the scrublands wild, mild, and beautiful mrs. carter
TRANSCRIPT
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The ScrublandsWild, Mild, and Beautiful
Mrs. Carter
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Where in the world are the Scrublands?
Scrublands occupy less than 5% of earth’s total land massMostly between 30° and 40° latitude North and South of the Equator
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Scrubland Aliases
Maquis in Europe
Matorral in Chile
Mallee in Australia
Fynbos in South Africa
Chaparral in the Southwestern United States
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Terrain of the Scrublands
Extremely varied even on one continent
Coastal plains
Furrowed valleys
Rolling hills
Rocky mountains
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Climate of the Scrublands
Often called a Mediterranean ClimateMild, wet wintersAverage winter temp 50°F15-25 inches of rain during winter months
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Climate of the Scrublands
Hot, dry summers
Average temperature 64°F, but may reach 100°F
Very little rain
Drought and fire common
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Threats to the Scrublands
Development threatens remaining wild areas
Fire most dangerous natural threat – but also required for biome health
California Chaparral wildfires made worse by Santa Ana winds
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Threats to the Scrublands
Invasive plant species primary carrier of wildfire
Frequent fires increase non-native plant species
Red Brome & Cheatgrass
Invasive
Plant Species
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Threats to the Scrublands
Scrublands -- fire adapted biome
Native flora – regenerates when fire frequency is >15 years
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Threats to the Scrublands
Fire destroys ground cover
Mudslides – secondary natural threat
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Scrubland Plants
Shrubs most common plant form
Small leaves, waxy coating retain water
Deep tap roots, shallow root system maximize water retention
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Chaparral Yucca
Native to the New World
Can only be pollinated by the Yucca moth
Takes 6 to 7 years for plant to produce blooms, then it dies
Flowers bloom in spring -- can be 12 feet tall
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Manzanita
Native perennial shrub of Sierra Chaparral
Seeds will not germinate unless burned
Fire suppression = no new growth Manzanita
Used to treat mild urinary tract infections and kidney inflammations
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Saltmarsh Bird’s Beak
Annual plant – lives for only one year
Semi-parasitic – uses pickleweed and salt grass to extend growing season
Grows only in saltmarshes of the San Diego County California Chaparral
Endangered species
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King Protea
Native to South Africa
National flower of South Africa
Flower can measure 1 foot across
Takes in moisture through its leaves
Endangered – few grow wild – most cultivated
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Olive Tree
Oldest known cultivated tree
Some trees live for a thousand years
Requires hot dry summers and slightly chilly winters to produce fruit
Small leaves with protective coating reduces transpiration
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Scrubland Animals
Adapt habits to avoid heat of summer days
Possess physical adaptations for cooling and protection from extreme heat and dryness
Dietary habits maximize water retention
Threatened by loss of habitat
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Cape Grysbok
Endemic to South African fynbos
Related to the antelope
Only 25 pounds and 21 inches tall
Nocturnal
Can go for long periods without water
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Iberian Lynx
Native to Spain’s Mediterranean Maquis
Endangered -- fewer than 1,000 left in the world
Only 250 mature animals capable of breeding exist
Decline due to loss of habitat and prey
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San Joachim Kit Fox
Native to San Joachim Valley
Nocturnal
Prey includes ground squirrels, gophers, birds, rabbits, insects
Predators include coyotes, red foxes and man
Large ears help animal keep cool
Threatened
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Black Tailed Jackrabbit
Misnamed – really a hare
Large ears help regulate body heat
Soles of feet covered in fur – protection against scorching
Eat food, excrete it, then eat their excrement to retain as much moisture as possible through food
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Cactus Wren
Largest wren in the United States
Breed in successional Chaparral scrub (scrub regenerating after fire)
Do not migrate
Very territorial
Insects – main food source
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Save the Scrublands
Scrubland only occupies 5% of the earth’s total land mass
Scrubland supports 20% of the earth’s plants species
Small isolated areas on five continents
Each area is unique
The Australian Mallee
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Save the Scrublands
The Fynbos -- home to 6,000 plants that can’t be found anywhere else in the world
Over 1,000 species are endangered
The South African Fynbos
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Save the Scrublands
Urban sprawl, agriculture, extensive grazing -- major threats
1,500 endemic plant species
15 endemic bird species The Chilean Matorral
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Save the Scrublands
Scrublands around the world – rapidly disappearing due to development
Scrubland biome – in danger of being lost forever
The Mediteranean Maquis
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Works CitedArmstrong, W. P. The Yucca and Its Moth. 2000. Date Retreived 20 Feb. 2007
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0902a.htm
California Chaparral and Woodlands. 2001. World Wildlife Fund. Date Retrieved 20 Feb 2007. http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/g200/g121.html
Chaparral. 2000. Date Retrieved 20 Feb. 2007. http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/chaparral.htm
Chaparral. Date Retrieved 20 Feb. 2007. http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/nceas-web/kids/biomes/chaparral.htm
Chaparral and Fire. 2006. California Native Plant Society. 20 Feb. 2007. http://www.cnps.org/programs/education/chaparral.htm
Chillean Matorral. 2001. World Wildlife Fund. Date Retrieved 20 Feb. 2007. http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/g200/g122.html
Desert Scrub. 2003. Explore Biodiversity and The Wild Classroom. Date Retrieved 20 Feb. 2007. http://www.thewildclassroom.com/biomes/biomes/desertscrub.html
Mediterranean Scrublands. 1996. Date Retrieved 20 Feb. 2007.http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/medit/medit.html