the passive unit the passive - amazon web services · 2 we use an active verb to say what the...
TRANSCRIPT
Choose the correct sentence.
1
a I’m sorry, but I just don’t believe that your homework stole!
b I’m sorry, but I just don’t believe that your homework was stolen!
2
a Summer temperatures are said to be getting higher every year.
b Summer temperatures say to be getting higher every year.
3
a He has bitten.
b He has been bitten.
4
a The man is chasing.
b The man is being chased.
5
a Is this trophy made of silver?
b Is this trophy made by silver?
6
a The plants don’t water very often.
b The plants aren’t watered very often.
Active Passive
Present Simple He washes the car. ➞ The car is washed.
Present Continuous He is washing the car. ➞ The car is being washed.
Past Simple He washed the car. ➞ The car was washed.
Past Continuous He was washing the car. ➞ The car was being washed.
Present Perfect Simple He has washed the car. ➞ The car has been washed.
Past Perfect Simple He had washed the car. ➞ The car had been washed.
Future Simple He will wash the car. ➞ The car will be washed.
be going to He is going to wash the car. ➞ The car is going to be washed.
Modals He should wash the car. ➞ The car should be washed.
Semi-modals He has to wash the car. ➞ The car has to be washed.
Modal Perfect He must have washed the car. ➞ The car must have been washed.
Notes
1 To change a sentence from active to passive, we put the verb be in the same tense as the active verb and add the past participle. We form negative passive statements by adding not.
They sell bread in the supermarket. Bread is sold in the supermarket. Bread isn’t sold at the chemist’s.
2 We use an active verb to say what the subject does. We use a passive verb to say what happens to the subject. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Look at the example.
3 To form questions in the passive, we change the word order of the subject and the auxiliary verb. A photo is taken every year. ➞ Is a photo taken every year? The photo has been taken. ➞ Has the photo been taken?
4 We often use the passive when the person who does the action is obvious, not known or not important. The thief has been arrested. (It is obvious that the police arrested the thief.) My passport was taken from my bag. (I don’t know who took it.) The work had been done quickly. (We are interested in how quickly the work was done, not who did it.)
5 If we want to say who or what causes the action, we use by + person / thing (the agent). This song will be sung by Adele. Their journey was made difficult by the icy roads.
6 In the passive, the verbs believe, consider, expect, know, say, suppose and think are followed by the infinitive. Fred is expected to win the race. In ancient Greece, Zeus was believed to cause lightning.
7 For a list of irregular verbs, see page 189.
object
They fixed our motorbike last week.
Our motorbike was fixed last week.
subject
P
Read some facts about drones. Look at the verbs in bold and write P (Passive) or A (Active) next to each sentence.
❏ 1 The original drones were shaped like planes and were programmed to fly until they ran out of fuel.
❏ 2 Drones were first used by armies.
❏ 3 These days, people in many different jobs, like farmers, photographers and even lifeguards, use drones.
❏ 4 In the past, pictures from high up had to be taken from helicopters or planes.
❏ 5 Today, ordinary people take pictures using smaller, cheaper drones.
❏ 6 Many people enjoy flying drones as a hobby.
❏ 7 Now drones are controlled with an app on your tablet or phone.
❏ 8 In the future, all sorts of things may be delivered by drones – even pizza!
THe PASSIveUNIT■ CheCk whAT yoU kNow
■ CheCk yoUr grAmmAr rUles
See GRAMMAR APPeNDIX, PAGe 174
CoNTINueD ➜
72 73
the passive
P
A
P
A
A
P
P
SNACKS �5 each
sea lion horsepolar bear kangAroo lion
grAmmAr PrACTICe
1 Circle the correct answer.
1 A beach party organized / is organized every summer.
2 Luckily, nobody hurt / was hurt in the accident.
3 The director expects / is expected his new film to be a success.
4 Our school has invited / has been invited to enter a competition.
5 When we arrived in the city centre, a parade was taking / was being taken place.
6 Dinner is going to serve / is going to be served at eight o’clock.
7 This door should have locked / should have been locked.
8 The tourists are being shown / are showing around the palace at the moment.
2 Read the sentences. Which sentences need by + agent? Write 3 or 7.
1 The school will be decorated by painters next summer.
2 The new plants in my garden had been eaten by my neighbour’s rabbit!
3 The Starry Night was painted by Van Gogh in 1889.
4 A lot of money was stolen from the bank by robbers.
5 Our house is cleaned once a week by a woman called Josie.
3 Read the text. Circle the correct answer. The London EyeThe London Eye was 1 built / build as part of the celebrations for the millennium
year, 2000. It 2 was / has opened on 31st December 1999. One thousand seven hundred
tonnes of steel were 3 use / used to build it. At first, the plan was that the wheel would
be 4 take / taken down after five years, but now it seems it will 5 stay / stayed in
London for many years to come.
Many London landmarks, such as Buckingham Palace, St Paul’s Cathedral and Big Ben,
can 6 be / being seen from the Eye. It is said 7 to be / being the most popular tourist
attraction in Britain, and it is 8 visiting / visited by more than three and a half million
visitors a year.
7
4 Some changes are needed at the park. Complete the sentences. use the modal and the correct form of the verbs given.
can be put
5 Complete the text. use the words below.
been | by | going | was | will | being | be
One of the world’s most amazing swimming pools is on top of the Marina Bay Sands Hotel
in Singapore. The pool 1 opened in 2010 and has 2
designed so that the edges of the pool cannot 3 seen. People who
swim right up to the edge have wonderful views of the city 200 metres below. The pool
can only be used 4 hotel guests, so it never gets too crowded.
Another amazing swimming pool is 5 built in the city of London,
35 metres above the ground between two tall buildings. The pool is made of a
transparent material, so swimmers 6 be able to see down
to the ground. It is 7 to be opened quite soon so that swimmers
can have an amazing – and possibly frightening – experience!
was
7 Complete the sentences. use the correct passive form of the verbs given.
1 know / kick This animal has strong legs and its enemies.
2 say / reach When it is in a hurry, it speeds of 70 kph.
3 expect / stay This animal is not in danger of extinction, and the population the same as it is now.
4 suppose / taste The meat of this animal like the meat of a deer.
5 believe / have This animal two heads by early explorers!
6 consider / be This animal the national animal of Australia.
What kind of animal is being described?
It’s a .
is known to kick
6 QueSTIoNS Change the questions from active to passive. Then give a logical answer. use passive, where possible.
1 How do people usually celebrate their name days?
How ?
Answer: .
2 What do people usually wear at weddings?
What ?
Answer: .
3 Who should you call if there is a forest fire?
Who ?
Answer: .
4 What are they planning at your school at the moment?
What ?
Answer: .
5 Where did they hold the last Olympics?
Where ?
Answer: .
6 What could they do to improve your town?
What ?
Answer: .
are name days usually celebrated
Special Swimming Pools
1 There is litter all over. can / put
All the litter in bins.
2 People have written graffiti everywhere. have to / paint
The walls .
3 The snacks are very expensive. shouldn’t / sell
Expensive snacks .
4 The gate has been broken for a long time. ought to have / repair
The gate by now.
5 There are not enough trees for shade. could have / plant
More trees for shade.
74 75
the passive
3
3
7
3
have to be painted
shouldn’t be sold
could have been planted
ought to have been repaired
been
be
by
being
will
going
Accept all logical answers.
is usually worn at weddings
should be called if there is a forest fire
is being planned at your school at the moment
were the last Olympics held
could be done to improve your town
is said to reach
is expected to stay
is supposed to taste
was believed to have
is considered to be
kangaroo
Pizza
Trivia
Rhodes
9 Circle the correct answer.
1 We can’t keep this secret from Tom any more. He must . a be told b have told c have been told
2 The Internet when my parents were growing up. a isn’t invented b hasn’t been invented c hadn’t been invented
3 How long can before it goes off? a be kept milk b milk be kept c be milk kept
4 These tomatoes in my aunt’s garden. a will be grown b be grown c were grown
5 The bill ought to yesterday. a have been paid b be paid c had paid
1 All over the world more than five billion pizzas (sell) each year.
2 It is estimated that over three billion pizzas (eat) next year in the USA alone.
3 Kids aged 3-11 (prefer) pizza to all other foods.
4 Though pizza only became a popular food in the USA after World War II, it (bring) to America by Italian immigrants 50 years earlier.
5 Of all the toppings available, pepperoni (a kind of salami) (choose) more often by Americans than any other.
6 Europeans have been eating pizza since the late 18th century but it (exist) long before that.
7 Pizza (prepare) by people of Pompeii when the volcano erupted and buried the city in 79 AD.
8 Pizza Margherita (give) its name by a chef who worked for an Italian queen. She ate her pizza with tomatoes and cheese.
8 Complete the sentences about pizza. use the correct form of the verbs given, active or passive.
Complete the text. use the correct passive form of the verbs given.10
The Namib Desert in Africa 1 (cover) with
mysterious circles which 2 (know) as fairy circles.
A fairy circle is a small area of dry, red soil with grass around the edge. According to
mythology, fairy circles 3 (create) by ancient gods as they
walked on Earth.
Fairy circles usually last between 30 and 60 years before they are completely covered by grass and
disappear. New ones may appear in nearby locations. Nobody knows how they form but over the years,
different explanations 4 (suggest) by scientists. For example, it
5 (think) that some kind of insect might be responsible for making the fairy circles.
Another scientist studied some photos which 6 (take) from the air and he offered
another explanation – that the plants grew in this pattern because they couldn’t find enough water. A different
theory is that the circles 7 (may / cause) by gases under the earth.
8 (the mystery / solve) some day or will the fairy circles remain a puzzle?
is covered
It’s hardly surprising that Rhodes 1 by millions of tourists every year. Most of
the island’s hills and low mountains 2 with forests, making it one of the most
beautiful Greek islands. Many Hollywood movies 3 there over the years.
One of the seven wonders of the ancient world was in Rhodes. It 4
the Colossus of Rhodes and it 5 to have stood in the harbour.
It 6 by an earthquake in 226 BC.
A medieval festival 7 in the old town every year. In 1988, the old town
of Rhodes 8 one of the most important historic areas in the world.
Lindos is a very special village on the island. No cars 9 in the
village, but tourists 10 up to the Acropolis of Lindos by donkey!
An introduction for visitors
Complete the text. use the correct passive form of the verbs below.
cover | hold | name | can take | call | visit | allow | destroy | think | make
11
6 I can’t find my purse. I hope it ! a isn’t stolen b isn’t being stolen c hasn’t been stolen
7 A new bridge across the river this year. a is built b is being built c would be built
8 Are esports included in the Olympic Games in future?
a going to be b will be c are being
9 I couldn’t wear my favourite jeans yesterday because they .
a are being washed b will be washed c were being washed
10 The band’s new single released next week. a will be b being c going to be
are sold
is visited
76 77
the passive
77
will be eaten
prefer
was brought
is chosen
existed
was being prepared
was given
are known
were created
have been suggested
is thought
were taken
may be caused
are covered
have been made
Will the mystery be solved
was called
is thought
was destroyed
is held
was named
are allowed
can be taken
2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1 They will deliver the new washing machine next Saturday. GoING
The new washing machine next Saturday.
2 Did Margot really write this poem? bY
Was Margot?
3 By the time we got to the theatre, there were no tickets left. HAD
All the tickets by the time we got to the theatre.
4 You don’t have to give a dog a bath every day. HAve
A dog given a bath every day.
5 Everyone says that London has some of the best museums in the world. SAID
London some of the best museums in the world.
6 People sometimes call Pythagoras the first mathematician. CALLeD
Pythagoras the first mathematician.
1 Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
1 We couldn’t go swimming because the pool . a still was being cleaned b was still being cleaned c still being was cleaned d was being cleaned still
2 “The exam starts at 10 o’clock tomorrow, doesn’t it?” “ the time been changed to 10.30?”
a Isn’t b Didn’t c Wasn’t d Hasn’t
3 “When are we getting our certificates?” “They given out next Friday.”
a being b are going be c will be d have been
4 “Why doesn’t my new mobile phone work?” “The battery charged for at least six hours
before you can use it.” a has to be b has been c will be d must
Many Bats! Every year, the Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico, USA is visited 1
thousands of people. They come to see the amazing stalactites and stalagmites in the caves. But not all of the
attractions are underground.
Every night, from April to October, hundreds of thousands of bats 2 be seen flying out of the
caves to look for food. About half an hour after the sun 3 gone down, the bats leave their caves
and the sound of their wings can 4 heard as the sky fills with hungry bats. Young bats 5 left in the cave while the adults go out to feed. At least 17 different kinds of bats are known 6 live in the park.
In late October, the bats fly south to Mexico, where they spend the winter.
Scientists have tried to find out exactly where they go, but most of the
caves have not 7 found yet. In fact, very little 8 known about what the bats do during the winter.
But every spring, the bats return to Carlsbad Caverns National Park.
3 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. use only one word in each gap.
The Passive
The school is holding a prom this evening. say what will be done before or during the prom.
Possible answer for number 1
Signs will be put up.
5 The patient’s temperature must every two hours. a take b have taken c been taken d be taken
6 Dad my bike for me. a fixing b is fixing c is fixed d was fixed
7 Sugar is known bad for your teeth. a be b to be c being d that it is
8 Free ice cream given out in the square yesterday. a is being b was being c has been d is to be
9 Some trees lightning during the storm. a were struck b been struck c struck by d were struck by
10 The wedding invitations until next week. a aren’t sending b not going to send c aren’t going to be sent d are going not to be sent
11 The number 13 unlucky. a is believed being b it is believed it is c believes to be d is believed to be
12 “The house we rented was dirty.“ “Really? It cleaned before you arrived.”
a should have b ought have been c should have been d ought to have
The prom will be held in the school hall. I can’t wait.
!sPeAk UP
B2 eXAm PrACTICe
54 6
give guests a drink when they arrive
serve food at 9 p.m.
2
blow up balloons to decorate the school hall
3
drive guests to the party by limo
1
put up signs
take photos outside
78 79
the passive
is going to be delivered
this poem really written by
had been sold
does not / doesn’t have to be
is said to have
is sometimes called
by
can
has
be
are
to
been
is