the oecd skills strategy: austria in perspective

The OECD Skills Strategy: Austria in perspective

Joanne CaddyOECD Directorate for Education and Skillsforum bmvit - Vienna, 11 June 2013

Major shifts in the demand for skillsEconomy-wide measures of routine and non-routine task input (US)

1960 1970 1980 1990 200240

45

50

55

60

65 Routine manual

Nonroutine manual

Routine cognitive

Nonroutine analytic

Nonroutine inter-active

(Levy and Murnane, 2010)

Mean t

ask

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ut

as

perc

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the 1

960

task

dis

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Dilemma facing schools:The skills that are easiest to teach and test are also the ones that are easiest to digitise, automate and outsource

18

Skills are the new global currencySupply of college graduates

China EU US -

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

2006

2010

2015

2020

10

By 2020, there will be more new graduates in China

than youth in Europe

19

4

OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC)New focus on skills, not qualifications

skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives

What do we mean by skills (or competencies)?

Skills

Bundle of knowledge, attributes and capacities that enable individuals to successfully and consistently perform an activity or task

Human Capital

Sum of all skills available within the country at a given point in time

OECD Skills Strategy (2012)


6

Why do skills matter to countries?


7

Why do skills matter to people?


8

How can we improve skills and their use?

skills.oecdBetter Skills, Better Jobs, Better Lives 9

What is the OECD Skills Strategy?


Developing relevant skills in Austria

10

Educational attainment has improved in Austria…

Population that has attained at least upper secondary education (2010)

12

…but 1 in 4 students lack basic skills

Austria

France

Belgium

Germany

Sweden

Denmark

Poland

Norway

Korea

Finland

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

below level 2

2

3

4

5

6

Low performers High perform-ers Source: PISA 2009

13

Austria has one of the largest PISA gaps for migrants

14

Low supply of university graduates…

15

…particularly with regard to STEM

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Proportion of graduates by fields of study, 2010

Health and welfare Agriculture Education (ISC 14) Humanities and Arts

Social sciences, business and law Services Engineering, manufacturing and construction Science

Source: Education at a Glance 2012 (2010 data)

16

Mind the gap? Future career plans of girls and boys

17

Employer training favours the high-skilled

18

Activating skills supply

Youth unemployment and inactivity are low in Austria

Female employment rates are high, but motherhood makes part-time employment likely…

Older workers’ employment rates are below OECD average

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Luxem

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Austria

Greec

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Franc

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Slova

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Czech

Rep

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Spain

Portu

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Mex

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OECD coun

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Nethe

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Great

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ain

Finla

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Canad

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Denm

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Austral

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Korea

Isra

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USA

Estla

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Norway

Chile

Sweden

New Z

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nd

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and

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Labour force participation rate for people aged 55 to 64

2011 2007

22

International migration accounts for 1/3 of new entries into the working-age population…

Permanent-type migration as an estimated % of new entries into

the working-age population, 2010

23

Differences in employment rates are largest for highly-educated immigrants

Swed

enBelg

iumNeth

erlan

dsNorw

ayFra

nceDen

markIre

land

Canad

aGerm

any

AUSTRIA

Finlan

dSp

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DPortu

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United Kingd

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Switz

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United St

ates

-20

-10

0

10

20Low-educated Highly-educated

Difference in employment rate of foreign- and native-born populations by educational level, 2009-10, 15-64 (excluding persons still in education)

Immigrants have higher employment rates

Immigrants have lower employment rates

Differences are largest for those with foreign qualifications from non-OECD countries


Putting skills to effective use

24

25

Employers face difficulties recruiting skilled workers

Source: Manpower, 2007 and 2012 Talent Shortage Surveys.

Employers facing difficulties recruiting skilled workers, 2007 and 2012As a percentage of all employers

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Breakdown not available Professionals Technicians and associate professionals

HRST in 2008

Growth potential in science & technology professions

OECD calculations, based on EU Labour Force Survey; US Current Population Survey; Australian, Canadian, Japanese and New Zealander labour force surveys, Korean Economically Active Population Survey, China Labour Statistical Yearbook

Human resources in science and technology (HRST), 2010As a percentage of total employment

0

1

2

3

4

5

61995 2009

%

Share of ICT specialists now reaches EU average…

OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010

Share of ICT-specialists in the total economy, 1995 and 2009As a percentage of total employment

…but share of women in ICT is below EU average

OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50Women in ICT sector Women in ICT specialists

%


Where to find OECD resources on skills