the swiss banking secrecy: ubi abscondis?

7/22/2019 The Swiss Banking secrecy: Ubi abscondis?

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Vlc ^wbss Jhokbod scnrcny7

Sjb hjsniofbs9"Tly fics ^wbtzcrahof's fcnbsbio bo :002, ti niipcrhtc

wbtl itlcr sthtcs bo nhsc im mbsnha cvhsbio, ehrk h turobod

pibot bo bts lbstiry im ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny9"

Jhnlcair tlcsbs bo Botcrohtbioha Zcahtbios

uofcr tlc fbrcntbio im Prim. Fr. Ehry I'^uaabvho (Lhrvhrf Sobvcrsbty)

Hhfba Httbh

Hnhfcebnha ychr :088-:08:


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:

Niotcot

8. Botrifuntbio >

:. Chray sthdcs:.8 Tlht lhppcocf9 =:.: Ohtbioha niotcxt Botcrohtbioha niotcxt 88

>. Viwhrfs hof ht tlc cof im Tiraf Thr BB>.8 Tlht lhppcocf9 84>.: Ohtbioha niotcxt 8.> Botcrohtbioha niotcxt :8

6.

Zcncot quhrrca

6.8 Tlht lhppcocf9 :=6.: Ohtbioha niotcxt : Botcrohtbioha niotcxt >>

3. Nionausbio >=

=. Jbjabidrhply >

8. Botrifuntbio

Vlc daijha cnioiebn nrbsbs bo :00< nrchtcf tlc niotcxt mir h niomabnt jctwcco tlc ICNF sthtcs

hof ^wbtzcrahof bo :002.8Ht tlc daijha niomcrconc im tlc D-:0 bo :002, Pccr ^tcbojrnk, tlc

Dcreho mbohonc ebobstcr, nhaacf mir tlc supprcssbio im "thx ihscs". Eircivcr, tlc Dcrehos

hof tlc Hecrbnhos wcrc tlrchtcobod ti put ^wbtzcrahof io h "jahnk abst" bm ^wbtzcrahof fbfo't

beprivc bts bomirehtbio cxnlhodc bo tlc mbohonbha scntir. Hnnirfbod ti ^tcbojrnk, "tlbs jahnk

abst rcprcscotcf tlc nhvhary bo Mirt Rueh wlbnl nho jc rbffco iut, jut ficso't lhvc ti. Vlc

Bofbhos wiuaf ioay lhvc ti koiw tlht bt cxbsts.":Lc whs trybod ti ehkc nachr ti ^wbtzcrahof

tlht oit haa kbof im jclhvbiur io tlc botcrohtbioha acvca wiuaf jc hnncptcf mrie oiw io hof

scvcrc echsurcs niuaf jc thkco.

Vlbs sthtcecot ehfc jy tlc Dcreho mbohonbha ebobstcr bs ioc im tlc htthnks ahuonlcf hdhbost

^wbtzcrahof's piabny bo botcrohtbioha mbsnha ehttcrs. ^wbtzcrahof lhs jcco tlc thrdct im

fbmmcrcot typcs im nlhaacodcs mrie itlcr niuotrbcs. Vlcsc htthnks lhf sthrtcf jcmirc tlc ^wbss

jhokbod scnrcny's mireha nifbmbnhtbio bo 82>6. Bo :002, ^wbtzcrahof fcnbfcf ti niipcrhtc vcry

jrihfay wbtl sthtcs bo cspcnbhaay mbsnha ehttcrs wbtl itlcr sthtcs. Vlbs fcnbsbio bo :002, bs

rcdhrfcf hs h kcy cvcot bo ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny's lbstiry wlbnl lhs bomauconcf hof nlhodcf

^wbtzcrahof's piabny bo tcres im niipcrhtbio bo mbsnha ehttcrs wbtl itlcr sthtcs.>

Vlbs "lbstirbnha fcnbsbio" hs Ghobnk Ehrboh ^nlhummcajucla nhaas bt, lhs nlhodcf ^wbtzcrahof's

piabny bo mbsnha niipcrhtbio ehttcrs, hs mir h aiod tbec ^wbss mcfcrha hutlirbtbcs rcmuscf ti

niipcrhtc wbtl hoy sthtc io hoy kbof im bomirehtbio cxnlhodc. Vlbs rcmusha whs rcmacntcf bo

8TC^PB. :002. p.68

:HZF. Vhdcssnlhu. Fbc Tut fcr ^nlwcbzcr jcr Pcbtsnlco uof Khvhaacrbc. Pujabslcf io tlc 06.0^NLHSMMCAJSCLA. :080. p.6=


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tlc wbtlliafbod im bomirehtbio hjiut muofs, hnniuots, hof pripcrty wlbnl nustiecrs fbf oit

fcnahrc bo tlcbr liec niuotry.6

Vlbs Jhnlcair tlcsbs hbes ti hohayzc tlrcc bepirthot cvcots, bo wlbnl tlc ^wbss prhntbnc imjhokbod scnrcny lhs mirncf tlc ^wbss sthtc ti hnt, hs tlbs prhntbnc lhs nrchtcf sbtuhtbios upio

wlbnl itlcr sthtcs htthnkcf tlc ^wbss jhoks. Mbrst im haa tlc Phrbs hmmhbr, ho cvcot bo 82>:

wlbnl nrchtcf ho botcroha snhofha bo Mrhonc hof nhuscf triujac jctwcco Mrhonc hof

^wbtzcrahof, wbaa jc hohayzcf. ^cniof, B wbaa fbsnuss tlc niomabnt jctwcco ^wbtzcrahof hof tlc

Haabcf Mirncs tiwhrfs tlc cof im Tiraf Thr :, wlbnl boviavcf tlc schrnl mir aiitcf muofs bo

^wbtzcrahof hof itlcr bssucs. Mbohaay, tlc tlbrf phrt wbaa hohayzc tlc rcncot quhrrca bo :002. Bo

chnl nhsc, B hohayzc tlc botcrohtbioha niotcxt hs wcaa hs tlc ohtbioha niotcxt bo ^wbtzcrahof jy

hffrcssbod ^wbtzcrahofs httbtufc tiwhrfs itlcr sthtcs. Vlc rchsio wly B lhvc phrtbnuahray

nlisco tlcsc tlrcc cvcots bs tlht mbrstay, tlcy lhvc siec nlhrhntcrbstbns bo nieeio sunl hs ioc

ir eirc sthtcs htthnkbod ^wbtzcrahof's jhokbod scnrcny. ^cniofay, haa tlrcc cvcots boviavc

sbebahr ^wbss ohtbioha hntirs (sunl hs phrtbcs, prbvhtc jhokcrs, ...), wlbnl ehkcs bt chsbcr ti

niephrc tlc tlrcc cvcots. Liwcvcr B nlisc tlrcc cvcots, wlbnl fbmmcr bo tbec. Vlc Phrbs hmmhbr

bs nlisco, hs tlc hmmhbr hof bts nioscquconcs ahstcf mrie 82>: ti 82>4 (si, furbod twi Tiraf

Thrs) hof jcnhusc tlc ^wbss Jhokbod scnrcny whs mirehaay nifbmbcf bo tlc shec pcrbif. Vlc

scniof nhsc bs nlisco, hs bt lhppcocf gust ht tlc cof im Tiraf Thr :, tlus furbod h pcrbif bo

wlbnl tlc wiraf whs sthrtbod ti fbvbfc boti twi jainks (Chst hof Tcst). Vlc tlbrf cvcot bo

:002 whs nlisco hs bt innurrcf hmtcr tlc niaahpsc im tlc Nieeuobst jain bo 82


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Vlc lypitlcsbs ti tlc qucstbios hjivc, sliuaf jc miuof io tlc botcrohtbioha acvca, hs

^nlhummcajucla lhs hrducf jut h eirc sbdobmbnhot phrt im tlc hoswcr wbaa jc miuof io tlc

ohtbioha acvca. ^i mhr ^nlhummcajucla lhs hrducf tlht tlc botcrohtbioha niirfbohtcf cmmirts im

sthtcs bo :002 niepuascf ^wbtzcrahof ti nioncfc. B wbaa hrduc tlht tlbs niirfbohtbio whs fuc

ti tlc niaahpsc im tlc jbpiahr systce (hmtcr 82


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=

:. Chray ^thdcs

:.8 Tlht lhppcocf9

Bo Intijcr 82>:, tlc Jhsacr Lhofcasjhok (Jhsca Nieecrnbha Jhok) rcncbvcf botcrohtbioha

httcotbio fuc ti ho cvcot wlbnl bs nhaacf ir koiwo uofcr tlc ohec im "Phrbs hmmhbr" ir bo

Mrconl tcres "mrhufcs mbsnhacs Phrbs".4

Vwi Mrconl piabnceco hrrcstcf h fbrcntir, vbnc-fbrcntir hof hoitlcr rcspiosbjac im tlc JNJ

bo ho hphrtecot bo Phrbs. Vlc tlrcc eco wcrc phybod fbvbfcofs ti Mrconl nustiecrs wli lhf

oit fcnahrcf tlisc rcvcoucs ti tlc Mrconl thx hutlirbtbcs. Io tip im tlht, tlc piabnc miuof h abst

im 8000 ti :000 Mrconl nbtbzcos' ohecs


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jcco niebod mrie tlc muofs fcpisbtcf bo ^wbtzcrahof wlbnl Mrhonc whs bo occf im hmtcr tlc

Mbrst Tiraf Thr.

Bo Oivcejcr 82>:, tlc hmmhbr nrchtcf h ohtbioha fcjhtc wbtlbo Mrhonc. Furbod h lchtcffbsnussbio wbtlbo tlc Mrconl Phrabhecot, ioc im tlc sinbhabst phrty ecejcrs rcvchacf tlc

ohecs im tlc thx fifdcrs. Heiodst tlisc wcrc twi Jbslips, scvcrha dcocrhas, tlc iwocr im

tlc ocwsphpcr "ac Mbdhri", twcavc scohtirs hof ioc cx ebobstcr hof bofustrbhas sunl hs tlc

jritlcrs Pcudcit.86 Vlc ecotbio im tlc bofbvbfuhas boviavcf sliws tlht oit ioay prbvhtc, jut

cvco divcroecot immbnbhas wcrc bepabnhtcf bo tlc princss. Hs Mrhonc hntuhaay fbf haaiw tlc

pahncecot im muofs bo itlcr niuotrbcs hs aiod hs tlcy wcrc fcnahrcf ti tlc Mrconl thx

hutlirbtbcs, tlbs ehfc divcroecot immbnbhas acss nrcfbjac.83

Jcsbfcs nrchtbod h slirt tcre wbtlfrhwha im Mrconl nhpbthas mrie ^wbtzcrahof (wlbnl whs

siio rcvcrscf bo 82>=)8= tlc hrrcst acf ti h fbpaiehtbn hof piabtbnha nrbsbs jctwcco Mrhonc hof

^wbtzcrahof. Vlc nrcfbts im ^wbss jhoks bo Mrhonc wcrc (mrizco) im wlbnl


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:.82 Jcsbfcs tlcsc mhnts, tlc ^wbss cejhssy bo Phrbs bomirecf Jcroc bo

Fcncejcr 82>: tlht cspbiohdc hntbios wcrc thkbod pahnc jy tlc Mrconl divcroecot's scnrct

scrvbnc.:0

:.: Ohtbioha niotcxt

Tlco bo 82>8, h ^wbss jhok wcot jhokrupt, hoitlcr ioay survbvcf fuc ti ehssbvc lcap im tlc

Niomcfcrhtbio hof miur eirc lhf ti jc rcirdhobzcf sujsthotbhaay (iut im cbdlt ^wbss jhoks

cxbstbod bo titha), vibncs wcrc rhbscf hskbod mir nlhodc. Bo tlc ebffac im 82>8, tlc wirkcr's

eivcecot (rcprcscotcf jy tlc sinbhabst Phrty), wbfc scntirs im tlc mhrecrs (rcprcscotcf jy tlc^wbss mhrecrs' uobio) hof tlc ebffac nahsscs fcehofcf eirc niotria ivcr tlc mbohonbha scntir.

Ehboay, tlcsc driups whotcf twi tlbods. Mbrstay, tlcy wcrc hskbod mir tbdltcr niotria ivcr

jhokbod hntbvbtbcs, bo irfcr ti pritcnt tlc hsscts im aiwcr hof ebffac nahsscs. ^cniofay, tlcy

hskcf mir h rcstrbntbio im nhpbtha cxpirt bo irfcr ti mbdlt tlc lbdl botcrcst rhtcs, wlbnl lhf jcco

nhuscf jy tlc driwbod heiuots im nhpbtha jcbod bovcstcf hjrihf.:8

Vlc ^wbss divcroecot lhf jcco nhutbius mir h aiod wlbac jut mbohaay dhvc bo fuc ti tlc

piabtbnha prcssurc im tlc driups hof tlc fbmmbnuatbcs mhncf jy tlc mbohonbha csthjabslecots.::

Vlc fbsnussbio io tlc Phrbs hmmhbr bo ^wbtzcrahof btscam sthrtcf bo 82>> wlco Hapliosc Fuohot,

^wbss ebobstcr bo Phrbs shbf tlht tlc jhokcrs lhf jcco beprufcot ht tlbs innhsbio (rcmcrrbod ti

tlc Phrbs hmmhbr). Haa im h suffco, haa jhoks phrtbnbphtcf bo hoy kbof im fbsnussbio, tlc Mcfcrha

Niuonba ir tlc ^wbss Ohtbioha Jhok wcrc lhvbod wbtl tlc Mrconl hutlirbtbcs. Vlc ^wbss Jhok

nirpirhtbio hfiptcf bts irdhobzhtbio ti ehbothbo tlcbr rcahtbios wbtl Mrconl nustiecrs.

Tbaabhe ^nlwhrtz mir cxhepac whs hppibotcf jy tlc ^wbss Jhok Nirpirhtbio ti rcprcscot tlc

botcrcsts im tlc ^wbss Jhok Nirpirhtbio. Lc lcaf fbsnussbios wbtl Er. Jhrtlcact wli whs bo

82DSC\. :000. p.:64-:3=

:0JC^^IO. :006. p.:4 hof DSC\. :000. p.:64-:3=

:8DSC\. :000. p.:6>-:66::Bjbf.


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nlhrdc im tlc mbsnha boqubrbcs bo Mrhonc hdhbost ^wbss jhoks. ^nlwhrtz, fbf oit ioay cxpahbo

tlc wliac sbtuhtbio ti Jhrtlcact jut tlcy jcnhec mrbcofs. Vlco, Jhrtlcact priebscf ti bomire

^nlwhrtz bo hfvhonc, hjiut hoy pissbjac echsurcs wlbnl tlc Mrconl thx hutlirbtbcs wiuaf

thkc bo tlc muturc hdhbost tlc ^wbss jhok nirpirhtbio. ^i, wlbac tlc Jhsacr Lhofcasjhok whs

summcrbod mrie tlc aiss im nabcots hof mchrbod shontbios mrie tlc Mrconl hutlirbtbcs, itlcr

jhoks tiik hfvhothdc im tlbs sbtuhtbio.:>

Bo Ghouhry 82>> tlc Mcfcrha niuonba fcnbfcf ti frhmt h Jhokbod Ahw. H mbrst vcrsbio wlbnl

whs iutabocf bo Mcjruhry 82>> bonaufcf ho hrtbnac io tlc ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny. Vlbs jbaa (io

tlc ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny) whs nlhodcf furbod tlc prcphrabhecothry hof phrabhecothry

plhscs. Liwcvcr bt phsscf boti ahw bo Oivcejcr 82>6. Ducx shys tlht "[...U bt bs bepirthot ti

oitc tlht, furbod tlbs cotbrc pcrbif, tlc hrtbnac fchabod wbtl jhokbod scnrcny innhsbiocf oi

fcjhtc, oir whs bt eifbmbcf ti hoy oithjac fcdrcc.":6Bo itlcr wirfs, tlc vcrsbio im Mcjruhry

82>> lhf oit jcco nlhodcf sujsthotbhaay. Vlc nioscquconcs im hrtbnac 64 im tlc Jhokbod Ahw

ehfc h vbiahtbio im ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny sujgcnt ti pcoha ahw hof ehfc lchvy mbocs hof

beprbsioecot up ti sbx eiotls pissbjac.:3

Mbohaay Ducx sthtcs tlht "[tUlc hfiptbio im tlc 82>6 ahw tlus rcprcscotcf h niosbfcrhjac

rcbomirncecot im jhokbod scnrcny hof whs tlc mbrst tbec tlht tlbs prhntbnc ijthbocf h nachr

jhsbs bo mcfcrha ahw. [...U Jy rcnidobzbod tlht tlc shmcduhrfbod im jhokbod scnrcny whs bo tlc

pujabn botcrcst, tlc sthtc bo h ncrthbo scosc niomcrrcf io tlbs scnrcny ahw tlc sthtus im pujabn

wcha. Tbtl bts hfiptbio ^wbtzcrahof jcnhec, heiod cnioiebnhaay fcvcaipcf niuotrbcs, tlc

ioc wbtl jy mhr tlc eist rbdiriusay pritcntcf jhokbod scnrcny ahw.":=

:>PCZZCOISF / APCW. :00:. p.=4-40

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Mrie 82>3 io, tlc qucstbio io tlc fiujac thxhtbio trchty wirrbcf tlc ^wbss jhokbod scntir.

^wbss bofustrbhas wli wcrc prcscot bo Mrhonc wcrc trybod ti ijthbo thx rcabcms mrie tlc Mrconl

hutlirbtbcs bo tlcbr scntir, hs Mrhonc whotcf ti thx haa jusbocss hntbvbty wlbnl mircbdo mbres

lhf rchabzcf bo Mrhonc. Vlc Jhsacr Lhofcasjhok whs nioncrocf prbehrbay jy tlcsc httcepts.

Bo Ghouhry 82>3, ^wbss jhoks wcrc mchrbod tlht bm Mrconl hutlirbtbcs wiuaf lhvc rcncbvcf hoy

bomirehtbio im ^wbss hnniuots, "tlbs wiuaf jc cxtrcecay prcgufbnbha ti tlc botcrcsts im ^wbss

jhoks.":4

Vlc botcrcstbod tlbod bs tlht tlc jhokbod scntir whs oit lieidcocius. Vlc prbvhtc jhokbod

scntir niosbfcrcf tlc httbtufc im tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio ti jc tii nionurrcot wbtl tlc

botcrcsts im tlc jbd jhoks hof tlc bofustrbha scntir bo ^wbtzcrahof, wlbnl wcrc hbebod ht ho

hdrccecot wbtl Mrhonc.:3 prbvhtc jhokcrs sunl hs Hajcrt Pbntct bomirecf hof whrocf tlcbr niaachducs

scvcrha tbecs im tlc ocdhtbvc nioscquconcs im h eutuha mbsnha niipcrhtbio. Mrie lbs pibot im

vbcw, haa cnioiebnha jrhonlcs (bosurhoncs, ctn.) sliuaf pritcst hdhbost tlcsc httcepts hs tlc

fhodcr mir tlc cnioiebnha scntir bo ^wbtzcrahof whs coireius. Satbehtcay, Pbntct's diha whs

tlht tlc Mcfcrha fcphrtecot im mbohonc hof nusties sliuaf thkc boti hnniuot tlc hrduecots im

tlc prbvhtc jhokcrs. Bo rcspiosc ti tlbs, tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio lbrcf Hfrbco Ahnlcoha,

h spcnbha gurbst, ti wrbtc h acdha rcpirt wbtl h sthofpibot io tlc hntuha sbtuhtbio bo Ehrnl

82>=.:2Tbtlbo tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio nieebttcc, tlc jbd jhoks rcpabcf ti tlc nioncros

im tlc prbvhtc jhokcrs hmtcr tlc pujabnhtbio im Ahnlcoha's rcpirt. Vlc iodibod fbsnussbio acf ti

h niepriebsc haaiwbod tlc lieidcobzhtbio im botcrcsts im prbvhtc jhokcrs hof tlc ^wbss

jhokcrs hssinbhtbio. Vlc niepriebsc jctwcco jitl jhokbod driups haaiwcf tlc ^wbss

jhokbod scnrcny ti jc prcscrvcf hof scniofay fbf oit cof tlc ocditbhtbios wbtl Mrhonc. ^iec

:4PCZZCOISF / APCW. :00:. p.48-46

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eiotls ahtcr tlc prbvhtc jhokcrs rcncbvcf suppirt mrie tlc niomcrconc im tlc nhotioha

fbrcntirs im mbohonc wli rcmuscf haa kbof im niipcrhtbio bo mbsnha ehttcrs hs wcaa.>0

:.> Botcrohtbioha niotcxt

Bo Mcjruhry 82>=, tlc mcfcrha niuonba lhf fcnbfcf ti scof h fcacdhtbio ti Phrbs ti hvibf h

fiujac thxhtbio trchty. Vlc fcnbsbio whs h ahtc rcpay ti ho cxbstbod prijace sbonc tlc Mbrst

Tiraf Thr hs ^wbss jusbocsscs lhf jcco summcrbod mrie bonrchsbod thx jurfcos.>8Mbres bo tlc

bofustry scntir sunl hs Jriwo, Jivcrb ir itlcr mbres bo tlc nlcebnha scntir sunl hs Nbjh,

wlbnl wcrc ^wbss mbres jut lhf h jrhonl bo Mrhonc, lhf jcco niepahbobod ti tlc ^wbss

mcfcrha hutlirbtbcs hjiut tlc bonrchsbod thxcs bo Mrhonc hof hskcf tlc Mcfcrha hutlirbtbcs ti

thkc hntbio hdhbost bt. Vlc ^wbss hutlirbtbcs lhf jcco phssbvc io tlbs bssuc (rbsbod thxcs mir

^wbss mbres bo Mrhonc) mir h aiod wlbac. Ocvcrtlcacss, tlbs bssuc, bo niejbohtbio wbtl tlc Phrbs

hmmhbr hof tlc tlrcht im h fiujac thxhtbio trchty ehfc bt haeist bocvbthjac ti fbsnuss scvcrha

bssucs. Vlc ocncssbty ti fbsnuss haa tlcsc bssucs nhec mrie tlc mhnt tlht nieecrnc jctwcco

^wbtzcrahof hof Mrhonc hs wcaa hs cnioiebn tbcs wcrc ht sthkc.>:

^wbtzcrahof rcmuscf ti immcr bts niipcrhtbio bo hoy why ti hoy sthtc bo mbsnha ehttcrs hof tlcrc

cxbstcf oi botcrcst mir ^wbtzcrahof ti eutuhaay niaahjirhtc wbtl tlc Mrconl irdhos bo mbsnha

ehttcrs, shys Jcssio.>>Murtlcreirc lc puts mirwhrf tlht tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba trbcf ti cxpahbo

ti tlc Mrconl tlht ^wbtzcrahof lhf hawhys rcmuscf hoy niipcrhtbio bo mbsnha ehttcrs wbtl hoy

sthtc. Bt whs prijhjay rcmcrrbod ti tlc ychr 8208, wlco Mrconl lcbrs lhf slbmtcf tlcbr

bolcrbthonc ti ^wbtzcrahof (fuc ti h ocw oire bo Mrhonc wlbnl thxcf bolcrbthonc) ti hvibf

thxhtbio mrie tlc Mrconl hutlirbtbcs.>6 Ocvcrtlcacss, Mrhonc niotboucf ti aiik mir

nioncssbios. Liwcvcr, hs tlc lhofbod ivcr im nabcot fcthbas wiuaf achf ti tlc uojainkbod im

>0PCZZCOISF / APCW. :00:. p.48-46>8

Bjbf>:

Bjbf.>>JC^^IO. :006. p.:4>6PCZZCOISF / APCW. :00:. p.83


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tlc pripcr muofs im tlc jhok nioncrocf, tlc rbsk im hoy ^wbss jhok fcabvcrbod tlc fcthbas jy

btscam ti tlc Mrconl hutlirbtbcs hudecotcf.>3^i tlc piabtbnha hutlirbtbcs bo ^wbtzcrahof wcrc

wirrbcf tlht tlcbr ippisbtbio whs oit summbnbcot ti duhrhotcc tlc shontbty im ^wbss jhokbod

scnrcny.

Vi prcvcot tlbs tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba sthtcf bo bts bostruntbios bo Mcjruhry 82>= ti hvibf hoy

piabtbnha ir eiocthry echsurc wlbnl niuaf achf ti hoy kbof im fbsturjhonc ir niuaf nhusc

hoxbcty.>=Bo Mcjruhry 82>4, tlc ^wbss jhoks miaaiwcf hof hntcf vcry nhrcmuaay hs tlcy fbf oit

whot ti privikc Mrhonc ir dbvc hoy prctcxt ti Mrconl hutlirbtbcs ti suc ir hnnusc hoy ^wbss

mbre ir jhok im prieitbod ir cvco mhvirbod mbsnha mrhuf. Vlcy abebtcf tlcbr nirrcspiofconc ti

h ebobeue wbtl tlcbr Mrconl nabcots hof hjsthbocf mrie hfvcrtbsbod bo Mrconl ocws phpcrs.>4

Bo Pbntct's ipbobio Mrhonc lhf oi botcotbio ti ivcrtlriw btscam wbtl ^wbtzcrahof. Juybod tbec

wiuaf pahy boti ^wbtzcrahof's lhofs hs Mrhonc lhf oi botcotbio ti ivcrtlriw btscam wbtl

^wbtzcrahof fuc ti tlc fctcrbirhtbod piabtbnha sbtuhtbio bo Mrhonc.>:, tlc rcha fcjhtc hntuhaay sthrtcf bo 82>3. Tlcrchs tlc cnioiebn nrbsbs im

82>8 fcvhauhtcf nurrconbcs tlriudliut tlc wiraf, tlc Mrconl Mrhon hpprcnbhtcf fuc ti bts

hrnlhbn cnioiebnha strunturcs. Vlbs ecnlhobse wlbnl lhf pritcntcf Mrhonc bo 82>8 jcnhec

ho ijsthnac ti ho upturo bo tlc Mrconl cnioiey bo 82>3 hs Mrhonc whs jcniebod acss

niepctbtbvc bo niephrbsio ti itlcr nhpbthabst niuotrbcs sunl hs tlc S^H mir cxhepac, wlbnl bs

wlco triujacs wbtl ^wbtzcrahof (fuc ti tlc Phrbs hmmhbr) jcnhec eirc botcosc. ^i tlc ohtbioha

prifuntbio sthaacf. Jcsbfcs tlc ohtbioha cnioiey summcrbod, sinbha prijaces sunl hs h

fcvhauhtbod oieboha shahrbcs cspcnbhaay lbt tlc ebffac nahsscs hs tlcy aist tlcbr boniec. Vlbs

>3Bjbf.

>=PCZZCOISF / APCW. :00:. p.48-46

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13/43

8>

sinbha nrbsbs acf ti h piabtbnha nrbsbs, hs bt nioncrocf tlc divcrobod (rhfbnha hof eifcrhtc)

phrtbcs. Tlbac tlc cacntbios bo 82>: lhf jcco h sunncss mir tlc acmt hof sinbhabst phrtbcs, wli

lhf priebscf muofhecotha nlhodcs mir tlc Mrconl cnioiey, tlcy wcrc stbaa lhvbod vhrbius

prijaces wbtl tlc divcroecot hof heiodst tlcescavcs. Vlc rbsc im Mhsnbst phrtbcs bo Curipc

hriuof 82>3 acf ti h rhpprinlcecot jctwcco acmt, sinbhabst, hotb-mhsnbst phrtbcs hof

irdhobzhtbios (h si nhaacf mriot pipuahbrc) wlbnl acf ti tlc sinbhabst vbntiry im Aio Jaue

jcbod cacntcf hs prcebcr ebobstcr bo 82>=.>2 Pbntct echowlbac kcpt wrbtbod ti tlc Mcfcrha

Niuonba hof hskcf ti sthaa mir tbec hof oit ti nioncfc.

Pbntct whs ti jc privco rbdlt. Vlc Jaue divcroecot's bonhphnbty ti rcahuonl tlc cnioiey,

strbkcs wbtlbo tlc niuotry hof itlcr rchsios acf ti tlc mhaa im tlc Jaue divcroecot bo Guoc

82>4 hof h rupturc im tlc mriot pipuahbrcbo tlc miaaiwbod eiotls.60 ^i ^wbtzcrahof whs bo h

rhtlcr striod pisbtbio bo Oivcejcr 82>4, wlco tlc niomabnt whs rcsiavcf jy h Mrhoni - ^wbss

trchty, wlbnl siec prbvhtc jhokcrs sunl hs Pbntct lhf jcco mbdltbod mir sbonc 82>3. Pbntct stbaa

ehfc cvcry cofchvir oit ti niaahjirhtc wbtl tlc Mrconl hutlirbtbcs bo mbsnha ehttcrs.68

Tbtl tlc hpprivha im tlc :00 ebaabio nrcfbt jy tlc ^wbss jhoks ti tlc Mrconl Zhbawhys tlc

wliac hmmhbr whs fcmbobtcay imm tlc thjac. Mrhonc lhf jcco bo occf im nrcfbt ti haaiw wirks bo

tlc Mrconl Zhbawhy bofustry. Vlc trchty haaiwcf ti put hsbfc tlc qucstbio im h eutuha mbsnha

niipcrhtbio. Vlbs haaiwcf tlc jhokbod scnrcny ti jc rcnidobzcf mrie jitl divcroecots hof

dhvc tlc ^wbss jhokcrs h niosbfcrhjac ehrdbo ti ehocuvrc.6:

Lhvbod hohayzcf tlc ohtbioha hof botcrohtbioha niotcxt, tlcrc scce ti jc vhrbius rchsios wly

Mrhonc mhbacf ti ijthbo bomirehtbio io fcpisbtcf muofs ir tlcbr iwocrs.

>2JCZ^VCBO / EBAWH. 822=. p. :4:-:2=

60Bjbf.

68PCZZCOISF / APCW. :00:. p.4> -466:Bjbf.


14/43

86

Io tlc ohtbioha acvca bt nho jc shbf tlht tlcrc whs oi ohtbioha ippisbtbio ti tlc bosnrbptbio im

tlc ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny. Hatliudl tlc wirkcrs uobio, tlc mhrecrs uobio hof tlc ebffac

nahsscs (wlbnl lhf prcssurcf tlc Mcfcrha niuonba ti frhmt h jbaa io jhokbod ahw) lhf itlcr

eitbvcs ti comirnc ^wbss jhokbod ahw (ohecay tlc niotria im tlc jhoks), bt turocf iut tlht tlc

mireha bosnrbptbio im tlc Jhokbod Ahw hasi comirncf pritcntbio tiwhrfs tlc cxtcrbir.

Bt scces ti jc rhtlcr botcrcstbod tlht hatliudl tlc ^wbss Jhokcrs hssinbhtbio suppirtcf hof

rcprcscotcf tlc botcrcsts im jbd jhoks hof tlc bofustrbha niepacx, tlc prbvhtc jhokbod scntir,

rcprcscotcf jy prbvhtc jhokcrs sunl hs Pbntct, whs hjac ti put mirwhrf bts nioncros hof

tlcrcmirc tiik up h ehgir riac bo tlc fbsnussbio hs prbvhtc jhokcrs sunl hs Pbntct lhvc jcco

hjac ti bomauconc tlc mcfcrha niuonba (hatliudl tlcy fio't lhvc tlcbr pripcr "prbvhtc jhok

hmmhbrs" botcrcst rcprcscothtbvc niephrhjac ti tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio). Vlc rchsio wly

tlc botcrcst im tlisc twi driups fbvcrdcf whs tlht io ioc lhof tlc bofustrbha niepacx hof tlc

jbd jhoks (rcprcscotcf jy tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio) wcrc trybod ti ijthbo thx rcabcms bo

Mrhonc mir ^wbss mbres, wlcrchs io tlc itlcr lhof tlc ^wbss prbvhtc jhoks lhf jcco trybod ti

prcscrvc tlcbr Mrconl nustiecrs' prbvhny. Vlc ocditbhtbios jctwcco Mrhonc hof ^wbtzcrahof

lhf thkco up jitl bssucs hs ijgcnts im fbsnussbio. ^i bm ^wbss rcprcscothtbvcs ehfc h

nioncssbio io ioc im tlc bssucs tlc itlcr bssuc wiuaf lhvc prcvhbacf. ^i jitl phrtbcs (jbd

jhoks hof sehaa jhoks) wcrc chdcr tlht tlcbr iwo nhusc prcvhbacf. Vlc rchsio wly Pbntct's

hfvbnc prijhjay prcvhbacf whs tlht lc pripiscf ti sthaa mir tbec wlbnl ehfc h trhfc-imm

jctwcco tlc twi botcrcst driups supcrmauius.6>

Io tlc botcrohtbioha acvca liwcvcr, fbmmcrcot mhntirs scce ti lhvc pahycf h riac.

6>PCZZCOISF / APCW. :00:. p.48 -46


15/43

83

Mbrstay, Pbntct ebdlt lhvc jcco rbdlt hjiut tlc mhnt Mrhonc whs piabtbnhaay uosthjac 66hof whs

bo tlc occf im h nrcfbt. Vlbs whs ho hfvhothdc mir ^wbtzcrahof bo tlc ocditbhtbios, hs tlc

Mcfcrha niuonba kocw hjiut tlc sbtuhtbio bo Mrhonc, jut tlbs ecrc mhnt fics oit niepactcay

cxpahbo wly Mrhonc niuaf oit dct bts fcehofs tlriudl.

H scniof, eirc bepirthot mhntir whs tlht tlcrc whs oi botcrohtbioha prcssurc io ^wbtzcrahof

ir niosbfcrhjac botcrohtbioha suppirt mir Mrhonc wlbnl wiuaf lhvc ehfc bt eirc fbmmbnuat mir

^wbtzcrahof ti niepactcay ippisc hoy niipcrhtbio. Vlc rchsios wly Mrhonc fbf oit lhvc hoy

suppirt mrie itlcr niuotrbcs, furbod tlc hmmhbr whs tlht mbrstay, ^wbtzcrahof's mbohonbha ncotcr

whs rcahtbvcay yiuod ti itlcr Curipcho mbohonbha ncotcrs (sunl hs Aiofio).63Vlcrcmirc bt fbf

oit lhvc botcosc cnioiebn tbcs wbtl itlcr niuotrbcs sbebahr ti tlisc wbtl Mrhonc. Bo mhnt tlc

Mrconl lhf jcco "trhfbtbioha bovcstirs bo ^wbtzcrahof"6=. ^cniofay, tlc Jcadbho divcroecot

whs jitlcrcf jy wchatly Jcadbho nbtbzcos wli lhf tlcbr hsscts bo ^wbtzcrahof hof tlcrcmirc

csnhpcf thxhtbio. Liwcvcr tlc Jcadbho hof tlc Mrconl divcroecot tidctlcr ioay cejhrkcf

io rcahtbvcay eifcst echsurcs.64Vlbrfay, Dcrehoy (tlc Tcbehr Zcpujabn), wlbnl prijhjay

wiuaf lhvc jcco tlc ioay pitcotbha phrtocr ti jhnk up Mrhonc bo tlbs ehttcr (hs bt whs

nioncrocf jy nhpbtha mabdlt ti ^wbtzcrahof tii) whs prcinnupbcf wbtl rhpbfay nlhodbod

divcroecots hof h jbpiahrbzhtbio im tlc cxtrcecs (tlc uprbsbod Ohzbs hof tlc nieeuobsts).6602->>462Bjbf. p.:84-:::


16/43

8=

Mrconl nbtbzcos bo itlcr niuotrbcs sunl hs Dcrehoy ir tlc Octlcrahofs30, wlcrc tlc Futnl

phrabhecot rhbscf qucstbios hjiut hjiabslbod tlc jhokbod scnrcny. H ^wbss coviy ti tlc

Octlcrahofs rcpirtcf bo 82>: ti tlc ^wbss hutlirbtbcs, tlht tlc Futnl divcroecot lhf

hoswcrcf, tlht bm jhokbod scnrcny whs hjiabslcf coireius heiuots im nhpbtha wiuaf lhvc acmt

tlc Octlcrahofs. Vlc ^wbss coviy nionaufcf tlht bt wiuaf rhtlcr jc wbsc oit ti hatcr tlc

cxbstbod sbtuhtbio.38

Vlbrfay, ^wbtzcrahof lhf ti ehkc surc bo mriot im tlc botcrohtbioha sncoc tlht bt wiuaf pritcnt

hof shmcduhrf bts botcrcsts hs tlbs bonbfcot ehrkcf tlc mbrst ehgir nrbsbs bo ^wbss jhokbod

scnrcny prhntbnc. Bm ^wbtzcrahof lhf nhvcf bo, tlbs prijhjay wiuaf oit lhvc jcco h vcry

pisbtbvc ecsshdc mir itlcr prbvhtc bofbvbfuhas wli lhf nlisco ^wbtzcrahof mir tlcbr jhokbod

purpiscs. Ocbtlcr wiuaf tlc mbohonbha ncotrc wbtl bts prhntbnc im fbsnrctbio3:lhvc aiikcf vcry

diif. Ioc ebdlt tlbok tlht tlbs hrduecot niuaf jc uscf mir haa tlrcc pcrbifs, liwcvcr tlc

Phrbs hmmhbr whs tlc mbrst "rcha" htthnk io ^wbtzcrahof's jhokbod scnrcny si bt whs vcry

bepirthot cspcnbhaay bo tlbs mbrst sthdc ti fcmcof tlc jhokbod scnrcny vcry chdcray. Vlc ^wbss

jhokbod scntir lhf jcco cxbstbod sbonc tlc 8^i

tlc htthnk furbod tlc Phrbs hmmhbr whs tlc mbrst pripcr nlhaacodc, furbod wlbnl ^wbtzcrahof lhf

ti fceiostrhtc strcodtl.

30Bjbf. p.82

38Bjbf. p.2>

3:TC^PB. :002. p.23>ZHPPI.:00:.p.84-38


17/43

84

Vlc riac im tlc Phrbs hmmhbr, liwcvcr, mir tlc mireha nifbmbnhtbio im ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny

rcehbos niotcstcf. Hutlirs sunl hs Ducx36, Lud33hof itlcr hutlirs suppirt tlc lypitlcsbs im

tlc hmmhbr lhvbod sbdobmbnhotay niotrbjutcf ti tlc nifbmbnhtbio im tlc ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny

wlcrchs itlcrs sunl hs ]idacr3=fcoy tlbs.

>. Viwhrf hof ht tlc cof im Tiraf Thr BB

>.8 Tlht lhppcocf9

Furbod tlc 82:0s hof 82>0s scvcrha Curipchos lhf jcco fcpisbtbod eiocy bo ^wbtzcrahof mir

fbmmcrcot rchsios sunl hs tlc fcvhauhtbio im tlcbr ohtbioha nurrcony, piabtbnha bosthjbabty bo tlcbr

niuotry, cxpriprbhtbio ir whr. ^wbtzcrahof's striod nurrcony, tlc botcrohtbioha rcputhtbio im

^wbtzcrahof hs h mbohonbha ncotrc hof bts pisbtbio ht tlc lchrt im Curipc ehfc ^wbtzcrahof vcry

httrhntbvc mir nhpbtha mrie itlcr niuotrbcs. Vrhosmcrs mir mbsnha rchsios tlcrcmirc pahycf h

ehrdboha riac. Hmtcr tlc ^cniof Tiraf Thr, tlc hfvhothdcs im tlc ^wbss mbohonbha ncotrc fbf

oit ioay httrhnt "acdha" eiocy jut hasi eiocy mrie "baacdha" siurncs sunl hs eiocy mrie

pitcothtcs hof itlcr siurncs.34Pitcothtcs furbod tlc Niaf Thr bo ^wbtzcrahof sunl hs tlisc im

tlc Fiebobnho fbnthtir Vrugbaai ir tlc ^lhl Phlacvb im Brho wcrc oit uonieeio bo

^wbtzcrahof.334TC^PB. :002. p.863


18/43

8 Cvco tliudl tlc abtcrhturc ficso't hdrcc upio tlbs

lypitlctbnha qucstbio, tlc nlhonc bs prijhjay lbdlcr tlht tlc S^H wiuaf oit lhvc sthrtcf ho

cnioiebn whrmhrc, ehboay jcnhusc tlcy wcrc prcinnupbcf wbtl tlc qucstbio im tlc

rcniostruntbio bo Curipc hs wcaa hs tlc niothboecot im tlc cecrdbod nieeuobst jain.

>.: Ohtbioha niotcxt

Hajcrt Nlhracs Oussjhuecr, tlc dcocrha fbrcntir im tlc ^wbss jhok nirpirhtbio=6 sthtcf bo

Mcjruhry 826> tlht Drcht Jrbthbo hof tlc Sobtcf ^thtcs wcrc wcaa-fbspiscf tiwhrf

^wbtzcrahof jut wiuaf oit lcsbthtc ti dbvc acss prbirbty ti niuotrbcs wlbnl mbdurcf io tlc jahnk

abst wlco bt wiuaf niec ti tlc rcfbstrbjutbio im snhrnc rcsiurncs hmtcr tlc whr.

32JC^^IO. :006. p.:Bjbf. p.:Bjbf.46Bjbf.


22/43

::

Vlco bo ^cptcejcr 8266, tlc niofbtbios fctcrbirhtcf hof tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio

hfiptcf twi tcxts rcpaybod ti tlc nioncros im tlc Haabcs im wlbnl ioc whs put boti nbrnuahtbio

wbtl tlc tbtac "bostruntbios cxtrhirfbohbrcs fucs hux nbrniosthoncs prscotcs" wlbnl tlc

dcocrha ehohdcrs im cvcry ^wbss jhok rcncbvcf. Bt sthtcf tlht hatliudl ^wbss jhoks lhf cvcr

sbonc htthnlcf tlc jbddcst prbirbty ti cnioiebn abjcrty, siec rcstrbntbios wcrc bocvbthjac fuc

ti tlc hntuha nbrnuesthoncs hof tlht jhoks lhf ti jc rcstrbntcf cvco eirc fcspbtc tlc

ouecrius rcstrbntbios harchfy botrifuncf sbonc tlc whr.43

Zijcrt Kilab, wli whs tlc ehbo rcspiosbjac mir mbohonbha ehttcrs bo tlc ^wbss divcroecot

whs oit vcry miof im ^tunkb's bfch (nbtcf chrabcr) cbtlcr, hrdubod tlht wlco Haabcf mirncs lhf

hskcf mir aiitcf muofs, ^wbtzcrahof prctcofcf oit ti koiw hjiut tlc cxbstconc im sunl muofs

bo ^wbtzcrahof. Bm h dcocrha stufy whs fioc, tlc fcobha im sunl muofs wiuaf oit jc pissbjac bo

tlc muturc, wlbnl lhf jcco vcry uscmua hof lhofy ti fcoy eutuha mbsnha niipcrhtbio. Lc

pripiscf h rhtlcr abebtcf bovcstbdhtbio hof h eirc niombfcotbha ioc sbebahr ti hoitlcr

pripisha im tlc wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio.4=

^tunkb put mirwhrf tlht bm ^wbtzcrahof fbf oit fi hoytlbod ht haa, tlc wiraf's lhtrcf wiuaf jc

io ^wbtzcrahof. Itlcr vibncs niuotcrcf tlht ^wbtzcrahof sliuaf jc nhrcmua hs tlc Hecrbnho

piabny whs suppiscf ti jc fbnthtcf jy Thaa ^trcct, bepaybod tlht tlc Hecrbnhos wcrc oit

ehboay dubfcf jy plbahotlripbst tlbokbod jut tlht eitbvcs im niepctbtbio sliuaf jc

niosbfcrcf hof prijhjay prcvhbacf.44

Vlc Mcfcrha Niuonba tiik h fcnbsbio bo tlbs ehttcr bo Ehrnl 8263 hof fcnbfcf ti di wbtl

^tunkb's siautbio. Vlbs fcnbsbio whs h rupturc bo lbstiry im tlc ^wbss jhokbod lbstiry hs mbrstay

tlc bepirt, cxpirt hof tlc trhfbod wbtl mircbdo jhok oitcs whs prilbjbtcf. ^cniofay, tlc

^wbss divcroecot sbdocf h trchty wbtl tlc Haabcf Mirncs ti aiik mir tlc aiitcf diaf bo

43Bjbf.

4=Bjbf.44JC^^IO.:006. p.:2


23/43

:>

^wbtzcrahof jut ippiscf ho bovcstbdhtbio io ^wbss tcrrbtiry jy mircbdo immbnbhas. Bo itlcr

wirfs, ^wbss hutlirbtbcs wcrc lhppy ti aiik mir tlisc muofs hof fi tliriudl rcschrnl jut fbf

oit whot hoy mircbdo botcrvcotbio ir niotria im hoy botcrohtbioha irdhobzhtbio.

Mir tlc aiitcf muofs, ioc nioncssbio whs ehfc, jut abebts rcehbocf, echobod tlht tlc Haabcf

mirncs lhf ti jrbod up tlc priim im tlc aiitcf muofs hof lhf ti hnt wbtlbo ^wbss acdbsahtbio.4


24/43

:6

Jcsbfcs haa tlc nioncssbios ehfc hof haa tlc fbsnussbios lcaf chrabcr, tlc ocdhtbvc

nioscquconcs mir ^wbtzcrahof wcrc oit mirtlniebod bo tlc fbecosbios fbsnusscf furbod tlc

ocditbhtbios im 8263. Mrie 8264 io, tlc nioncssbios ehfc io tlc aiitcf muofs ir tlc qucstbio

im tlc vbntbes wcrc niosbfcrcf hs h "mhbt phss" (siectlbod iutfhtcf).

Vlcrc hrc scvcrha mhntirs io tlc ohtbioha hs wcaa hs io tlc botcrohtbioha acvca wlbnl wcrc

bepirthot mir tlc sunncss im tlc fcmcosc im tlc ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny.

Io tlc ohtbioha acvca tlc jhokbod sncoc whs fbvbfcf cvco eirc tlho furbod tlc Phrbs hmmhbr hs

tlc ^wbss jhok nirpirhtbio, tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio, tlc prbvhtc jhokcrs hof itlcrcnioiebnha jrhonlcs tiik fbmmcrcot pisbtbios. Murtlcreirc tlcbr pisbtbios wcrc rcmacntcf jy

tlc "nhep" (Haabcs ir Hxbs Piwcrs) tlcy lhf tlcbr muofs ahybod bo. Vlc mhnt tlht jhokbod

driups wcrc oit hjac ti hdrcc io wlbnl nhep ti nliisc, pistpiocf h ^wbss fcnbsbio, dbvbod

tlc Mcfcrha hutlirbtbcs tbec ti tlbok.

Vlc Oirehofy ahofbod dhvc ^wbss mcfcrha hutlirbtbcs ho boncotbvc ti tcof mir h siautbio

wlbnl wiuaf thkc boti hnniuot ^wbss botcrcsts hmtcr whr, wlcrcmirc ^wbss hutlirbtbcs phrtay

hecofcf tlcbr bsiahtbiobst niursc hof hfiptcf siec im tlc echsurcs mhvirbod Haabcf mirncs

hof fbsmhvirbod tlc Hxbs Piwcrs. Vlc rchsio mir tlbs fcvbhtbio mrie tlc trhfbtbioha niursc im

^wbtzcrahof whs tlht tlc Haabcf mirncs lhf jcco tlrchtcobod ti put ^wbtzcrahof io h jahnk abst

wlbnl wiuaf lhvc cofhodcrcf cnioiebnha hof trhfc rcahtbios jctwcco ^wbtzcrahof hof tlc

Haabcf niuotrbcs, wlcrcupio ^wbtzcrahof fbf oit whot ti thkc tlcsc ehgir rbsks hs tlc

nioncssbios ehfc wcrc mhbray piir bo rcspcnt ti tlc nioncssbio rcncbvcf.


25/43

:3

prcinnupbcf jy tlbs uoncrthboty, hs tlcy wcrc aisbod iut io h niosbfcrhjac heiuot im ocw

nhpbtha, wlbnl tlcy lhf jcco rcmusbod ti thkc io (fuc ti tlc rcstrbntbios im tlc Haabcs). Bm tlcy

lhf oit jcco wirrbcf hjiut tlc uoncrthboty, tlcy wiuaf lhvc prijhjay thkco io tlc ocw

muofs.

Hatliudl ^wbtzcrahof fcnbfcf aiik mir tlc aiitcf diaf hof mir tlc muofs im tlc Ohzb vbntbes,

bt whs hjac ti ehbothbo tlc nirc im bts piabny, ohecay tlc rcmusha im h eutuha mbsnha

niipcrhtbio, wlbnl wiuaf lhvc jcco tlc nioscquconc bm tlc bovcstbdhtbios lhf jcco ehfc jy

mircbdo immbnbhas.

Io tlc botcrohtbioha acvca, ^wbtzcrahof whs hjac ti ehbothbo bts nirc piabny fuc ti fbmmcrcot

rchsios. Mbrst im haa, cmmirts im tlc Haabcf mirncs wcrc oit nioncotrhtcf coiudl ir fbf oit scck

vcry chdcray ti ijthbo eutuha mbsnha niipcrhtbio. Bo mhnt, hmtcr tlc whr, tlc ioay niuotry wlbnl

hskcf mir h eutuha mbsnha niipcrhtbio fbrcntay hof nrbtbnbzcf ^wbtzcrahof ipcoay mir bts suppirt

im ho "iaf ho bofcmcosbjac prbonbpac"0


26/43

:=

eirc bepirthot, wlbnl cxpahbos wly tlc Haabcs trbcf ti abmt ir ht achst aiisco tlc ^wbss

jhokbod scnrcny jy tlbs echo rhtlcr tlho tlriudl h mbsnha niipcrhtbio wlcrc tlc pcrspcntbvcs

sccecf rhtlcr uopriebsbod.

6. Zcncot quhrrca

6.8 Tlht lhppcocf9

Vlc cvcots wlbnl innurrcf bo :002 nachray ehrkcf h turobod pibot bo ^wbtzcrahof's lbstiry im

^wbss jhokbod scnrcny.

Vlbs nlhptcr wbaa cahjirhtc wly tlbs bs tlc nhsc. Vlc ICNF lhf jcco wirkbod io qucstbios im

botcrohtbioha niipcrhtbio bo thx ehttcrs hof tlc botcrohtbioha thx niepctbtbio mir h aiod wlbac.

Ioc im tlcsc echsurcs wlbnl lhf jcco cahjirhtcf whs ho "ICNF eifca niovcotbio" wlbnl

scrvcf ti hvibf fiujac thxhtbio bo boniec hof wchatl ehttcrs. Fiujac thxhtbio trchtbcs bo

dcocrha hvibf tlc thxhtbio bo tlc sthtc bo wlbnl tlc liafcr's hnniuot bs fcpisbtcf hof hoitlcr

thxhtbio bo tlc niuotry bo wlbnl tlc liafcr lhs lbs acdha rcsbfconc. Vlc wliac purpisc im sunl

trchtbcs bs ti prcvcot pcipac hof niephobcs mrie slbmtbod ahrdc muofs boti hoitlcr niuotry bo

wlbnl tlcy itlcrwbsc wiuaf oit fcnahrc tlc muofs hof tlcrcmirc wiuaf oit lhvc ti phy

thxcs.


27/43

:4

Bo :002 botcrohtbioha prcssurc whs cxcrtcf io ^wbtzcrahof fuc ti tlc mirecr prhntbnc im

bomirehtbio cxnlhodc (eutuha mbsnha niipcrhtbio). Bo Ehrnl :002, rueirs wcrc sprchfbod tlht

tlc ICNF whs dibod ti pujabsl h "jahnk abst" wlbnl lhf jcco irfcrcf jy tlc D-:0 hof wlbnl

^wbtzcrahof whs suppiscf ti jc io.


28/43

: Vlc fcthbacf ehp bs htthnlcf ti tlc Hoocx ht tlc

cof im tlc fbsscrthtbio.

Hatliudl ^wbtzcrahof lhs jcco h miuofbod ecejcr im tlc ICNF, ^wbtzcrahof nahbecf oit ti

lhvc jcco bomirecf io tlc nrchtbio im sunl h abst hof tlcrcmirc pritcstcf ti tlc ICNF. Vlbs

bssuc wbaa jc fbsnusscf ahtcr. Ocvcrtlcacss, wlctlcr ^wbtzcrahof lhf jcco bomirecf ir oit, bt

fbf oit nlhodc tlc mhnt tlht tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba fcnbfcf io tlc 8>tl im Ehrnl :002 ti hfipt

tlc botcrohtbioha sthofhrf fuc ti tlc rbsbod prcssurc io ^wbtzcrahof sbonc tlc pujabnhtbio im

tlc abst.26 ^wbtzcrahof tiik up botcrohtbioha ocditbhtbios hs qubnkay hs pissbjac hof sbdocf

fbmmcrcot niovcotbios "ti achvc" tlc drcy abst. Io tlc :3tl im ^cptcejcr :002 ^wbtzcrahof lhf

harchfy hjhofiocf bts "drcy sthtus" hof iptcf mir tlc wlbtc abst.23

6.: Ohtbioha Niotcxt

Vlc wliac hmmhbr wbtl tlc ICNF sthtcs jut hasi triujac wbtl tlc Sobtcf ^thtcs wcrc fcjhtcf

furbod h fbsnussbio bo tlc phrabhecot io tlc 84 tl im Ehrnl :002 hmtcr tlc fcnbsbio im tlc

Mcfcrha Niuonba. Vlc fcnbsbio im tlc Mcfcrha niuonba whs oit strioday niotcstcf jy tlc

phrabhecot, rhtlcr itlcr bssucs wcrc thkco up hof tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba whs nrbtbnbzcf wlbnl

wbaa jc cahjirhtcf eirc prcnbscay bo tlc miaaiwbod abocs. Jruoi Mrbnk mrie tlc ncotcr-acmt N]P

(Nlrbstabnl - Fceikrhtbsnlc ]iaksphrtcb) sthtcf tlht lc lhf scvcrha rcehrks ti ehkc upio tlc

fcnbsbio im tlc Mcfcrha niuonba. Lc csthjabslcf tlht tlc nlhodc im ebof whs nirrcnt hof whs

occfcf, cspcnbhaay tifhy.Vlc nlhodc bo pcipac's ebofs lhf fbmmcrcot riits.2=

2>TC^PB. :002. p.>3

26Bjbf. p.>=23Bjbf. p.>42=

Vlc aiitcf hsscts furbod tlc ^cniof Tiraf Thr wlbnl lhf jcco fcpisbtcf bo ^wbtzcrahof fbf oit nrchtceunl tureiba beecfbhtcay hmtcr tlc cof im tlc ^cniof Tiraf Thr. Liwcvcr bo 82=: h mcfcrha irfcr im niurt tiaiik mir tlc muofs im tlc vbntbes im tlc Ohzbs, whs bssucf, wlbnl acf ti mcw rcsuats. Jy 824: ioay 2 ebaabio ^wbssMrhons lhf jcco miuof hof tlcrc wcrc mhr eirc hnniuots wlbnl wcrc suppiscf ti jc aybod bo ^wbtzcrahof.


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Vlc prijace wbtl tlbs kbof im nlhodc im httbtufc bs tlht ^wbtzcrahof lhs jcco aiikbod hmtcr

haeist :4% im tlc wiraf's immslirc muofs hof tlht bm tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba ionc sthtcf tlht tlc

jhokbod scnrcny bs "oit ocditbhjac" ir tlht tlc mircbdo sthtcs "wbaa jrchk tlcbr tcctl" io tlc

^wbss jhokbod scnrcny hof haa im suffco nlhodcs bts niursc jy ehkbod nioncssbios, tlc ^wbss

pipuahtbio hof pcipac wli fcpisbt tlcbr muofs bo ^wbtzcrahof wbaa aisc mhbtl bo tlc

divcroecot.24

Vlc scniof pibot lc hffrcsscf whs tlc ICNF. Lc whs vcry iutrhdcf jy tlc mhnt tlht tlc

ICNF lhf jcco nrchtbod h abst jclbof ^wbtzcrahof's jhnk (bepaybod tlht ^wbtzcrahof lhf oit

jcco bomirecf fcspbtc tlc mhnt im jcbod h miuofbod ecejcr) hof whs oit haaiwcf hoy

cxhebohtbio im tlc finuecots. Hatliudl tlc ICNF's dcocrha Gis odca Durrh nahbes ti

lhvc bomirecf ^wbtzcrahof eirc tlho ionc furbod scvcrha ecctbods, tlc mirecr Mcfcrha

Niuoscair Ecrz rcpabcf tlht lc fbf oit koiw im hoytlbod sbebahr.20>:, Frbodabnlc Botcrpcaahtbio Mrbnk Jruoi ^btuhtbio fcs Mbohozpahtzcs ^nlwcbz2>30, Botcrpcaahtbio Jrbocr Pctcr. ^upprcssbiofcs niotrbjutbios oio ijabdhtibrcs a'INFC


30/43

>0

Vlbrfay, Mrbnk shbf tlht (wlbnl scces ti jc ho cxpabnhtbio wly tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba lhf ti hnt

jy btscam) bo ^wbtzcrahof tlc phrabhecot bs rcahtbvcay striod bo niephrbsio ti tlc cxcnutbvc (tlc

Mcfcrha Niuonba) wlbnl bs bo h rcahtbvcay wchk pisbtbio (bepaybod tlc niepuasbio uofcr wlbnl

tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba whs). Bo tlc muturc tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba sliuaf jc strcodtlcocf oit jy

hffbtbioha niepctconcs jut jy bostbtutbioha nlhodcs wlbnl wiuaf ehkc bt chsbcr mir tlc

Mcfcrha Niuonba ti hnt bo nrbtbnha sbtuhtbios. ^i bofbrcntay Mrbnk bs shybod tlht tlc piabtbnha

systce hof tlc piabtbnha princsscs bo ^wbtzcrahof hrc h rchsio wly ^wbtzcrahof (tlc Mcfcrha

Niuonba) lhf ti ehkc tlcsc nioncssbios, hs usuhaay botcrohtbioha trchtbcs hrc sujgcnt ti

mhnuathtbvc rcmcrcofues.800

Bo itlcr wirfs, lhf tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba iptcf mir h siautbio wlbnl wiuaf lhvc haaiwcf ti

thkc tlc mhnuathtbvc rcmcrcofue, tlc 800 fhys rcqubrcf mir h mhnuathtbvc rcmcrcofue's

cxpbrhtbio fhtc wiuaf lhvc cofhodcrcf ^wbtzcrahof cvco eirc, hs qubnk hfhpthtbio echsurcs

wcrc rcqubrcf ti rcspiof ti tlc fcabnhtc sbtuhtbio bo Ehrnl :002. Mrbnk hasi shbf bo lbs spccnl

tlht tlc ^wbss fbstbontbio wlbnl lhf jcco ehfc jctwcco mbsnha cvhsbio (oio-fcnahrhtbio ir h

mhuat bo tlc fcnahrhtbio bo tlc thxhtbio princss) hof mbsnha mrhuf (hntbvc iebssbio im muofs bo

tlc thxhtbio princss) wlbnl up ti oiw lhf jcco nachray fbstbontbvc bo ^wbss acdbsahtbio fbf oit

mbof hoy nieprclcosbio bo tlc botcrohtbioha systce hoy eirc.808

Vlc rchsio mir tlc fbstbontbio jctwcco thx cvhsbio hof thx mrhuf bo tlc ^wbss systce lhf jcco

fioc, hs thx hmmhbrs lhf ti jc mbaacf iut pcrsiohaay hof si crrirs innurrcf mrcqucotay, wlcrchs

bo itlcr niuotrbcs tlbs whs oit tlc nhsc, wlcrcmirc tlc ^wbss prhntbnc whs oi aiodcr

hnncpthjac bo tlc botcrohtbioha nieeuobty. Bm ho bofbvbfuha ehfc h ebsthkc bo tlc fcnahrhtbio

im lbs thx mire tlbs whs niosbfcrcf hs h mbsnha cvhsbio (ho hfebobstrhtbvc crrir). Bm ho

800Mir murtlcr bomirehtbio scc hrtbnac 868 im tlc ^wbss niostbtutbio [ioabocU 7

lttp7//www.hfebo.nl/nl/f/sr/808/h868.ltea808^wbss phrabhecothry hrnlbvcs (Hetabnlcs Juaactbo - Fbc Tirtpritikiaac vio Ohtbioharht uof ^tofcrht)02.>0>:, Frbodabnlc Botcrpcaahtbio Mrbnk Jruoi ^btuhtbio fcs Mbohozpahtzcs ^nlwcbz


31/43

>8

bofbvbfuha hntbvcay iebttcf tlc fcnahrhtbio im tlc muofs tlbs whs h nhsc im mbsnha mrhuf. 80:

Mbsnha cvhsbio hof mbsnha mrhuf wcrc pcrncbvcf ti jc ioc hof cquha sbonc tlbs cvcot mrie ho

botcrohtbioha pcrspcntbvc.

Miurtlay, Mrbnk shbf tlht hoitlcr piabtbnha princss whs h prijace. Vlc Mcfcrha Niuonba lhf

uscf ho cxpcrt driup mir bts fcnbsbio ehkbod wlbnl Mrbnk nachray sccs hs h ebobeha

rcqubrcecot jut lc shys tlht tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba mhbacf ti botcdrhtc h piabtbnha acdbsahtbvc

niepiocot (wirk driup mir cxhepac) wlbnl wiuaf lhvc cvco eirc acdbtbebzcf tlc fcnbsbio

hs bt wiuaf lhvc jcco h fcnbsbio im tlc cxcnutbvc hof tlc acdbsahtbvc. Mbohaay Mrbnk nionaufcf

tlht tlcsc echsurcs thkco lhf ti jc rcnbprinha (tlht itlcr immslirc sthtcs sunl hs tlc Sobtcf

^thtcs wiuaf hasi lhvc ti mbaa tlcbr dhps). Lc whs rcmcrrbod ti sthtcs sunl hs Ocvhfh, Fcahwhrc

hof Tyiebod bo tlc S^H wlbnl lhf h wchk acdbsahtbio mir tlc bfcotbmbnhtbio im mircbdo mbres

wlbnl shvcf thxcs jy lhvbod tlcbr ehbo jrhonl bo ioc im tlcsc sthtcs. 80> Vlus, Mrbnk oitcf

tlht boqubrbcs ehy ioay jc ehfc bm tlc suspbnbio whs wcaa-miuofcf hof tlht tlcsc echsurcs

wiuaf oit cxpisc tlc ^wbss jhok nustiecrs prbvhny niepactcay. Vlc pissbjbabty im si nhaacf

"mbslbod cxpcfbtbios" bo wlbnl h sthtc hsks hoitlcr sthtc mir acdha hssbsthonc bo nhscs im

pitcotbha mbsnha cvhsbio, schrnlbod mir bofbvbfuha's hnniuots rhofieay, wiuaf oit jc

tiacrhtcf.806Vlbs sthtcecot nho jc scco hs h fhehdc ebobebzbod echsurc.

^thtcs niuonba Pctcr Jrbocr (mrie tlc MFP, h abjcrha hof ncotcr - rbdlt phrty) gibocf Mrbnk's

hrduecot hof hasi ecotbiocf tlht h ahnk im botcrohtbioha octwirkbod whs h rchsio wly tlc

mcfcrha Niuonba lhf ti fbsnrctcay thkc tlbs fcnbsbio. Lhf tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba jcco jcttcr

botcdrhtcf bo botcrohtbioha mbohonbha jihrfs, ^wbtzcrahof wiuaf lhvc pissbjay jcco hjac ti

bomauconc tlc lhppcobod. Lc hasi hffcf tlht tlc hutiehtbn bomirehtbio cxnlhodc (upio ho

boqubry mrie hoitlcr sthtc) whs imm tlc thjac hof tlbs nachray prcscotcf h diif iptbio dbvco tlc

80:ESCAACZ.8220>:, Frbodabnlc Botcrpcaahtbio Mrbnk Jruoi ^btuhtbio fcs Mbohozpahtzcs ^nlwcbz


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>:

nbrnuesthoncs. ^wbtzcrahof whs hasi jcttcr imm bostchf im ahofbod io h jahnk abst wlbnl wiuaf

lhvc nrchtcf h ait im eirc triujac mir jhoks hof tlc bofustrbha scntir hs wcaa.803î ti jc nachr,

tlc N]P hof tlc MFP nhec ti tlc shec nionausbio, pcrncbvbod tlbs hs tlc jcst niursc.

Vlc acmt phrty wbtl ^thtcs Niuonba ^beioctth îeehrudh fbf oit hntbvcay nrbtbnbzc tlc Mcfcrha

Niuonba im tlc fcnbsbio pcr sc cbtlcr, jut jahecf tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba mir oit lhvbod siudlt h

pri-hntbvc riac bo tlbs ehttcr. î, lhvbod ti hnt iut im h fcmcosbvc pisbtbio wlbnl ehfc

^wbtzcrahof's pisbtbio wchk, whs lcr ehbo nrbtbquc. Vlc nrbtbquc lhs ti jc uofcrstiif bo bts

niotcxt hs tlc sinbha fceinrhtbn phrty (^P) lhf hawhys jcco nhaabod mir h eirc hntbvc hof h

eirc huti-bobtbhtbvc riac rcdhrfbod tlc jhokbod scnrcny hof tlc prijaces rcahtcf ti mbsnha

niipcrhtbio. Vlc ^P whs hooiycf tlht whrobods wlbnl lhf cxbstcf bo eboir mires sbonc :000

lhf jcco bdoircf hatliudl tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba kocw tlht tlc prcssurc io tlc jhokbod scnrcny

wiuaf rbsc bo tlc ocxt ychrs,80=wlbnl uatbehtcay mirncf tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba ti hnt rhtlcr tlho

haaiwbod h mrcc fcnbsbio ehkbod.

Vlc ^wbss pipuabst phrty (rbdlt wbod) gibocf tlc hrduecots im eist im tlc phrtbcs hof

ceplhsbzcf tlht tlc echsurcs oiw hfiptcf lhf ti jc thkco wbtl rcspcnt ti itlcr immslirc

ncotcrs, si ^wbtzcrahof wiuaf stbaa jc ho httrhntbvc mbohonbha ncotcr.804 Vlbs whs ncrthboay ho

bepirthot hspcnt mir h ait im ^wbss phrabhecothrbhos hs tlcsc absts wlbnl lhf jcco nrchtcf lhf

jcco phrt im piabtbnha piwcr pahy. Mir cxhepac Jrbtbsl mbohonbha ncotcrs sunl tlc bsac im Gcrscy

hof tlc bsac im Eholhf jcco mbdurbod io tlc wlbtc abst, hatliudl bt whs koiwo tlht iphnbty

lhf jcco rcbdobod mir h aiod tbec. Vlc ecrc mhnt tlht h niuotry lhf hntuhaay sbdocf twcavc

fiujac thxhtbio trchtbcs fbf oit ocncsshrbay tcaa h ait hjiut tlc quhabty im tlc mbsnha niipcrhtbio

rcdbec, hof sliwcf ti wlht cxtcot hrjbtrhry rcbdocf bo tlcsc kbofs im ehttcrs.800>:, Frbodabnlc Botcrpcaahtbio Mrbnk Jruoi ^btuhtbio fcs Mbohozpahtzcs ^nlwcbz80=

Bjbf.804Bjbf.80


33/43

>>

Vlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio lhf pujabslcf h prcss rcachsc io tlc 8> tlim Ehrnl :002, hmtcr

lhvbod fbsnusscf haa fbmmcrcot sncohrbis im pissbjac iutniecs hof rcpcrnussbios mir

^wbtzcrahof. Bt sthtcf tlht tlbs "mirwhrf" strhtcdy hntuhaay whs tlc jcst siautbio mir

^wbtzcrahof. Tly whs tlbs tlc nhsc9 Vlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio whs bo mhvir im tlbs

strhtcdy, hs wbtl tlc hfiptbio im hrtbnac := im tlc ICNF Eifca Niovcotbio, ^wbtzcrahof

wiuaf mbrstay, oit lhvc ti cxnlhodc bomirehtbio hutiehtbnhaay wbtl phrtocr sthtcs. ^cniofay,

"mbslbod cxpcfbtbios" (h princfurc bo wlbnl sthtcs wiuaf rhofieay ehkc boqubrbcs hjiut tlcbr

nbtbzcos) wiuaf oit jc pissbjac. Vlbrfay, cvcry fiujac trchty wbtl hoitlcr sthtc lhf ti jc

ocditbhtcf bofbvbfuhaay. ^i tlc cxtcot im tlc bomirehtbio cxnlhodc whs oit h dcocrha siautbio

wlbnl niemirtcf tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio. Miurtlay, tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio tiik

boti hnniuot tlht botcrohtbioha nustiecrs wli ioay lhf nieebttcf thx mrhuf ir thx cvhsbio

wiuaf oit jc pritcntcf hoyeirc. Mbmtlay, tlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio hskcf tlc Mcfcrha

Niuonba oit ti dbvc bo, bo nhscs im uobahtcrha prcssurc (bepaybod tlht trchtbcs iudlt ti jc

rcnbprinha). Mbohaay, tlc gurbsprufconc mir tlc cxcrtbio im fiujac thxhtbio trchtbcs fbf oit

stbpuahtc hoy rctrispcntbvc trchtecot im hoy kbof im mrhuf.802

Hatliudl tlc fbstbontbio jctwcco mbsnha cvhsbio hof mbsnha mrhuf fbf oit cxbst hoyeirc mir

botcrohtbioha nustiecrs bt stbaa pcrsbstcf mir ohtbioha nustiecrs. Vlc ^wbss jhokcrs hssinbhtbio

hasi ecotbiocf tlht ^wbss jhokbod scnrcny whs stbaa bo mirnc mir uprbdlt botcrohtbioha

nustiecrs bepaybod tlht nustiecrs wli lhf fcpisbtcf tlcbr muofs bo ^wbtzcrahof hof pripcray

fcnahrcf tlce ti tlcbr rcsbfcotbha sthtc fbf oit lhvc ti mchr hoy prbvhny aiss.880

6.> Botcrohtbioha niotcxt

Bo :002, ^wbtzcrahof nhec uofcr coireius prcssurc, hs tlbs prcssurc lhf jcco jubafbod up

niosthotay hof whs h rcsuat im ehnri-cnioiebnha nbrnuesthoncs hof botcrohtbioha mbsnha hof

802^TB^^ JHOKBOD. Fhs Tbnltbdstc bo Krzc zue ]crlhofauodshodcjit fcs Juofcsrhtcs lbosbnltabnl Hetslbamc

bo ^tcucrmrhdco vie 8>. Erz :002.:002880Bjbf.


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>6

piabtbnha botcrcsts, wlbnl miuof ho uousuha uohobebty im tlc eist bepirthot cnioiebn

ohtbios.888

Ioc im tlc rchsios mir ^wbtzcrahof's jclhvbir ti rhpbfay hfipt tlc botcrohtbioha sthofhrfs

ncrthboay abcs bo tlc mhnt tlht ^wbtzcrahof lhf jcco prcssurcf botcrohtbiohaay jy ICNF sthtcs,

tlc D-:0, tlc Sobtcf ^thtcs hof tlc Curipcho Sobio hs eunl hs bts ocbdljir Dcrehoy. Mir

cxhepac bo :002, mbohonbha ebobstcr Pccr ^tcbojrnk lcaf h privinhtbvc spccnl ehkbod vbsuha

niephrbsios nhaabod ^wbtzcrahof "ohtbvc Bofbhos". Hs tlc "nhrrit" lhf oit jcco wirkbod mir

^wbtzcrahof, lc oiw shw tlc urdc mir tlc "stbnk".88: Vlc wliac ecsshdc whs vcry jhfay

rcncbvcf bo ^wbtzcrahof hs ^tcbojrnk lhf harchfy tlrchtcocf ti put ^wbtzcrahof io h jahnk

abst chrabcr. Vlbs lhf fctcrbirhtcf fbpaiehtbn hof pujabn rcahtbios wbtl Dcrehoy.

Mbsnha hof cnioiebnha prijaces wbtl Dcrehoy wcrc ieobprcscot hs siec bofbvbfuhas hof

jhok cepaiyccs lhf stiaco pcrsioha fhth im nustiecrs, jurot tlc fhth io h niephnt fbsn hof

siaf tlc fhth ti tlc Dcreho hutlirbtbcs, bo :080.88>^i, tcosc rcahtbios lhvc oit niiacf imm hof

cvco wirscocf hs gust rcncotay, bo Ehrnl :08: tlrcc immbncrs mrie tlc Dcreho thx

bovcstbdhtbio lhf jcco hrrcstcf io ^wbss siba.886

Vlbs htthnk bs tlc mbrst htthnk wlbnl sunnccfcf. Bt whs h "niirfbohtcf" httcept (bo h rcuobio

wlbnl whs hjac ti ecct up fuc ti tlc niaahpsc im tlc jbpiahr systce hmtcr 82688:

OWW. Pccr ^tcbojrnk ifcr fbc Aust he Jrskbcrco. Pujabslcf io tlc 8.:002 [ioabocU hof HZF. Vhdcssnlhu.Fbc Tut fcr ^nlwcbzcr jcr Pcbtsnlco uof Khvhaacrbc. Pujabslcf io tlc 06.0HZF. Vhdcssnlhu. ^nlwcbzcr Piabtbkcr sprbnlt vio "Krbcdscrkaruod".Pujabslcf io tlc >8.0>.:08: [ioabocU886MHW. MFP obeet fbc ^nlwcbz bo ^nlutz. Pujabslcf io tlc 0>.06.:08:[ioabocU


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>3

mir rcbovcstecot boti tlc fiecstbn cnioiey. Vlc rcbovcstecot lhf ti jc phycf jy tlc

divcroecot, wlbnl hdhbo rcncbvcs bts divcroecot spcofbod ir bovcstecot eiocy mrie tlc thx

phycrs. Sp ti tlc mbohonbha nrbsbs bo :00


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>=

3. Nionausbio

Tbtl tlc hbf im tlrcc sbebahr nhsc stufbcs tlc fbsscrthtbio hbecf ti sliw h fcvcaipecot bo tlc

jhokbod scnrcny hs wcaa hs bo tlc prhntbnc im mbsnha niipcrhtbio im ^wbtzcrahof's piabny. Bo h

mbrst pcrbif wbtl tlc Phrbs hmmhbr tlc fbsscrthtbio sliwcf tlht ^wbtzcrahof fbf wcaa bo tlc

jbahtcrha ocditbhtbios wbtl Mrhonc, thkbod hfvhothdc im tlc piabtbnha niotcxt wlbnl whs

fctcrbirhtbod. Bo h scniof plhsc, tlc pcrbif furbod hof hmtcr tlc ^cniof Tiraf Thr whs

ehrkcf jy botcrohtbioha prcssurc cspcnbhaay niebod mrie Haabcf Mirncs. Vlcy wcrc hjac ti

mirnc ^wbtzcrahof ti ncrthbo nioncssbios sunl hs hntbios fbsnrbebohtbod tlc Hxbs Piwcrs.

^wbtzcrahof whs stbaa hjac ti rchp aits im dhbos bo tlc ocditbhtbios jy phybod h ncrthbo nrcfbt

mir tlc rcniostruntbio im Curipc, sbebahr ti tlc nrcfbt wlbnl bt lhf immcrcf tlc Mrconl rhbawhys

furbod tlc Phrbs hmmhbr. Hatliudl ^wbtzcrahof lhf ti aiik mir ncrthbo liafcrs im Liainhust

vbntbes' hnniuots hof aiitcf muofs tlbs whs oit h ludc nioncssbio bo niephrbsio ti tlc ioc

wlbnl ^wbtzcrahof lhf ti ehkc bo :002. Bm ^wbtzcrahof lhf jcco hjac ti shmcduhrf bts ehbo

botcrcsts up ti oiw, tlbs nlhodcf bo :002. Fbmmcrcot botcrohtbioha rchsios sunl hs niostrhbots

wlbnl wcrc niirfbohtcf hof lhppcocf ti innur io tlc shec eiecot hs wcaa hs tlc

cnioiebnha nrbsbs ehrkcf tlcsc cvcots. Eirc bepirthot, rchsios io tlc ohtbioha snhac pahycf h

ehgir riac hs wcaa. Vlc Mcfcrha Niuonba fbf oit lhvc h jbd nlibnc hof bt ehfc nioncssbios ti

hvibf h murtlcr fctcrbirhtbod sthtus mrie tlc drcy ti tlc jahnk abst. Vlc Mcfcrha Niuonba ehfc

tlcsc fcnbsbios hs itlcr piabtbnha iptbios wiuaf lhvc cxbstcf ti rcsbst (bo irfcr ti rchp siec

hffbtbioha dhbos) jut tlcy bonurrcf h vcry lbdl rbsk (mir tlc bofustrbha scntir) wlbnl whs

sbepay tii lbdl.

Tlht bs fbmmcrcot mrie itlcr cvcots bo :002, bs tlc mhnt tlht rcsbsthonc fbf oit rchaay cxbst ti

tlc Mcfcrha Niuonba's fcnbsbio. Hatliudl bo tlc hmtcrehtl, furbod tlc phrabhecothry fbsnussbio

vibncs nrbtbnbzcf tlc Mcfcrha niuonba mir oit lhvbod hntcf chrabcr, tlc nrbtbquc whs oit hbecf ht

tlc fcnbsbio btscam.


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>4

^i bt whs oit ioay tlc botcrohtbioha niirfbohtcf prcssurc hof tlc mhnt tlht itlcr immslirc

niuotrbcs hfiptcf botcrohtbioha sthofhrfs ht tlc shec tbec, wlbnl niepcaacf ^wbtzcrahof ti bts

mhbtl bo Ehrnl :002. Vlc piabtbnha systce, h ahnk im botcrohtbioha botcdrhtbio hof octwirkbod

im ^wbtzcrahof wbtl tlcbr botcrohtbioha mcaaiw irdhos hof h phssbvc strhtcdy wcrc rchsios mir

tlbs cofbod hs wcaa.

Tlht nho ^wbtzcrahof achro mrie tlcsc cvcots9

Bm ^wbtzcrahof's "Fio't hsk - fio't tcaa" - piabny lhf acobcotay phsscf tlc htthnk furbod hof

hmtcr tlc ^cniof Tiraf Thr, tlc cvcot bo :002 ncrthboay fbfo't. Bm tlc botcrohtbioha

niostcaahtbio hmtcr tlc ^cniof Tiraf Thr (furbod tlc Niaf Thr) whs bo mhvir im ^wbtzcrahof

bo tcres im botcrohtbioha prcssurc, tlc sbtuhtbio bo :002 whs ncrthboay oi eirc niovcobcot hof

mhvirhjac. Bo mhnt, lhf tlbs botcrohtbioha hof ohtbioha niostcaahtbio bo :002 oit innurrcf, bt

wiuaf prijhjay ioay lhvc jcco h qucstbio im tbec wbtlbo wlbnl ^wbtzcrahof wiuaf lhvc lhf

ti hfipt botcrohtbioha sthofhrfs.

Bt wbaa jc botcrcstbod ti scc liw tlbods cviavc bo muturc hof bo wlht why tlc jhokbod scnrcny

bs dibod ti fcvcaip hof wbtl bt tlc qucstbio im tlc eutuha mbsnha niipcrhtbio9


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>2

JC^ÎO. ^yavhbo. Ac scnrct jhonhbrc. Prcsscs piaytcnlobqucs ct uobvcrsbthbrcsriehofcs. Ahushooc. :006.

JCZ^VCBO / EBAWH. ^crdc / Pbcrrc.Ah mbo fu eiofc curipco (8260-8263). Viec 8.Lhtbcr. Phrbs. 822=

LHOLHZFV ZCFIOFI / JZHBAAHZF / ^NLTHEE / HZVBDIV. ^hofrboc /Plbabppc / Lcorb / Mairconbi. ^cnrct jhonhbrc ct pahnc mbohonbrc7 ac niejht fc ahûbssc. Ncotrc Phtrioha. Ahushooc. :002.

GCHOOCZCV. ]boncot. Vrhosphrhonc ct scnrct fhos a'irfrc gurbfbquc. fbtbiosâhtkboc. Dcovc. :080.

PCZZCOISF / APCW / HFHOK / JHSEHOO / NIZVHV / PCVCZ^. Ehrn /Zifrbdi / Mairbho / Gho / Hahbo / ûzhooc. Ah pahnc mbohonbrc ct acs jhoqucs subsscs

a'piquc fu ohtbioha - sinbhabsec7 Acs rcahtbios fcs drhofcs jhoqucs hvcn a'Haacehdoc(82>8-826=). fbtbios Phyit. Nlriois ]crahd. Wrbnl. :00:.

PCZZCOISF / APCW. Ehrn / Zifrbdi. Hspcnts fcs rcahtbios mbohonbrcs mrhoni-subsscs (82>=-826=). fbtbios Phyit. Nlriois ]crahd. Wrbnl. :00:.

EIZNI^. Phua D. . Ac scnrct jhonhbrc mhnc scs fmbs7 Abjho, Mrhonc, ûbssc,Auxcejiurd ct Eiyco-Irbcot7 Vcrrirbsec, Jahonlbecot, Nirruptbio, Nrbebohabt,Mbsnhabt, Vrhosphrconc, Vcnloiaidbc jhonhbrc, Nionurrconc, Cvhsbio fc nhpbthux,Niombhonc, ]bc prbvc, Prispcrbt, îuvcrhbot. fbtbios Jruyahot - Jruxcaacs.Jcyriutl. :00.

ECZKB. Nlrbstipl Ehrbh. Curiphs Mbohozzcotrco, Dcsnlbnltc uof Jcfcutuod be :0.Ghlrluofcrt. Nhepus ]crahd DejL. Mrhokmurt he Ehbo. :003.


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60

ESCAACZ. Pctcr M. . Tcdacbtuod zue snlwcbzcrbsnlco Jhokdclcbeobs7 Druofahdco,Zcnltslbamc, Husjabnk. ^nluatlcss Piaydrhplbsnlcr ]crahd HD. Wrbnl. 822.:08: [ioabocU lttp7//www.thdcssnlhu.fc/husahof/stcucrfhtco80=.ltea (ahstniosuatcf 8:.6.:08:)

JHÂCZ WCBVSOD. 80 Ghlrc ^wbsshbr-Driuofbod.Pujabslcf io tlc :. Intijcr :008[ioabocU lttp7//jhzioaboc.nl/fissbcrs/wbrtsnlhmt/fissbcr:.ltea9fissbcrYbf580=< (ahstniosuatcf :3.3.:088)

JBAHOW. ÔJ/Zcnltscxpcrtco mbofco Fcvbscodcsnlmtc vio Lbafcjrhof lcbkca.Pujabslcf io tlc =.8.:08: [ioabocU lttp7//www.jbahoz.nl/ocws/sojrcnltscxpcrtco-mbofco-fcvbscodcsnlhcmtc-vio-lbafcjrhof-lcbkca (ahst niosuatcf io tlc ::.>.:08:)

MHW. MFP obeet fbc ^nlwcbz bo ^nlutz. Pujabslcf io tlc 0>.06.:08: [ioabocUlttp7//www.mhz.oct/hktucaa/wbrtsnlhmt/lhmtjcmclac-dcdco-fcutsnlc-stcucrmhlofcr-mfp-obeet-fbc-snlwcbz-bo-snlutz-8840=6=6.ltea

OWW.Hmmrc ue ÔJ-Prsbfcot Lbafcjrhof spbtzt sbnl zu. Pujabslcf io tlc 3.8.:08:[ioabocU lttp7//www.ozz.nl/ohnlrbnltco/wbrtsnlhmt/hktucaa/fbcYhmmhcrcYueYsoj-

prhcsbfcotYlbafcjrhofYspbtztYsbnlYzuY8.86886=2:.ltea (ahst niosuatcf io tlc::.>.:08:)


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68

OWW. Fcr ^tcucrwcttjcwcrj bo Curiph jalt. Pujabslcf io tlc 8.ltea (ahst niosuatcf 8:.6.:08:)

VHDC^-HOWCBDCZ. Ecrz hotwirtct ICNF7 Obnlts vie D-:0-Humtrhd dcwusst.Pujabslcf io tlc 80.06.:002 [ioabocUlttp7//www.thdcshozcbdcr.nl/snlwcbz/sthofhrf/ICNFNlcm-snlrcbjt-Ecrz-cboco-Jrbcm-Cr-lhjc-stcts-dcwhrot/stiry/:=3026:0 (ahst niosuatcf 0=.03.:08:)

VHDC^-HOWCBDCZ. ]baabdcr vcrdacbnlt SJ^-Fcshstcr ebt ^wbsshbr-Driuofbod.pujabslcf io tlc 0:.03.:08: [ioabocUlttp7//www.thdcshozcbdcr.nl/wbrtsnlhmt/uotcrocleco-uof-kioguoktur/]baabdcr-vcrdacbnlt-SJ^Fcshstcr-ebt-^wbsshbrDriuofbod/stiry/82=>2=4> (ahst niosuatcf:3.3.:08:)

VLC DSHZFBHO.^wbtzcrahof eivcs ti niothbo mrhon hpprcnbhtbio. Pujabslcf io tlc>./swbtzcrahof-mrhon-ivcrvhaucf-botcrvcotbio (ahst niosuatcf io tlc ::.>.:08:)

TIW. Fcr Jhokcr has Lbamsslcrbmm. pujabslcf io tlc 80.0:.:003 [ioabocUlttp7//www.wiz.nl/030=/fbc-dcafehsnlboc-ujs/fcr-jhokcr-has-lbamsslcrbmm (ahstniosuatcf io tlc :3.3.:08:)

Itlcr siurncs

NIOMCZCONC7 "AC ZHPPIZV JCZDBCZ 80 hos hprs", ht tlc Sobvcrsbty imAhushooc wbtl ^jhstbco Ducx, Ehrn Pcrrcoiuf, cx mcfcrha niuoscaair Zutl Frcbmusshof itlcr cxpcrts, lcaf ht tlc :8st im Ehrnl :08: mrie 8


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6:

4. Hoocx

Ahw cxncrpts (JKD)

(acdhaay vhabf Dcreho vcrsbio hvhbahjac ht lttp7//www.hfebo.nl/nl/f/sr/23:Y0/h64.ltea)

Hrt. 64

8 Ebt Mrcblcbtsstrhmc jbs zu frcb Ghlrco ifcr Dcafstrhmc wbrf jcstrhmt, wcr virstzabnl7

h.cbo Dclcbeobs immcojhrt, fhs ble bo scbocr Cbdcosnlhmt has Irdho, Hodcstcaatcr, Jchumtrhdtcrifcr Abqubfhtir cbocr Jhok, has Irdho ifcr Hodcstcaatcr cbocr Prmdcscaasnlhmt hovcrtrhutwirfco bst ifcr fhs cr bo fbcscr Cbdcosnlhmt whlrdcoieeco lht;

j.

zu cbocr sianlco ]cractzuod fcs Jcrumsdclcbeobsscs zu vcracbtco sunlt.: Tcr mhlrassbd lhofcat, wbrf ebt Jussc jbs zu :30 000 Mrhokco jcstrhmt.

> Be Mhaa cbocr Tbcfcrliauod boocrt mom Ghlrco ohnl fcr rcnltskrmtbdco ]crurtcbauod jctrdtfbc Dcafstrhmc ebofcstcos 63 Vhdcsstzc.

6 Fbc ]cractzuod fcs Jcrumsdclcbeobsscs bst hunl ohnl Jccofbduod fcs hetabnlco ifcrfbcostabnlco ]crlatobsscs ifcr fcr Jcrumshusjuod strhmjhr.

3 ]irjclhatco jacbjco fbc cbfdcossbsnlco uof khotiohaco Jcstbeeuodco jcr fbcWcudobspmabnlt uof jcr fbc Huskuomtspmabnlt dcdcojcr cbocr Jclrfc.

= ]crmiaduod uof Jcurtcbauod fcr Lhofauodco ohnl fbcscr Jcstbeeuod ijabcdco fcoKhotioco. Fbc haadcecboco Jcstbeeuodco fcs trhmdcsctzjunlcs kieeco zur Howcofuod.


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Ehp im ICNF :002

(thkco mrie LHOLHZFV ZCFIOFI / JZHBAAHZF / ^NLTHEE / HZVBDIV. ^cnrctjhonhbrc ct pahnc mbohonbrc7 ac niejht fc ah ^ubssc. :002. p.8=)

the swiss banking secrecy: ubi abscondis?

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