the larynx e-learning

8/2/2019 The Larynx E-learning

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The Larynx


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Definition

A special part of the body consists of group ofcartilages which are connected to each other bymembranes & ligaments and moved by muscles.

Functions:

1. Voice production

2. Protective sphincter for inlet of airway to the

lungs

Location:

At level of C4, C5 and C6


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Cartilages

Membranes & ligaments

Muscles

Components of Larynx


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Cartilages


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cartilages

cartilages

single paired

Arytenoid Corniculate CuneiformThyroid Cricoid Epiglottis


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Thyroid cartilage

Largest

Consists of

- 2 Laminae:

Adams apple

(in midline Ant.)

Oblique line

(outer surface, Attachments?)

- Superior Horn

- Inferior Horn


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Cricoid cartilage

small ring of hyaline cartilage

Located inferior to the thyroidcartilage

Consists of:

Anterior arch

Posterior lamina


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Epiglottis

a leaf-shaped of elasticcartilage tissue covered witha mucus membrane

Attachments

Inf. Part (stalk) :thyroid cartilage

Sides:

arytenoid cartilage(aryepigottic fold)

Upper edge:

free


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aryepiglotticfold


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Related with the tongue by

glossepiglotticmembrane

(reflection of m.m. fromepiglottis forward to the

posterior surface of thetongue)

median fold

lateral folds

vallecula


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Arytenoid Cartilage

- pair of small pyramidal shape

- In the post. Larynx, on cricoidlamina

Apex: corniculate C.

Base: cricoid lamina

Vocal Process (ant.) vocal lig.Muscular Process (lat.) ??


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Corniculate cartilages

Two small conical

nodules

at the apex of

arytenoid cart.


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Cuneiform Cartilages

are two small

placed on either side,

in the aryepiglottic fold


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Membranes and ligament


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Membranes & ligaments

Extrinsic: Thyrohyoid membrane

median thyrohyoid lig.

lateral thyrohyoid lig.

Cricotracheal ligament

Intrinsic Quadrangular membrane

Cricothyroid memb. & ligament


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Thyrohyoid Membrane

Connects upper margin of ?? To hyoid bone

Thickened in midline to form ??

Thickened posterolaterally

to form ?

pierced on each side by:

1. the superior laryngeal vessels

(from??)

&

2. the internal laryngeal nerve

(from?)


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Quadrangular Membrane

Quadrangular in shapeExtends between ? & ?

Free Inf. Margin thickened to form ?

Free Upper margin folds to form ?

Cuneiform cartilage is found in the

Aryepiglottic fold & serves to

Strengthen it.


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Cricothyroid Membrane & Ligaments

Inf. Margin:Upper border of cricoid cartilage

Sup. Margin:

Free margin, on medial side

of thyroid cartilage

(within the space enclosed by

Thyroid cart.)

Attached:Ant.: ?

Post.: ?

The upper free margin is thickened to form the Vocal ligaments


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Cricothyroid Membrane & Ligaments

View from Superior

Membrane

Vocal Ligaments,free upper margin


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Cricothyroidotomy

An emergency incision through the skin and cricothyroid membrane

to secure the airway during upper airway obstruction, when oral ornasal intubation is not possible


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False Vocal cords:

Fixed vestibular folds (inf. free margin of quadrangular memb.)

vascular & pink in color

True Vocal Cords:

Mobile vocal ligaments (sup. free margin of cricothyroid memb.)

avascular & white in color

Rima Vestibularis:

Rima Glottidis:

Sinus of Larynx:

A small recess extended from lat. sides of the larynx between ??


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Inlet of larynx

Looks upward and backwardinto ??

Borders

upper

epiglottis

lateral aryepiglottic fold

posterior and belowmembrane covers arytenoidcart.


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Cavity of larynx

3 RegionsUpper part (vestibule):Inlet ?Middle part:

Between ?Communicates laterally with ?

Lower part:

From ? lower border of ?*Mucous membrane covering

of larynx is ciliated columnarepithelium, except?


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Muscles of The Larynx


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Muscles of Larynx

Extrinsic M.

Intrinsic M.


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Extrinsic Muscles

Move the whole larynx up or down during swallowing

Elevators:

suprahyoid group (??)3 pharyngeal muscles (Stylopharyngeus,

Salpingopharyngeus and Palatopharyngeus)

Depressors:Infra hyoid muscles, EXCEPT?


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Intrinsic Muscles2 groups

- control Laryngeal inlet (2 muscles):oblique arytenoid ( action?)thyroepiglottic (action?)

- move vocal folds (5 muscles):cricothyroidthyroarytenoidlateral cricoarytenoidposterior cricoarytenoid

transverse arytenoid

Read the table in your book for the

Origin?, Insertion?, Nerve supply?, & Action of these muscles


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Oblique arytenoid

Muscular process

Apex of other arytenoid

Some fibers continue inthe aryepiglottic fold asthe aryepiglottic m.

Action:

Narrows laryngeal inlet


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Thyroepiglottic Muscle

Inner surface of thyroid cartilage

Lat. Epiglottis & aryepiglottic fold

Action:

Widens laryngeal inlet


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Muscles that move the vocal fold


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Muscles move the vocal folds

Cricothyroid

tenses the vocal cord


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Muscles move the vocal fold

Thyroarytenoid( vocalis )

relaxes the vocal cord


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Lateralcricoarytenoid

adduct the vocal cord

by rotating arytenoidcart.


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Posteriorcricoarytenoid

abduct vocal cords


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Transversearytenoid

closes posterior part of rima

glottidis


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Blood supply

Upper half of larynx:

superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery.

Lower half:

inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery


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Nerve supply

Sensory

above vocal fold internal laryngeal branch of superiorlaryngeal branch of ?

below vocal fold recurrent laryngeal n. Motor

Recurrent laryngeal n. supply all intrinsic muscles

except ?? muscle which is supplied by ?? nerve

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