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The Role of Communication & Meteorological Satellites in The Role of Communication & Meteorological Satellites in Disaster Management SupportDisaster Management Support
-- Experience of ISROExperience of ISRO
Presentation By
Indian Delegation
43rd Session of S&T Session of UN COPUOS
23rd Feb. 2006 , Vienna
DISASTERS IN INDIA - VULNERABILITY
Key Vulnerability:• 5700 Km Long Coastline -
Cyclone-prone
• 40 Mha - Flood-prone
• 68% of Net Sown Area (116 Districts) - Drought-prone
• 55% Total Area - Seismic Zones III - V
• Sub-Himalayan/ Western Ghats - Landslide-prone
Pest & Diseases
Thunderstorms
0 2 4 6 8 10
Flood
Earthquake
Drought
Cyclone
Forest fires
Epidemics
Hailstorms
Tornado
Landslides
Severity Index (Last 50 yrs Data)Analysis based on Extent affected (Population, Area); Loss to Economy, Lives; Frequency of incidence
Super-cyclone in Orissa during 28-30 Oct 1999
Meteorological imagery from INSAT-2E
Damage due to Earthquake in Bhuj – 26 Jan 2001
Areas affected by Tsunami of 2004 in India
• The worst affected area – An archipelago of 572 islands called Andaman & Nicobar Islands
• Three coastal districts of TamilNadu State in South India.
• The coastal areas of State of Pondicherry.
• One district of Kerala State in South India.
• Two districts in Andhra Pradesh.
SPACE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
FLOOD FLOOD MAPMAP
DROUGHT DROUGHT MAPMAP
DAMAGEDAMAGEMAPMAP
HAZARD HAZARD ZONESZONES
RISKRISKMAPMAP
Observation for Information
Information for Decision
Decision for Action
INSAT IMAGES INSAT IMAGES SHOWING THE SHOWING THE CYCLONE CYCLONE MOVEMENTMOVEMENT
SUPER CYCLONE
OVER ORISSA COAST
28 Oct-3gmt28 Oct-6gmt28 Oct-9gmt29 Oct-3gmt29 Oct-6gmt29 Oct-9gmt30 Oct-3gmt30 Oct-6gmt30 Oct-9gmt
ØØ CYCLONE FORECASTS BASED ON INSAT VHRR CYCLONE FORECASTS BASED ON INSAT VHRR IMAGESIMAGES
ØØ USE OF MESOSCALE MODELS FOR IMPROVING USE OF MESOSCALE MODELS FOR IMPROVING TRACK FORECASTTRACK FORECAST
INSAT Pictures of Nov. 9, 2005 55 mm Rain at SHAR during 1000-1430 IST
IRS WiFS based NDVI
May-July 2001
Severely drought affected districts
DROUGHT MONITORING
KARNATAKA STATE
Increasing NDVI
May-July 2000
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16Fortnight
1987 1988 1999
Excess (1988)
Normal (1991)
Drought (1987)
BHIWANI DISTRICT
Satellite derivedNDVI
TODAY, 2004
PSLV GSLV
ARYABHATA19.04.75
GSAT-208.05.03
KALPANA-112.09.02 INSAT-2E
03.04.99
INSAT-3B22.03.00
INSAT-3A10.04.03
IRS-1C28.12.95
IRS-P321.03.96
IRS-1D29.09.97
IRS-P617.10.03
INSAT-3E28.09.03
TES22.10.01
INSAT-3C24.01.02
IRS-P426.05.99
Applications driven programmeSelf reliance in building & launching satellites
ONEAMONG
THESIX
NATIONS
42+ 4 Missions
8
2
Four Decades of Indian Space ProgrammeLA
UN
CH
VEH
ICLE
SATE
LLIT
EA
PP
LICA
TION
S
IRS-P505.05.05
• 2.5 m resolution, 30 Km Swath
• Stereo mission; +26° / -5°forward/ Aft view
• Revisit : 5 days
• Along Track Stereo viewing -first of its kind in the world
CARTOSAT-1
CARTOSAT-1 Image
Airborne SAR data over Bihar StateDarbhanga Area
Kansi
Jalwara
Rampur
*
*
*
Sabhan*
Khi
rol N
adi
DARBHANGA
LAHERIA SARAI
Baghmati River
Kamrauli
*
Baliya*
Banauli *
Yaunga *
Dih Rampur *
Panchobh* Mahnauli*
Kamalpur *Baghla *
Baghia*
Taralahi * Chandih *
Ekmighat*
Badhbasti* Simra *
Bajrdpur*
Ballapur*
Baluwahi
*
Manlari
*Ganawli*
Kadaria*
Bharaul
*
Chatiriya*
FLOOD INUNDATION
During Floods – Airborne SAR data of 24-Jul-2004
Affected Embankment
ISRO Telemedicine
Network
Pre-Event Post-Event
E-Governance
Emergency Communication
Telemedicine
Tele-education: Broadband System
Tele-Medicine: Broadband SystemDisaster Management Support: Emergency Communication, Vulnerability, Risk & Early WarningSpatial Info. support, Weather info., Farmers Advisory services, ..Access to: Telephone, Fax,
Internet
Multi-tasking
Satcom/ VSATs:Deployable terminals, Mobile WLL VSATs
Space + Other IT-enabled Services
Programmatic Response to Tsunami
Multi-Tasking for Disaster Reduction
Tsunami affected A& N Islands
TrinkatIsland
Used for locatingthe missing children..
IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 21-Dec-04 IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 26-Dec-04
Katchal Islandbefore & after Tsunami
Cyclone Warning Centre
Earth Station
CC--Band Uplink
Band Uplink
SS --B
and
Dow
nlin
kB
and
Dow
nlin
k Cyclone Formation
Locale-specific Early Warning SystemCyclone Warning Dissemination System (CWDS)
More than 250 CWDS Installed in the Coastal AreasFocus: Track, Intensity, Landfall predictions
InputsINSAT VHRR Imaging/Cyclone TrackingCyclone Warning
INSAT MSS Ground Terminals
• Type-D terminal– Briefcase terminal with solar panel on the cover, and battery back-up.– Two-way voice link capability.– Uplink and downlink work in S-band.– Development & evaluation completed, units under field trial.– Serviced by a central Hub with DAMA NMS.
U/L
2670
– 2690
MHz
D/
L 25
00 – 25
20 M
Hz
PILO
T CAR
RIER
U/L 6450 – 6470 MHz
D/L 3680 – 3689 MHz
M O B ILE R E M O TE TE R M IN A L
M O B ILE R E M O TE TE R M IN A L
11 M C -B A N D
2.1 M S -B A N D
U/L 2670 – 2690 MHz
D/L 2500 – 2520 MHz
H U B E Q U IP M E N TS
H U B N E TW O R K
P S TN / D A TA / FA X
U/L
2670
– 2690
MHz
D/
L 25
00 – 25
20 M
Hz
PILO
T CAR
RIER
U/L 6450 – 6470 MHz
D/L 3680 – 3689 MHz
M O B ILE R E M O TE TE R M IN A L
M O B ILE R E M O TE TE R M IN A L
11 M C -B A N D
2.1 M S -B A N D
U/L 2670 – 2690 MHz
D/L 2500 – 2520 MHz
H U B E Q U IP M E N TS
H U B N E TW O R K
P S TN / D A TA / FA X
Strengthening of Observation Network
Automatic Weather Station (AWS)Developed thro’ Industry Partnership
• Large No. of AWS -replacing human observers world over
• Facilitate frequent/ continuous observations
• Data transmission via satellite to receiving station; and directly as input to numerical models
• Large No. of AWS -replacing human observers world over
• Facilitate frequent/ continuous observations
• Data transmission via satellite to receiving station; and directly as input to numerical models
Met. Sensor Data
Data Processing
Center
Satellite Transmitter
Dedicated Team/ User
Dept.
Strengthening of Observation Network Doppler Weather Radar
IMD - ISRO Doppler Weather Radar at Sriharikota
• Continuous monitoring of severe weather events
• Key parameters for atmospheric studies
• Urgent need to expand the Radar network to cover entire coastal areas, NE region, major cities, …
• Continuous monitoring of severe weather events
• Key parameters for atmospheric studies
• Urgent need to expand the Radar network to cover entire coastal areas, NE region, major cities, …
Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …)
Other Sources(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO)
Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …)
Other Sources(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO)
Satellite Data Programmingand
Acquisition(NRSA Earth Station / NDC)
Satellite Data Programmingand
Acquisition(NRSA Earth Station / NDC)
Acquisition of data
ASAR/ALTM/DC etc. ASAR/ALTM/DC etc.
Flight Planning Flight Planning
Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC
Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC
Defense clearance Defense clearance
Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High
Resolution• Optical Microwave
Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High
Resolution• Optical Microwave
Hardware & software
Hardware & software
Customized Analysis ToolsCustomized
Analysis Tools
Data Analysis
Outputs
Dissemination to UsersVSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.
Database, Knowledge Banks
Database, Knowledge Banks
Ground / Ancillary Information
Ground / Ancillary Information
Decision Support Centre at NRSA, Hyderabad
ALERT(Advance) Info.
on Disaster
DMS - Infrastructure
Imaging ‘Hot spot’
Met/OceanObservation
Emergencycommunication
HighResolution Imaging
Laser Terrain Mapper
All weather mapping
Real TimeMapping
Aerospace Systems
Decision Support Centre
(DSC)
Rapid Mapping Vulnerability,
Risk…
Usercommunity
Knowledge networks
Institutional Interfaces
Policy / Management
decision
ScientificInputs
ConcernsInputs
Communications BackboneTerrestrial & Satellite based (Mobile Terminals, VSAT, WLL VSATs, CWDS, S&R, ..)
Virtual Private Network under DMS
.
.
.
...
...
Knowledge Institutions
State Emergency
Centres
VPN
N
5
4
3
2
1
N
5
4
3
2
1Decision Support Centre Nodal Agency
Prime Minister of India talking to Tsunami disaster affected people, with satellite communication antenna in the background.
ConclusionThe Disaster Management Support programme of ISRO is the outcome of the extensive efforts put towards optimally utilizing the capabilities of the space systems to provide critical inputs to the disaster management efforts.