the influence of emotional and cognitive processes in the definition of speech rate marco tonti...
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The influence of emotional and cognitive processes in
the definition of speech rate
Marco TontiUniversità di Bologna
Table of Contents
The Therapeutic Cycle Model (TCM) Influence of the TCM processes on
the Rate of Speech (Main idea) Definition and extraction of data Statistical results Conclusions
Divides the text in blocks of words
Therapeutic Cycle Model Defines emotional and
cognitive dynamics Based on transcripts
Computes the density of emotional and cognitive words
Abstract words are markers for cognition
Mergenthaler (1996)
TCM – Prototypical Cycle
AbstractionEmotion
Phase Irelaxing
Phase IIexperiencing
Phase IIIconnecting
Phase IVreflecting
Phase Vrelaxing
Word frequencies are standardized as Z-scored values
Insight
TCM – Example
Word frequencies are standardized as Z-scored values
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
A BE T
Table of Contents
The Therapeutic Cycle Model (TCM) Influence of the TCM processes on
the Rate of Speech (Main idea) Extraction of data Statistical results Conclusions
Main idea (TCM and ROS)
PAB PET ROSexp
An high emotion level causes slowdonws due to hesitations.
An high cognition level causes slowdowns due to intense elaboration.
Low ROS is expected to be a marker for the phenomenon of insight.
Insight
TCM and ROS (2)
AB
ET
High ROS
Low ROS
Higher ROS in I quadrant
Average ROS in II and IV quadrants
Lower ROS in III quadrant
Mental Processes Mental processes
as OS processes Resurces drained by
processes in need for them
Physical effects of resource variation
Variation of the speaking rate
Table of Contents
The Therapeutic Cycle Model (TCM) Influence of the TCM processes on
the Rate of Speech (Main idea) Definition and extraction of data Statistical results Conclusions
Defining the ROS Text-based methods:
Words per second Characters per second
Acoustical methods Phones per second Syllables per second
Aligning recording and transcriptT̀was brillig, and the slithy toves did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.
The transcript and the recording have been aligned
on the basis of small segments lasting roughly 2 s
and containing from 1 to 6 words. The ROS has been
computed for each segment. The TCM word blocks
are composed by grouping the segments.
Analyzed session info 36 years old female subject (Romina) In therapy for eating disorders Psychodynamic therapy, one session
per week Treatment lasted for 8 months
This study is based on the 4th session of the terapy.
Table of Contents
The Therapeutic Cycle Model (TCM) Influence of the TCM processes on
the Rate of Speech (Main idea) Extraction of data Statistical results Conclusions
Correlation between TCM and ROS
WPS (ROS) AB+ET (TCM)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000-3.5
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Word block175 words
Spearman -0.58
Significanc
e0.004
(<0.05)
Other statistics
The ROS value varies much more rapidly than the TCM value. (The time-scale issue)
The available amount of data is small.(Few word blocks for each session)
Disaggregation of word blocks Each word block is composed by small
segments. The TCM value of each block is inherited
by the composing segments.
This procedure allows a fine-grained analysis of the rate of speech.
A C D B
A AA A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C DD DD DD DD DD D B B B B B B B B B B B
Inferential statistics The test has been run on the four
groups of segments belonging to the phases Relaxing, Experiencing, Connecting and Reflecting.
The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference, for blocks of 175 words, in the mean ROS (CPS) of each group:
prob>χ2 = 0.0066 (<0.05)
Table of Contents
The Therapeutic Cycle Model (TCM) Influence of the TCM processes on
the Rate of Speech (Main idea) Extraction of data Statistical results Conclusions
Conclusions (1)
This pilot study: Tends to confirm a connection between
ROS and TCM. Defines low ROS as a marker for insight
phases. Is based on values that can be
extracted on a purely acoustical fashion.