the renaissance, part i the resurgence of classical culture and the rise of a new humanism
TRANSCRIPT
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The Renaissance, Part IThe Renaissance, Part I
The resurgence of classical culture and the rise of a new
humanism
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Florence, ItalyWhere the Renaissance begins…
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Why was Florence important in the 14th century?
• Florentine “representative” government– Arti, senior guilds
• Center of wool trade• Banking, banking families
– Stable monetary system– For a century, the Medici family is a patron of the
arts, supporting such luminaries as Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo
• Revolutionary Florentine art– Renaissance
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The Medici Era:Cosimo de’ Medici (1434-1464)
• Collected ancient manuscripts• Patron of arts to atone for usury• Fostered study of Greek language, philosophy• Founded a new Platonic Academy
– Search for truth and beauty
• Sponsored the priest Marsilio Ficino, who fused Platonism and Christianity– Platonic Love, Christian Platonism
• Known as Pater Patriae– Patron of the arts– Grandson Lorenzo funded rebuilding University of Pisa,
from which Greek texts were exported to the rest of Europe
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Medieval Art
10th Century Russian Icon (left) and 14th Century Florentine Passion (right)
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Medieval Art in the International Style
Note the bright colors, crowded composition, and rounded figures
No single-point perspective
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Masaccio’s Holy Trinity
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1. a concern with, and technical ability to handle, space and volume in a believable way
2. studious approach to model art from that of ancient Rome
3. departure from more ethereal mode of medieval otherworldliness to a greater concern for human realism
This is achieved through:1. clarity of line2. mathematically precise
perspective3. close observation of real
people4. concern for psychological
states5. uncluttered arrangements—
artist doesn’t fill up all available space
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Florence Cathedralcombines Gothic buttressing with Roman dome
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Brunelleschi’s Foundling Hospital, How is this different from Gothic style?
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Brunelleschi’s Pazzi Chapel; note the similarities to Rome’s domed pantheon
Ancient Rome’s Pantheon
Brunelleschi’s RenaissancePazzi Chapel
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Botticelli’s Springtime; heavily infused with pagan symbolism
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Botticelli’s Birth of Venus; note the idealism of the central figure
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Botticelli’s Birth of Venus; modeled on Greek and Roman statues
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Leonardo da VinciThe first “Renaissance Man”
1. He was a master painter
2. He was a keen scientist, mastering fields of geology, botany, and anatomy
3. He was a master engineer, designing airplanes and helicopters
4. He was a master mathematician
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Leonardo’s Notebooks
From left to right:An underwater breathing machine; detailed studies of human anatomy; an artificial wing for human flight (just strap it on and jump off a cliff! [don’t try this at home])
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Leonardo’s “The Last Supper”note the mathematical precision
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Popes and Patronage
• Vatican as center of wealth, stability
• Pope Sixtus IV– Ghirlandaio, Botticelli, Perugino
• Pope Julius II– Beginnings of High Renaissance (1503)– “il papa terribile”– Raphael, Michelangelo
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Raphael, Pope Julius II’s favorite artist
“Madonna of the Meadow”
Pyramidal configurationRationally orderedModeling of human formsHuman quality of the divine
Quite a departure from medieval representations of Jesus
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Late Medieval Virgin and Child in a more International Style
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Michelangelo
Neo-Platonist sculptor
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Moses
Michelangelesque•Masculine anatomy, musculature•Physical bulk, linear grace, emotionality
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The Sistine Chapel
•“Michelangelo, Sculptor”•Architectural and thematic motifs•Interpretation
•Neo-Platonism•Old Testament and pagan prophets•Complex tree symbolism•Human wisdom + God’s revelation
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