The Italian States Unite, 1859-1870The Italian States Unite, 1859-1870The Italian States Unite, 1859-1870The Italian States Unite, 1859-1870

Factors That Led to Italian UnificationFactors That Led to Italian Unification GeographyGeography• Italy is isolatedItaly is isolated• Geographic isolation Geographic isolation

allows Italy to develop its allows Italy to develop its own ways, customs.own ways, customs.

HistoryHistory• Italians are very proud of Italians are very proud of

their heritage, including their heritage, including the Italian Renaissance.the Italian Renaissance.

• Napoleon’s conquest of Napoleon’s conquest of Italian states led to a Italian states led to a desire not to be conquered desire not to be conquered again again Italian unity. Italian unity.

Efforts of Three Men: Mazzini, Efforts of Three Men: Mazzini, Garibaldi, CavourGaribaldi, Cavour

Giuseppe Mazzini,Giuseppe Mazzini,“Heart of Italian Unification”“Heart of Italian Unification”

He was a member He was a member of the of the Carbonari Carbonari who were a secret who were a secret group which used group which used violence to obtain violence to obtain what it wanted.what it wanted.

He formed He formed Young Young ItalyItaly, made up of , made up of young people young people whose job it was whose job it was to arouse to arouse enthusiasm for a enthusiasm for a united nation.united nation.

Tried revolution Tried revolution but it failedbut it failed..

Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Garibaldi, “The Sword of Italian Unification”“The Sword of Italian Unification”

Italian nationalist Italian nationalist who led an army who led an army called the “Red called the “Red Shirts”Shirts”

Garibaldi first Garibaldi first invaded Sicily, then invaded Sicily, then urged them to join urged them to join Piedmont-Sardinia Piedmont-Sardinia under the leadership under the leadership of of Victor Emmanuel.Victor Emmanuel.

Garibaldi handed Garibaldi handed over all conquered over all conquered lands to Victor lands to Victor Emmanuel.Emmanuel.

Count Cavour, Count Cavour, “The Mind of Italian Unification”“The Mind of Italian Unification”

Count Camillo di Cavour Count Camillo di Cavour was led a revolt against was led a revolt against Austria – this encouraged Austria – this encouraged other Italian states to other Italian states to revolt.revolt.

United with Garibaldi to United with Garibaldi to form Italy’s first united form Italy’s first united government since the government since the Roman EmpireRoman Empire

Formed a constitutional Formed a constitutional monarchymonarchy

Gained Venice from Austria Gained Venice from Austria in 1866 and Rome from in 1866 and Rome from France in 1871France in 1871

Victor Emmanuel IIVictor Emmanuel II

Problems Faced by a United ItalyProblems Faced by a United Italy

Right to vote is limited to Right to vote is limited to upper and middle class upper and middle class property holders. property holders.

Many Catholics refuse to Many Catholics refuse to participate in new nation participate in new nation (as did the Pope). (as did the Pope).

Italy lacked industrial Italy lacked industrial development, agriculture, development, agriculture, and natural resources. and natural resources.

Northern Italy was Northern Italy was wealthy, Southern Italy wealthy, Southern Italy was poorwas poor

Prices were high, people Prices were high, people could not afford could not afford manufactured goods. manufactured goods.