The Roaring TwentiesThe Roaring Twenties

1920 - 19291920 - 1929

IsolationismIsolationism

After WWI, under Presidents After WWI, under Presidents Harding and Coolidge, America Harding and Coolidge, America adopted a policy of adopted a policy of IsolationismIsolationism..

Isolationism is the policy of not Isolationism is the policy of not getting involved in dealings with getting involved in dealings with other countries.other countries.

The goal was to keep America out The goal was to keep America out of international conflicts.of international conflicts.

Kellogg-Briand Pact Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)(1928) An agreement to An agreement to

outlaw war signed outlaw war signed on August 28, 1928.on August 28, 1928.

The goal was to The goal was to prevent another prevent another World War.World War.

Red ScareRed Scare Russian Revolution: Russian Revolution: In In

November 1917, Vladimir November 1917, Vladimir LeninLenin and his followers, the Bolsheviks and his followers, the Bolsheviks ((the Redsthe Reds), took power.), took power.

He established a Communist He established a Communist government and renamed Russia, government and renamed Russia, The Soviet Union.The Soviet Union.

Lenin encouraged revolutions to Lenin encouraged revolutions to take place all over the world to take place all over the world to establish Communist establish Communist governments.governments.

Communism v. Communism v. CapitalismCapitalism Government Government

owned all owned all businesses and businesses and propertyproperty

Individuals had Individuals had no rights that the no rights that the government had government had to respectto respect

Only one political Only one political party is allowed party is allowed (Communist Party(Communist Party

Private (individual) Private (individual) ownership of ownership of business and business and propertyproperty

Individuals are Individuals are guaranteed guaranteed rights that the rights that the government government must protectmust protect

Many political Many political parties are parties are allowedallowed

Palmer RaidsPalmer Raids Attorney General, Attorney General,

Palmer Mitchell, Palmer Mitchell, wanted to stop wanted to stop Communists from Communists from taking over the United taking over the United States.States.

He raided thousands He raided thousands of homes and of homes and businesses run by businesses run by those whom he those whom he thought were thought were Communists.Communists.

He arrested them and He arrested them and usually deported usually deported them.them.

The Palmer Raids are an example of the Red Scare

Sacco & VanzettiSacco & Vanzetti Italian immigrants Italian immigrants

put on trial for put on trial for shooting and shooting and killing two men killing two men during a holdup at during a holdup at a shoe factory a shoe factory near Boston.near Boston.

Found guilty and Found guilty and put to death in put to death in the electric chair.the electric chair.

An example of the An example of the Red Scare.Red Scare.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

During the 1920s, During the 1920s, KKK membership KKK membership rose to over 4 rose to over 4 million – example million – example of the Red Scareof the Red Scare

Organization Organization that promotes that promotes hatred and hatred and discrimination discrimination against against specific ethnic specific ethnic and religious and religious groups – groups – Blacks, Blacks, Communists, Communists, Jews, Jews, CatholicsCatholics

ProhibitionProhibition

1818thth Amendment Amendment

Submitted by Congress in 1917, Submitted by Congress in 1917, after the U.S. entered WWIafter the U.S. entered WWI

Banned the manufacture, Banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors.intoxicating liquors.

RatifiedRatified on on

January 29, 1919.January 29, 1919.

Volstead ActVolstead Act Law that officially Law that officially

enforced the enforced the Eighteenth Eighteenth Amendment of Amendment of ProhibitionProhibition

Did not stop Did not stop Americans from Americans from drinkingdrinking

Alcohol was Alcohol was available at available at “Speakeasies”“Speakeasies”

BootleggersBootleggers

People who sell People who sell illegal alcohol to illegal alcohol to consumers.consumers.

Organized Crime Organized Crime (mafia) controlled (mafia) controlled most of the most of the bootlegging bootlegging operations in the operations in the United States. United States.

Al CaponeAl Capone Criminals formed large, efficient organizations Criminals formed large, efficient organizations

that controlled the distribution of alcoholthat controlled the distribution of alcohol– Successful bootleggers often expanded into other Successful bootleggers often expanded into other

illegal activities: gambling, prostitution, & illegal activities: gambling, prostitution, & racketeering (racketeering is illegal activity that racketeering (racketeering is illegal activity that benefits organized crime organization)benefits organized crime organization)

– Al CaponeAl Capone ran the most notorious gang ran the most notorious gang

Organized crime Organized crime was dangerous, as was dangerous, as shown here in the shown here in the aftermath of the aftermath of the St. St. Valentine’s Day Valentine’s Day massacre, where massacre, where members Al members Al Capone’s Italian Capone’s Italian mob murdered 7 mob murdered 7 people, most of people, most of them members of them members of Chicago’s Irish mob.Chicago’s Irish mob.

2121stst Amendment Amendment

By 1932, Prohibition had worn out By 1932, Prohibition had worn out it’s welcome. Senator John Blaine of it’s welcome. Senator John Blaine of Wisconsin proposed the 21Wisconsin proposed the 21stst Amendment which Amendment which repealed the repealed the 1818thth Amendment Amendment..

This meant that it was legal for This meant that it was legal for adults in the United States to drink adults in the United States to drink alcohol again once the amendment alcohol again once the amendment was adopted in 1933was adopted in 1933

Modernism v. Modernism v. FundamentalismFundamentalism

Philosophy that Philosophy that emphasizes emphasizes science and science and secular ideas.secular ideas.

Popular in urban Popular in urban areasareas

Philosophy that Philosophy that emphasizes emphasizes traditional and traditional and religious ideas. religious ideas.

Every word in the Every word in the Bible is the literal Bible is the literal truth.truth.

Popular in rural Popular in rural areasareas

Evolution and The Evolution and The Scopes TrialScopes Trial Clash of Clash of

Modernism v. Modernism v. FundamentalismFundamentalism

Johns Scopes, a Johns Scopes, a high school biology high school biology teacher in teacher in Tennessee, taught Tennessee, taught Darwin’s Theory of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. This Evolution. This was illegal.was illegal.

1925 Scopes Trial (Monkey 1925 Scopes Trial (Monkey Trial)Trial)

Clarence Darrow and Wiiliam Jennings Bryan

Scopes Lawyer and Scopes Prosecutor

1925 Scopes Trial (Monkey 1925 Scopes Trial (Monkey Trial)Trial)

Scopes was found guilty and fined Scopes was found guilty and fined $100$100

The conflict of evolution still The conflict of evolution still continues today.continues today.

Consumer Revolution: Consumer Revolution: Installment BuyingInstallment Buying In the 1920s, a flood In the 1920s, a flood

of new, affordable of new, affordable products became products became available to the available to the public.public.

Those who did not Those who did not have the cash, good have the cash, good buy these products buy these products using using installment installment buyingbuying – – Consumers would Consumers would make a small down make a small down payment and then payment and then pay off the rest in pay off the rest in regular monthly regular monthly payments.payments.

Stock MarketStock Market

During the 1920s, stock During the 1920s, stock prices began to rise. More prices began to rise. More and more Americans and more Americans bought stock in hopes of bought stock in hopes of getting rich quick.getting rich quick.

Buying on MarginBuying on Margin allowed people to buy a allowed people to buy a stock by only putting down stock by only putting down 10% of what the stock was 10% of what the stock was worth and then paying the worth and then paying the balance over a matter of balance over a matter of months.months.

Consumer Revolution: Consumer Revolution: Automobile and other Automobile and other new productsnew products Henry Ford, with Henry Ford, with

the use of mass the use of mass production and production and the assembly line, the assembly line, allowed his cars to allowed his cars to be produced be produced cheaply and make cheaply and make the selling price the selling price affordable for affordable for most Americans.most Americans.

By 1927, a Model By 1927, a Model T sold for only T sold for only $290.$290.

Mass MediaMass Media

Radio and Phonograph Radio and Phonograph helped produce a helped produce a standardized culture.standardized culture.

Radios brought distant Radios brought distant events into millions of events into millions of homes.homes.

Phonograph allowed Phonograph allowed people to listen to the people to listen to the songs they heard on songs they heard on the radio anytime they the radio anytime they wanted.wanted.

Mass Media - MoviesMass Media - Movies

Most movies in the Most movies in the 1920s were silent 1920s were silent movies. Movies only movies. Movies only cost a few cents to see.cost a few cents to see.

Famous movie stars of Famous movie stars of the time – Charlie the time – Charlie Chaplin, Rudolf Chaplin, Rudolf ValentinoValentino

Silent movies were Silent movies were replaced with “talkies” replaced with “talkies” with the 1927 movie with the 1927 movie The Jazz Singer.The Jazz Singer.

American Sports American Sports HeroesHeroes

Babe Ruth – Babe Ruth – BaseballBaseball

Red Grange – Red Grange – FootballFootball

Jack Dempsey – Jack Dempsey – BoxingBoxing

Bobby Jones – GolfBobby Jones – Golf Bill Tilden - TennisBill Tilden - Tennis

American HeroesAmerican Heroes Charles Lindbergh Charles Lindbergh

(Lucky Lindy)(Lucky Lindy) Flew solo across Flew solo across

the Atlantic from the Atlantic from New York to Paris.New York to Paris.

Single engine Single engine plane – plane – The Spirit The Spirit of St. Louisof St. Louis

Flight took 33-1/2 Flight took 33-1/2 hourshours

Women’s Changing Women’s Changing RolesRoles

The Flapper – The Flapper – more liberated, more liberated, wore dresses with wore dresses with shorter hems, shorter hems, wore makeup, wore makeup, hair was cut in a hair was cut in a “bob”, lived for “bob”, lived for her own her own happinesshappiness

Women’s Changing Women’s Changing RolesRoles

Once women got Once women got the right to vote, the right to vote, NAWSA NAWSA encouraged encouraged women to run for women to run for office.office.

NWP pushed for NWP pushed for an equal rights an equal rights amendmentamendment

Nellie Tayloe RossFirst woman governor Wyoming (1924)

Modern Art and Modern Art and LiteratureLiterature

WWI changed the way writers and WWI changed the way writers and artists viewed the world.artists viewed the world.

They became cynical and pessimisticThey became cynical and pessimistic Art was less representational more Art was less representational more

abstract abstract

Lost GenerationLost Generation

Writer’s in the Writer’s in the 1920s who no 1920s who no longer had faith longer had faith in society and in society and disillusioned with disillusioned with American lifeAmerican life

Many of them Many of them moved to Europe, moved to Europe, mostly France, mostly France, because of this.because of this.

Ernest Hemingway

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance ““Rebirth” of African-Rebirth” of African-

American cultureAmerican culture ““New Negro” – would New Negro” – would

not tolerate the old not tolerate the old ways of exploitation ways of exploitation and discriminationand discrimination

Harlem attracted Harlem attracted African American African American novelists, poets and novelists, poets and journalistsjournalists

Langston Hughes

Zora Neale Hurston

JazzJazz Musical Musical

style and style and symbol of symbol of the 1920sthe 1920s

DemonstratiDemonstration of the on of the depth and depth and richness of richness of African African American American culture.culture.

Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey ““Back to Africa” Back to Africa”

movementmovement Promoted Black Promoted Black

Nationalism Nationalism Was in favor of Was in favor of

separating the separating the racesraces

The Nation of Islam The Nation of Islam and the Black Power and the Black Power Movement of the Movement of the 1960s owed much 1960s owed much of their philosophy of their philosophy to Marcus Garvey.to Marcus Garvey.