THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750-1914

THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM TO THE FACTORY SYSTEM

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

PREDECESSOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES IN THEORY AND MACHINERY.

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

NEW CROPSCHARLES TOWNSHEND – CROP ROTATIONCOMPLIMENTARY CROPS (CLOVER &TURNIPS – WHEAT & BARLEY)

JETHRO TULL – SEED DRILL

IRON PLOWS MECHANICAL

REAPERS AND THRESHERS

ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

THE FENCING OFF OF PUBLIC LANDS BY LANDOWNERS (1700’S).

AGRICULTURE BECAME MORE EFFICIENT.

EXPERIMENTATION WITH NEW CROPS.

FEWER FARM WORKERS NEEDED.

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT: RESULTS

MORE FOOD, BETTER DIET, IMPROVED HEALTH RAPID POPULATION GROWTH INCREASED DEMAND FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS UNEMPLOYED FARMERS = LARGE NEW LABOR FORCE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

DOMESTIC SYSTEM (COTTAGE INDUSTRY) WOOL/COTTON CLOTH MANUFACTURED IN THE

HOME. ENTREPRENEURS DELIVERED RAW MATERIALS. FAMILIES CLEANED RAW MATERIAL, SPUN THREAD AND WOVE CLOTH. THIS SYSTEM COULD NOT KEEP UP WITH DEMAND.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS

JOHN KAY FLYING SHUTTLE 1733 SPED UP WEAVING

PROCESS WEAVERS USE

THREAD FASTER THAN SPINNERS COULD PRODUCE IT

JAMES HARGREAVES SPINNING JENNY 1764 SPED UP THE

SPINNING PROCESS A PERSON COULD

SPIN SEVERAL THREADS AT ONCE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONFLYING SHUTTLE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING JENNY

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS

RICHARD ARKWRIGHT

WATER FRAME 1769 100 SPINDLES

DRIVEN BY WATER POWER

INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION

SAMUEL CROMPTON SPINNING MULE 1779 USED FEATURES OF

THE SPINNING JENNY AND THE WATER FRAME

INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WATER FRAME

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING MULE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS

EDWARD CARTWRIGHT

POWER LOOM 1785 LOOM IN WHICH THE

WEAVING ACTION WAS POWERED BY WATER

A WORKER COULD PRODUCE 200 TIMES MORE CLOTH IN A DAY

ELI WHITNEY COTTON GIN 1793 MACHINE THAT TORE

FIBERS FROM SEEDS TO CLEAN THE RAW COTTON

SPED UP THE PROCESS OF CLEANING COTTON FIBER

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POWER LOOM

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COTTON GIN

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

FACTORY SYSTEMWORKERS AND MACHINES BROUGHT TOGETHER IN ONE PLACEINVESTORS BUILT LARGE BUILDINGS TO HOUSE MACHINESWORKERS HAD A SET NUMBER OF HOURS TO WORKWORKERS WERE PAID DAILY OR WEEKLY WAGES

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE

1698-THOMAS SAVERY-STEAM DRIVEN PUMP-REMOVE WATER FROM FLOODED COAL MINES

EARLY 1700’S-THOMAS NEWCOMEN –SAFER STEAM POWERED PUMP

1760’S-JAMES WATT-IMPROVED NEWCOMEN ENGINE, PRODUCED 4 TIMES THE POWER AND STEAM BECAME AN EFFICENT POWER SOURCE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COAL AND IRON

EARLY 1700’S-ABRAHAM DARBY-DEVELOPED A WAY TO USE A FORM OF COAL, INSTEAD OF CHARCOAL, TO SMELT THE IRON. IRON IS BETTER QUALITY AND CHEAPER TO PRODUCE

DARBY MADE IRON 1850’S-HENRY BESSEMER-’PROCESS’

CREATED STRONGER, CHEAPER STEEL

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION

CANAL-1759-DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER ROAD SURFACE-1700’S-JOHN MCADAM RAILROAD-1829-GEORGE STEPHENSON

‘ROCKET’ TRAVELED AT 36 MPH! BETWEEN 1850 AND 1860 BRITAIN BUILT OVER 5000 MILES OF RAILROAD TRACK

STEAMSHIP-1807-ROBERT FULTON TELEGRAPH-1837-SAMUEL F.B. MORSE INEXPENSIVE POSTAL SYSTEM IN BRITAIN

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LOCOMOTIVE & STEAMSHIP

Why were railroads improvements over canals?

WHY DID BRITAIN LEAD THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION = MORE FOOD

AVAILABLE LABOR POOL

PLENTY OF COAL & IRON

EXCELLENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

MERCHANT TRADITION

CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT

LARGE COLONIAL EMPIRE FOR RAW MATERIALS

COLONIAL EMPIRE WAS A MARKET FOR FINISHED GOODS

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BRITAIN’S REIGN AS A WORLD POWER BEGINS