The False Gems--Annotations�Direct and Indirect Characterization

�POV

�Title significance

�Irony

�Themes: money corrupts; pitfalls of materialism

�Social Criticism: “When a man is poor, his life is content, but when a man is wealthy and prosperous, his life is satiated with sorrow and he yearns for happiness.”

�Recurring Theme: “Appearance vs. Reality”

�When you finish reading: Answer “For Discussion” 1-4 on pg. 488 (in your composition book) be ready to discuss!

Ode on a Grecian Urn--Annotations� Metaphors

� Symbols

� Paradox--the urn appears in the real world subject to time and change, yet it and the life it presents are unchanging

� Tone shifts

� Diction

� Describe the scenes presented on the urn

� Theme: “How is truth to be defined?”

� Contrast between “two worlds”:

1. The real world 1. Human life

2. The world depicted on the urn 2. Life depicted on the urn

� Recurring theme: “Appearance vs. Reality”

Night Face Up--Annotations

�2 settings—Modern World and Savage World

�Perspective

�Light and dark imagery

�Point of view shifts

�Title significance

�Cortazar’s analysis of two worlds in terms of human

behavior and physical environment

�Themes: “Where does truth reside in this story?”

�Recurring theme: “Appearance vs. Reality”

Allegory of the Cave--Annotations

�Define: Allegory and Parable

�What is Plato’s attitude toward the idea of

Enlightenment?

�Theme: Truth vs. illusion—what we perceive as

real from birth is false based on our imperfect

interpretations of reality and goodness.

� Recurring theme: “Appearance vs. Reality”

Plato’s Theory of Forms

The Ethical Problem: How can humans live a fulfilling, happy life

in a contingent, changing world

where every thing they attach

themselves to can be taken

away?

Plato’s Solution: Humans have access to the realm of forms

through the mind, through reason.

This gives them access to an

unchanging world, invulnerable to

the pains and changes of the

material world. By detaching

ourselves from the material world

and our bodies and developing our

ability to concern ourselves with the

forms, we find a value which is not

open to change or disintegration.

Plato’s Theory of Forms

The Problem of Permanence and

Change: How can the world appear to be both permanent

and changing? The world we

perceive through the senses

seems to be always changing.

The world that we perceive

through the mind, seems to be

permanent and unchanging.

Which is most real and why does

it appear both ways?

Plato’s Solution: We perceive a different world, with different

objects, through our mind than we

do through the senses. It is the

material world, perceived through

the senses, that is changing. It is the realm of forms, perceived through

the mind, that is permanent and

immutable. It is this world that is more real!

Appearance vs. Reality Micro-Seminar

�Read and annotate pgs. 54-55. Look for key discussion ideas presented in these 2 pages that reflect the theme of “Appearance vs. Reality.”

�Then, decide which of the 4 stories we’ve read BEST supports this theme.

�Be ready to share with EVIDENCE from the text!

“The False Gems” (p. 483)

“Ode on a Grecian Urn” (p. 46)

“The Night Face Up” (p. 7)

“The Allegory of the Cave” (p. 49)