The Steam EngineThe Steam Engine

Pre-SteamPre-SteamBoilersBoilersAtmospheric EngineAtmospheric EngineCondensing EngineCondensing EngineDouble-Acting EngineDouble-Acting Engine

Pre-SteamPre-Steam

Hero of AlexandriaHero of Alexandria1st Century AD1st Century ADDescribed Boiler and Reaction TurbineDescribed Boiler and Reaction TurbineNo Suggestion for Useful Application of DeviceNo Suggestion for Useful Application of Device

16th Century - Descriptive Publications16th Century - Descriptive Publications17th Century - Beginning of Steam’s Practical 17th Century - Beginning of Steam’s Practical

UsageUsage

Hero’s EngineHero’s Engine

Boilers - TypesBoilers - TypesShell (1720s)Shell (1720s)

Kettle on StoveKettle on StoveInefficient - Loss of HeatInefficient - Loss of Heat

Heat Tube (1750s)Heat Tube (1750s)Tredgold - LondonTredgold - London

Fire Tube (1750s)Fire Tube (1750s)Limited in Capacity and PressureLimited in Capacity and PressureSusceptible to ExplosionsSusceptible to ExplosionsSmeatonSmeatonTrevithick (1804) - 65 psi, 25 inch bore, 10 ft strokeTrevithick (1804) - 65 psi, 25 inch bore, 10 ft stroke

Boilers - Types (continued)Boilers - Types (continued)Water Tube (1770s)Water Tube (1770s)

Blakey (1766) - First BuiltBlakey (1766) - First BuiltRumsey (1788) - First SuccessfulRumsey (1788) - First SuccessfulJohn Stevens - Lawyer (1800s)John Stevens - Lawyer (1800s)

First Patents in 1790

Improved Water Tube (1850s)Improved Water Tube (1850s)Wilcox (1856)Wilcox (1856)

Multiple Inclined Water TubesBetter Water CirculationMore Heating Surface

Babcock & Wilcox (1866)Babcock & Wilcox (1866)

Boilers - ConstructionBoilers - Construction

MaterialsMaterialsCopperCopperCast IronCast IronRolled Iron Plates - 5/16” (1795)Rolled Iron Plates - 5/16” (1795)SteelSteel

FabricationFabricationBolts & RivetsBolts & RivetsWeldingWelding

Boilers - ExplosionsBoilers - Explosions Poor MaterialsPoor Materials High PressureHigh Pressure Pressure ReleasePressure Release Theoretical ConsiderationsTheoretical Considerations Fabrication Techniques - RivetsFabrication Techniques - Rivets High Heat InputHigh Heat Input Poor Distribution of HeatPoor Distribution of Heat Direct HeatingDirect Heating Poor CirculationPoor Circulation

Haycock’s Shell Boiler (1720)Haycock’s Shell Boiler (1720)

Tredgold’s Heat Tube (1750)Tredgold’s Heat Tube (1750)

Blakey’s Water Tube Boiler (1766)Blakey’s Water Tube Boiler (1766)

Smeaton’s Fire Tube Boiler (1770)Smeaton’s Fire Tube Boiler (1770)

Wagon - Shell Boiler (1769)Wagon - Shell Boiler (1769)

Steven’s Water Tube Boiler (1803)Steven’s Water Tube Boiler (1803)

Trevithick’s Fire Tube Boiler (1804)Trevithick’s Fire Tube Boiler (1804)

Stevens - Water Tube Boiler (1805)Stevens - Water Tube Boiler (1805)

Stephen Wilcox (1856)Stephen Wilcox (1856)

Babcock & Wilcox (1867)Babcock & Wilcox (1867)

Babcock & Wilcox (1887)Babcock & Wilcox (1887)