the high-voltage network of cern today
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the high-voltage network of CERN Today. François Duval Head of the Electrical Engineering Group EN Department CERN. Outline. The High Voltage grid Sources of Energy at CERN Normal operation Degraded Operating Modes Critical Points Present Power Consumption - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Review of the Project for the Consolidation and Upgrade of the CERN Electrical Distribution System
October 24-26, 2012
THE HIGH-VOLTAGE NETWORK OF CERN TODAY
François DuvalHead of the Electrical Engineering GroupEN DepartmentCERN
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Outline
The High Voltage grid Sources of Energy at CERN Normal operation Degraded Operating Modes Critical Points
Present Power Consumption Estimates at the HL-LHC Horizon Methodology Power Requirements
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The Status of the CERN Distribution Network
Present Consumptionand Future Estimates
Part 1
Part 2
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The CERN Accelerator Complex
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The layout
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The Layout of the HV Grid
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The Present HV Network
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Mey
rin&
the
PS
1950 - 1960’s
Prév
essin
&
the
SPS
1970’s
LHC1980’s - 2000
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The Present HV Network
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Main source EDF > 300 MW
Alternative source SIG/ALPIQ ≤ 60 MW
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The Different Voltage Levels
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400 kV
From the French grid through an interconnection substation “Bois-Tollot” located 300 m from CERN 400 kV. An OHL is connected to the busbar (no incomer). From this busbar, 5 CBs feed 5 power transformers (3 400/18 kV and 2 400/66 kV)
66 kV Feeds 5 LHC Points & the Prevessin Distribution Substation (BE9) from a double busbar substation with no redundancy.
20 kV Safety feeders from public distribution at LHC points18 kV Various 18 kV distribution system (loops, antenna
distribution with redundancy, direct feeders to big loads)
6.3 kV Local system from Diesel generators3.3 kV Local 3.3 kV system for big motors (compressors) and
Diesel generators
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The Sources of Energy at CERN
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The Sources
EDF/RTE 400MVA
SIG/Alpiq 60MVA Emergency source
The evolution Sharing between the two sources until 1995, For cost reasons and the limited available power the
relegation of the SIG source to a back-up source to be used only in case of outage of the EDF source or during maintenance
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Quality
The quality of the energy delivered at CERN is affected by external and internal causes:
Internal High level of Harmonics from power converters Voltage drops from short circuits Lack of selectivity
External Harmonics 2 from Power transformers
energizing through CERN filters
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Quality
Voltage drops due to faults on the grid (mainly lightning)
This topic was specified for the LHC project (EDMS 113154 Main parameters of the LHC 400/230 V distribution system)
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Quality
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Normal Operation
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The 66 kV network of the LHC Sites and the General Services for the the LHC, the SPS and its North Experimental Area
▶ EHT4 and EHT5 110MVA 400/66 kV, identical and operate in parallel
▶ EHT7 70 MVA 66/18 kV feeds the General Services of the Prevessin Site, the SPS and the LHC
▶ The LHC is fed, without any redundancy, from LHC points
1 EHT102 70 MVA 66/18 kV
2, 4, 6 & 8, EHT102/103 38 MVA 66/18 kV
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Normal OperationThe 18 kV pulsed network of the magnet system of the SPS and its North Experimental Area
▶ From the BE substation which is made of 3 busbars, each one fed from a 400/18 kV 90 MVA transformer, each busbar is connected to an SVC system of 120/150 MVAR
▶ 2 busbars out of 3 are necessary to operate the pulsed network
▶ The high capacitive current generated by the SVC is higher than the performance of the 18 kV CB, therefore the busbar protection is supported by the 18 kV incomers with the risk of high capacitive currents to be cut.
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Normal Operation
The Meyrin Site
▶ All the Meyrin site is fed from the main substation in LHC Point 1 through the MP5 link (60 MVA)
▶ There is no separation between General Services network and the facilities (accelerators, experimental areas, computer centre, etc.)
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Normal Operation
Autotransfert
▶ There is an automatic reconfiguration of the general services network called AUTOTRANSFERT managed by PLCs.
▶ It is based on the presence of voltage on the following busbars: BE9, ME9 and SEM12
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Degraded Operation
With the present consumption (LHC at 4 TeV) the network is able to cope with the outage of one major component: a transformer (400/66 kV or 66/18 kV) or an 18 kV site inter-site link.
In the event of such a failure, the 18 kV network can be reconfigured to support accelerator operations at nominal power.
See EDMS document no. 1079852
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Degraded Operation
Outage of EHT7
The load is taken by EHT3
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Degraded Operation
Outage of EHT102 in LHC Point 1
The load is taken via inter-site link MP6 on EHT7 and from SIG
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Degraded Operation
Outage of EHT4 or EHT5
The load is taken by EHT3
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Degraded Operation
Outage of EHT102 in any of the LHC Points 2,4,6 or 8
No redundancy !(only spares: one week to repair)
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Degraded Operation
Outage of inter-site link MP5
The load is taken via inter-site link MP6 and EHT7
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Degraded Operation
Outage of inter-site link MP7
The load is taken via inter-site link MP6
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Critical Points
The network has a number of weak points that affect
operational capability, availability, maintainability, economy, reliability and safety.
There are components the failure of which would have a long-
term impact on accelerator operations and/or
have operational limitations linked to network dimensioning and maintenance.
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Operational Capability 1
The Meyrin site is fed only by one substation (ME9 JURA). This substation has two sources: SIG/Alpiq (Switzerland) through ME10 EDF (France) through LHC Point 1
Operation with a single 400/66 kV 110 MVA transformer is only possible if transformer EHT3 do not operate on the SPS pulsed network.
The network does not allow reconfigurations to supply loads which are critical for the operation of the LHC
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Operational Capability 2
The 18 kV substation (ME43) for the computer centre in building 513 is part of the 18 kV ring that supplies the PS Booster and ISOLDE. This ring is operating near its rated capacity.
The inter-site links (MP6 & MP7, today limited to 30 MVA) do not allow all degraded modes at full power.
The mixing in some substations (BE9 and ME59) of interconnection and distribution functions limits the operation capability.
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Availability
The diversity of technologies used for the switchgears and protection relays,
The complexity of the HV grid, The numerous possibilities for reconfiguration and The need for very rapid fault-clearing make the task of implementing protection and efficient selectivity difficult.
No separation between the General Services Network and the facilities on the Meyrin site (accelerators, experimental areas, computer centre, etc.)
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Maintainability
The yearly tests of the AUTOTRANSFERT system, cannot be done without power cuts on the Meyrin site
During the maintenance of the 400 kV substation, CERN is limited to 60 MVA because of the SIG source; this leads to continuous delays of the maintenance operations.
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Reliability related to ageing
The power cables of SPS are close to their end of life. Pulsed and not filtered currents overstress the junctions and the failure rate is sharply increasing.
The 400 kV busbars and auxiliary connections require replacement
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Redundancy
A single OHL connects the 400 kV source to CERN
The 66 kV distribution for the LHC is made of 5 antennas
The power demand of the CERN Control Centre has grown and eroded the redundancy and maintainability.
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Safety
Most of the equipment (cubicles and cables) of Meyrin, Prevessin and SPS date from the 60’s or 70’s; they are no longer in compliance with the currently applicable standards for safety and operational reliability.
The 400 kV substation at BE lacks protection (such as firewalls) against the spread of a possible fire from one of the five transformers to adjacent installations.
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Economy
With the present power consumption, the failure of some of the network components can be tolerated. This involves network reconfigurations which require in some cases the connection to the SIG (Switzerland) source where energy is very expensive.
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Outline
The High Voltage grid Sources of Energy at CERN Normal operation Degraded Operating Modes Critical Points
Present Power Consumption Estimates at the HL-LHC Horizon Methodology Power Requirements
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The Status of the CERN Distribution Network
Present Consumptionand Future Estimates
Part 1
Part 2
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Present Power Consumption
Present power consumption was measured in July 2012;
The power values are the average of instantaneous power over 10 minutes
A particular attention is required on the difference between measured power flowing through a bus-bar and the sum of the power measured downstream
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Present Power ConsumptionMeasured in July 2012
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Estimates for the FutureThe inventory
1. Future upgrades/consolidations : LHC operation at 7 TeV per beam HL-LHC project Upgrades of the LHC experiments Planned upgrades and consolidation of the accelerators Planned increase of the capacity of the Computer Centre.
2. The shutdown of CNGS, DIRAC and LINAC2 3. Approved future or ongoing projects both in
Prévessin and Meyrin: CCC consolidation, New Building 107, Consolidation Building 867 and Additional needs of the various laboratories and test areas.
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Estimates for the FutureMethodology
The estimated active and reactive power figures set out in the tables of this document are based exclusively on the power load forecasts provided by the users and do not take rectification in account.
The drop in consumption during long shutdowns are not considered.
Power forecasts on 400/66 et 66/18 kV transformers have been done considering only the existing filters and TCRs. Also, any filter failure will impact the operation of the accelerators.
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Estimates for the FutureLHC at 7 TeV
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+31 %
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Estimates for the FutureHL-LHC
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+41 %