the treaty of peace between the allied and associated powers

7/27/2019 The Treaty of Peace Between the Allied and Associated Powers

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THETREATYOFPEACEBETWEENTHEALLIEDANDASSOCIATEDPOWERSANDTURKEYSIGNEDATSVRESAUGUST10,1920THEBRITISHEMPIRE,FRANCE,ITALYANDJAPAN,

ThesePowersbeingdescribedinthepresentTreatyasthePrincipalAlliedPowers;

ARMENIA,BELGIUM,GREECE,THEHEDJAZ,POLAND,PORTUGAL,ROUMANIA,THESERBCROATSLOVENESTATEANDCZECHOSLOVAKIA,

ThesePowersconstituting,withthePrincipalPowersmentionedabove,theAlliedPowers,oftheonepart;

ANDTURKEY,

oftheotherpart;

WhereasontherequestoftheImperialOttomanGovernmentanArmisticewasgrantedtoTurkeyonOctober30,1918,bythePrincipalAlliedPowersinorderthataTreatyofPeacemightbeconcluded,and

WhereastheAlliedPowersareequallydesirousthatthewarinwhichcertainamongthemweresuccessivelyinvolved,directlyorindirectly,againstTurkey,andwhichoriginatedinthedeclarationofwaragainstSerbiaonJuly28,I914,bytheformerImperialandRoyalAustroHungarianGovernment,andinthehostilitiesopenedbyTurkeyagainsttheAlliedPowersonOctober29,1914,andconductedbyGermanyinalliancewithTurkey,shouldbereplacedbyafirm,justanddurablePeace,

ForthispurposetheHIGHCONTRACTINGPARTIEShaveappointedastheirPlenipotentiaries:

HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDIRELANDANDOFTHEBRITISHDOMINIONSBEYONDTIIESEAS,EMPEROROF

INDIA:

SirGeorgeDixonGRAHAME,K.C.V.O.,MinisterPlenipotentiaryofHisBritannicMajestyatParis;

fortheDOMINIONofCANADA:

TheHonourableSirGeorgeHalseyPERLEY,K.C.M.G

HighCommissionerforCanadaintheUnitedKingdom;

fortheCOMMONWEALTHofAUSTRALIA:


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TheRightHonourableAndrewFISHER,HighCommissionerforAustraliaintheUnitedKingdom;

fortheDOMINIONofNEWZEALAND:

SirGeorgeDixonGRAHAME,K.C.V.O.,MinisterPlenipotentiaryofHisBritannicMajestyatParis;

fortheUNIONofSOUTHAFRICA:

Mr.ReginaldAndrewBLANKENBERG,O.B.E.,ActingHighCommissionerfortheUnionofSouthAfricaintheUnitedKingdom;

forINDIA:

SirArthurHIRTZEL,K.C.B.,AssistantUnderSecretaryofStateforIndia;

THEPRESIDENTOFTHEFRENCHREPUBLIC:

Mr.AlexandreMILLERAND,PresidentoftheCouncil,MinisterforForeignAffairs

Mr.FredericFRANOISMARSAL,MinisterofFinance

Mr.AugustePaulLouisISAAC,MinisterofCommerceandIndustry;

Mr.JulesCAMBON,AmbassadorofFrance

Mr.GeorgesMauricePALOLOGUE,AmbassadorofFrance,SecretaryGeneraloftheMinistryofForeignAffairs;

HisMAJESTYTHEKINGOFITALY:

CountLELIOBONINLONGARE,SenatoroftheKingdom

Ambassador

Extraordinary

and

Plenipotentiary

of

H.

M.

the

King

of

Italy

at

Paris

GeneralGiovanniMARIETTI,ItalianMilitaryRepresentativeontheSupremeWarCouncil;

HlsMAJESTYTHEEMPEROROFJAPAN:

ViscountCHINDA,AmbassadorExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theEmperorofJapanatLondon;

Mr.K.MATSUI,AmbassadorExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theEmperorof

JapanatParis;


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ARMENIA:

Mr.AvetisAHARONIAN,PresidentoftheDelegationoftheArmenianRepublic;

HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEBELGIANS:

Mr.JulesVANDENHEUVEL,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiary,MinisterofState;

Mr.ROLINJAEQUEMYNS,MemberoftheInstituteofPrivateInternationalLaw,SecretaryGeneraloftheBelgianDelegation;

HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEHELLENES:

Mr.EleftheriosK.VENIZELOS,PresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters;

Mr.AthosROMANOS,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theKingoftheHellenesatParis;

HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEHEDJAZ:

THEPRESIDENTOFTHEPOLISHREPUBLIC:

CountMauriceZAMOYSKI,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofthePolishRepublicatParis;

Mr.ErasmePILTZ;

THEPRESIDENTOFTHEPORTUGUESEREPUBLIC:

Dr.AffonsodaCOSTA,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters;

HisMAJESTYTHEKINGOFROUMANIA:

Mr.Nicolae

TITULESCU,

Minister

of

Finance;

PrinceDIMITRIEGHIKA,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theKingofRoumaniaatParis;

HlsMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHESERBS,THECROATSANDTHESLOVENES:

Mr.NicolasP.PACHITCH,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters;

Mr.AnteTRUMBIC,MinisterforForeignAffairs;


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THEPRESIDENTOFTHECZECHOSLOVAKREPUBLIC:

Mr.EdwardBENES,MinisterforForeignAffairs;

Mr.StephenOSUSKY,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryoftheCzecho

SlovakRepublicatLondon;

TURKEY:

GeneralHAADIPasha,Senator;

RIZATEVFIKBey,Senator;

RECHADHALISSBey,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofTurkeyatBerne;

WHO,havingcommunicatedtheirfullpowers,foundingoodanddueform,haveAGREEDASFOLLOWS:

FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatythestateofwarwillterminate.

FromthatmomentandsubjecttotheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,officiairelationswillexistbetweentheAlliedPowersandTurkey.

PARTI.

THECOVENANTOFTHELEAGUEOFNATIONS.

ARTICLES1TO26ANDANNEX

SeePartI,TreatyofVersailles,Pages1023.

PART

II.

FRONTIERSOFTURKEY.

ARTICLE27.

I.InEurope,thefrontiersofTurkeywillbelaiddownasfollows:

1.TheBlackSea:fromtheentranceoftheBosphorustothepointdescribedbelow.

2.With

Greece:


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FromapointtobechosenontheBlackSeanearthemouthoftheBiyukDere,situatedabout7kilometresnorthwestofPodima,southwestwardstothemostnorthwesterlypointofthelimitofthebasinoftheIstranjaDere(about8kilometresnorthwestofIstranja),alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingthroughKapiljaDaghandUchbunarTepe;thencesouthsoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenontherailwayfromChorlutoChatalja

about1kilometrewestoftherailwaystationofSinekli,alinefollowingasfaraspossiblethewesternlimitofthebasinoftheIstranjaDere;thencesoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenbetweenFenerandKurfalionthewatershedbetweenthebasinsofthoseriverswhichflowintoBiyukChekmejeGeul,onthenortheast,andthebasinofthoseriverswhichflowdirectintotheSeaofMarmoraonthesouthwest,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingsouthofSinekli;thencesoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenontheSeaofMarmoraabout1kilometresouthwestofKalikratia,alinefollowingasfaraspossiblethiswatershed.

3.TheSeaofMarmora:fromthepointdefinedabovetotheentranceoftheBosphorus.

II.InAsia,thefrontiersofTurkeywillbelaiddownasfollows:1.OntheWestandSouth:FromtheentranceoftheBosphorusintotheSeaofMarmoratoapointdescribedbelow,situatedintheeasternMediterraneanSeaintheneighbourhoodoftheGulfofAlexandrettanearKaratashBuruntheSeaofMarmora,theDardanelles,andtheEasternMediterraneanSea;theislandsoftheSeaofMarmora,andthosewhicharesituatedwithinadistanceof3

miles

from

the

coast,

remaining

Turkish,

subject

to

the

provisions

of

Section

IV

and

Articles

84and122,PartIII(PoliticalClauses).

2.WithSyria:FromapointtobechosenontheeasternbankoftheoutletoftheHassanDede,about3kilometresnorthwestofKaratashBu run,northeastwardstoapointtobechosenontheDjaihunIrmakabout1kilometrenorthofBabeli,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingnorthofKaratash;thencetoKesikKale,thecourseoftheDjaihunIrmakupstream;thencenortheastwardstoapointtobechosenontheDjaihunIrmakabout15kilometreseastsoutheastofKarsbazar,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingnorthofKaraTepe;

thencetothebendintheDjaihunIrmaksituatedwestofDuldulDagh,thecourseoftheDjaihunIrmakupstream;thenceinageneralsoutheasterlydirectiontoapointtobechosenonEmirMusiDaghabout15kilometressouthsouthwestofGiaourGeulalinetobefixedonthegroundatadistanceofabout18kilometresfromtherailway,andleavingDuldulDaghtoSyria;thenceeastwardstoapointtobechosenabout5kilometresnorthofUrfaagenerallystraightlinefromwesttoeasttobehxedonthegroundpassingnorthoftheroadsconnectingthetownsofBagh che,Aintab,Biridjik,andUrfaandleavingthelastthreenamedtownstoSyria;

thenceeastwardstothesouthwesternextremityofthebendintheTigrisabout6kilometresnorthofAzekh(27kilometreswestofDjezireibnOmar),agenerallystraightlinefromwesttoeasttobefixedonthegroundleavingthetownofMardintoSyria;


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thencetoapointtobechosenontheTigrisbetweenthepointofconfluenceoftheKhaburSuwiththeTigrisandthebendintheTigrissituatedabout10kilometresnorthofthispoint,

thecourseoftheTigrisdownstream,leavingtheislandonwhichissituatedthetownofDjezireibnOmartoSyria.

3.WithMesopotamia:

ThenceinageneraleasterlydirectiontoapointtobechosenonthenorthernboundaryofthevilayetofMosul,

alinetobefixedontheground;

thenceeastwardstothepointwhereitmeetsthefrontierbetweenTurkeyandPersia,

thenorthernboundaryofthevilayetofMosul,modified,however,soastopasssouthofAmadia.

4.OntheEastandtheNorthEast:

FromthepointabovedefinedtotheBlackSea,theexistingfrontierbetweenTurkeyandPersia,thentheformerfrontierbetweenTurkeyandRussia,subjecttotheprovisionsofArticle89.

5.

The

Black

Sea.

ARTICLE28.

ThefrontiersdescribedbythepresentTreatyaretracedontheoneinamillionmapsattachedtothepresentTreaty.Incaseofdifferencesbetweenthetextandthemap,thetextwillprevail.[SeeIntroduction.]

ARTICLE29.

BoundaryCommissions,whosecompositionisorwillbefixedinthepresentTreatyorinTreatiessupplementarythereto,willhavetotracethesefrontiersontheground.

Theyshallhavethepower,notonlyoffixingthoseportionswhicharedefinedas alinetobefixedontheground,butalso,iftheCommissionconsidersitnecessary,ofrevisinginmattersofdetailportionsdefinedbyadministrativeboundariesorotherwise.TheyshallendeavourinallcasestofollowasnearlyaspossiblethedescriptionsgivenintheTreaties,takingintoaccount,asfaraspossible,administrativeboundariesandlocaleconomicinterests.

ThedecisionsoftheCommissionswillbetakenbyamajority,andshallbebindingonthepartiesconcerned.


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TheexpensesoftheBoundaryCommissionswillbeborneinequalsharesbythepartiesconcerned.

ARTICLE30.

Insofarasfrontiersdefinedbyawaterwayareconcerned,thephrases course or channelusedinthedescriptionsofthepresentTreatysignify,asregardsnonnavigablerivers,themedianlineofthewaterwayorofitsprincipalbranch,and,asregardsnavigablerivers,themedianlineoftheprincipalchannelofnavigation.ItwillrestwiththeBoundaryCommissionsprovidedforbythepresentTreatytospecifywhetherthefrontierlineshallfollowanychangesofthecourseorchannelwhichmaytakeplace,orwhetheritshallbedefinitelyfixedbythepositionofthecourseorchannelatthetimewhenthepresentTreatycomesintoforce.

In

the

absence

of

provisions

to

the

contrary

in

the

present

Treaty,

islands

and

islets

Iying

withinthreemilesofthecoastareincludedwithinthefrontierofthecoastalState.

ARTICLE31.

ThevariousStatesconcernedundertaketofurnishtotheCommissionsalldocumentsnecessaryfortheirtasks,especiallyauthenticcopiesofagreementsfixingexistingoroldfrontiers,alllargescalemapsinexistence,geodeticdata,surveyscompletedbutunpublished,andinformationconcerningthechangesoffrontierwatercourses.Themaps,geodeticdata,andsurveys,evenifunpublished,whichareinthepossessionoftheTurkish

authoritiesmustbedeliveredatConstantinople,withinthirtydaysfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,tosuchrepresentativeoftheCommissionsconcernedasmaybeappointedbytheprincipalAlliedPowers.

TheStatesconcernedalsoundertaketoinstructthelocalauthoritiestocommunicatetotheCommissionsalldocuments,especiallyplans,cadastralandlandbooks,andtofurnishondemandalldetailsregardingproperty,existingeconomicconditions,andothernecessaryinformation.

ARTICLE32.

ThevariousStatesinterestedundertaketogiveeveryassistancetotheBoundaryCommissions,whetherdirectlyorthroughlocalauthorities,ineverythingthatconcernstransport,accommodation,labour,materials(signposts,boundarypillars)necessaryfortheaccomplishmentoftheirmission.

InparticulartheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofurnishtothePrincipalAlliedPowerssuchtechnicalpersonnelastheymayconsidernecessarytoassisttheBoundaryCommissionsintheaccomplishmentoftheirmission.

ARTICLE33.


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ThevariousStatesinterestedundertaketosafeguardthetrigonometricalpoints,signals,postsorfrontiermarkserectedbytheCommissions.

ARTICLE34

Thepillarswillbeplacedsoastobeintervisible;theywillbenumbered,andtheirpositionandtheirnumberwillbenotedonacartographicdocument.

ARTICLE35.

Theprotocolsdefiningtheboundaryandthemapsanddocumentsattachedtheretowillbemadeoutintriplicate,ofwhichtwocopieswillbeforwardedtotheGovernmentsofthelimitropheStates,andthethirdtotheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublic,whichwilldeliverauthenticcopiestothePowerswhosignthepresentTreaty.

PARTIII.

POLITICALCLAUSES.SECTIONI.CONSTANTINOPLE.ARTICLE36.

SubjecttotheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,theHighContractingPartiesagreethatthe

rightsandtitleoftheTurkishGovernmentoverConstantinopleshallnotbeaffected,andthatthesaidGovernmentandHisMajestytheSultanshallbeentitledtoresidethereandtomaintaintherethecapitaloftheTurkishState.

Nevertheless,intheeventofTurkeyfailingtoobservefaithfullytheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,orofanytreatiesorconventionssupplementarythereto,particularlyasregardstheprotectionoftherightsofracial,religiousorlinguisticminorities,theAlliedPowersexpresslyreservetherighttomodifytheaboveprovisions,andTurkeyherebyagreestoacceptanydispositionswhichmaybetakeninthisconnection.

SECTIONII.

STRAITS.

ARTICLE37.

ThenavigationoftheStraits,includingtheDardanelles,theSeaofMarmoraandtheBosphorus,shallinfuturebeopen,bothinpeaceandwar,toeveryvesselofcommerceorofwarandtomilitaryandcommercialaircraft,withoutdistinctionofflag.


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Thesewatersshallnotbesubjecttoblockade,norshallanybelligerentrightbeexercisednoranyactofhostilitybecommittedwithinthem,unlessinpursuanceofadecisionoftheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.

ARTICLE33.

TheTurkishGovernmentrecognisesthatitisnecessarytotakefurthermeasurestoensurethefreedomofnavigationprovidedforinArticle37,andaccordinglydelegates,sofarasitisconcerned,toaCommissiontobecalledthe CommissionoftheStraits, andhereinafterreferredtoas theCommission, thecontrolofthewatersspecifiedinArticle39.

TheGreekGovernment,sofarasitisconcerned,delegatestotheCommissionthesamepowersandundertakestogiveitinallrespectsthesamefacilities.

SuchcontrolshallbeexercisedinthenameoftheTurkishandGreekGovernmentsrespectively,andinthemannerprovidedinthisSection.

ARTICLE39.

TheauthorityoftheCommissionwillextendtoallthewatersbetweentheMediterraneanmouthoftheDardanellesandtheBlackSeamouthoftheBosphorus,andtothewaterswithinthreemilesofeachofthesemouths.

Thisauthoritymaybeexercisedonshoretosuchextentasmaybenecessaryforthe

executionoftheprovisionsofthisSection.

ARTICLE40.

TheCommissionshallbecomposedofrepresentativesappointedrespectivelybytheUnitedStatesofAmerica(ifandwhenthatGovernmentiswillingtoparticipate),theBritishEmpire,France,Italy,Japan,Russia(ifandwhenRussiabecomesamemberoftheLeagueofNations),Greece,Roumania,andBulgariaandTurkey(ifandwhenthetwolatterStatesbecomemembersoftheLeagueofNations).EachPowershallappointonerepresentative.TherepresentativesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theBritishEmpire,France,Italy,JapanandRussiashalleachhavetwovotes.TherepresentativesofGreece,Roumania,andBulgariaandTurkeyshalleachhaveonevote.EachCommissionershallberemovableonlybytheGovernmentwhichappointedhim.

ARTICLE41.

TheCommissionersshallenjoy,withinthelimitsspecifiedinArticle39,diplomaticprivilegesandimmunities.

ARTICLE42.


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TheCommissionwillexercisethepowersconferredonitbythepresentTreatyincompleteindependenceofthelocalauthority.Itwillhaveitsownflag,itsownbudgetanditsseparateorganisation.

ARTICLE43.

WithinthelimitsofitsjurisdictionaslaiddowninArticle39theCommissionwillbechargedwiththefollowingduties:

(a)theexecutionofanyworksconsiderednecessaryfortheimprovementofthechannelsortheapproachestoharbours;

(b)thelightingandbuoyingofthechannels;

(c)thecontrolofpilotageandtowage;

(d)thecontrolofanchorages;

(e)thecontrolnecessarytoassuretheapplicationintheports

ofConstantinopleandHaidarPashaoftheregimeprescribedinArticles335to344,PartXI(Ports,WaterwaysandRailways)ofthepresentTreaty;

(f)thecontrolofallmattersrelatingtowrecksandsalvage;

(g)thecontroloflighterage;

ARTICLE44.

IntheeventoftheCommissionfindingthatthelibertyofpassageisbeinginterferedwith,itwillinformtherepresentativesatConstantinopleoftheAlliedPowersprovidingtheoccupyingforcesprovidedforinArticle178.TheserepresentativeswillthereuponconcertwiththenavalandmilitarycommandersofthesaidforcessuchmeasuresasmaybedeemednecessarytopreservethefreedomoftheStraits.Similaractionshallbetakenbythesaid

representativesintheeventofanyexternalactionthreateningthelibertyofpassageoftheStraits.

ARTICLE45.

Forthepurposeoftheacquisitionofanypropertyortheexecutionofanypermanentworkswhichmayberequired,theCommissionshallbeentitledtoraisesuchloansasitmayconsidernecessary.Theseloanswillbesecured,sofaraspossible,ontheduestobeleviedontheshippingusingtheStraits,asprovidedinArticle53.

ARTICLE46.


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ThefunctionspreviouslyexercisedbytheConstantinopleSuperiorCouncilofHealthandtheTurkishSanitaryAdministrationwhichwasdirectedbythesaidCouncil,andthefunctionsexercisedbytheNationalLifeboatServiceoftheBosphoruswillwithinthelimitsspecifiedinArticle39bedischargedunderthecontroloftheCommissionandinsuchmannerasitmaydirect.

TheCommissionwillcooperateintheexecutionofanycommonpolicyadoptedbytheLeagueofNationsforpreventingandcombatingdisease.

ARTICLE47.

SubjecttothegeneralpowersofcontrolconferredupontheCommission,therightsofanypersonsorcompaniesnowholdingconcessionsrelatingtolighthouses,docks,quaysorsimilarmattersshallbemaintained;buttheCommissionshallbeentitledifitthinksit

necessary

in

the

general

interest

to

buy

out

or

modify

such

rights

upon

the

conditions

laid

downinArticle311PartIX(EconomicClauses)ofthepresentTreaty,oritselftotakeupanewconcession.

ARTICLE48.

InordertofacilitatetheexecutionofthedutieswithwhichitisentrustedbythisSection,theCommissionshallhavepowertoorganisesuchaforceofspecialpoliceasmaybenecessary.ThisforceshallbedrawnsofaraspossiblefromthenativepopulationofthezoneoftheStraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178,PartV(Military,NavalandAirClauses),

excludingtheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,TenedosandMitylene.ThesaidforceshallbecommandedbyforeignpoliceofficersappointedbytheCommission.

ARTICLE49.

IntheportionofthezoneoftheStraits,includingtheislandsoftheSeaofMarmora,whichremainsTurkish,andpendingthecomingintoforceofthereformoftheTurkishjudicialsystemprovidedforinArticleI36,allinfringementsoftheregulationsandbylawsmadebytheCommission,committedbynationalsofcapitulatoryPowers,shallbedealtwithbythe

Consular

Courts

of

the

said

Powers.

The

Allied

Powers

agree

to

make

such

infringements

justiciablebeforetheirConsularCourtsorauthorities.InfringementscommittedbyTurkishnationalsornationalsofnoncapitulatoryPowersshallbedealtwithbythecompetentTurkishjudicialauthorities.

IntheportionofthesaidzoneplacedunderGreeksovereigntysuchinfringementswillbedealtwithbythecompetentGreekjudicialauthorities.

ARTICLE50.

TheofficersormembersofthecrewofanymerchantvesselvwithinthelimitsofthejurisdictionoftheCommissionwhomaybearrestedonshoreforanyoffencecommittedeitherashoreorafloatwithinthelimitsofthesaidjurisdictionshallbebroughtbeforethe


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competentjudicialauthoritybytheCommissionspolice.IftheaccusedwasarrestedotherwisethanbytheCommissionspoliceheshallimmediatelybehandedovertothem.

ARTICLE51.

TheCommissionshallappointsuchsubordinateofficersorofficialsasmaybefoundindispensabletoassistitincarryingoutthedutieswithwhichitischarged.

ARTICLE52.

InallmattersrelatingtothenavigationofthewaterswithinthelimitsofthejurisdictionoftheCommissionalltheshipsreferredtoinArticle37shallbetreateduponafootingofabsoluteequality.

ARTICLE53.

SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle47theexistingrightsunderwhichduesandchargescanbeleviedforvariouspurposes,whetherdirectbytheTurkishGovernmentorbyinternationalbodiesorprivatecompanies,onshipsorcargoeswithinthelimitsofthejurisdictionoftheCommissionshallbetransferredtotheCommisssionTheCommissionshallfixtheseduesandchargesatsuchamountsonlyasmaybereasonablynecessarytocoverthecostoftheworksexecutedandtheservicesrenderedtoshipping,includingthegeneralcostsandexpensesoftheadministrationoftheCommission,andthesalariesandpayprovidedforinparagraph3oftheAnnextothisSection.

ForthesepurposesonlyandwiththepriorconsentoftheCounciloftheLeagueofNationstheCommissionmayalsoestablishduesandchargesotherthanthosenowexistingandfixtheiramounts.

ARTICLE54.

AllduesandchargesimposedbytheCommissionshallbeleviedwithoutanydiscriminationandonafootingofabsoluteequalitybetweenallvessels,whatevertheirportoforigin,destinationordeparture,theirflagorownership,orthenationalityorownershipoftheircargoes.

ThisdispositiondoesnotaffecttherightoftheCommissiontofixinaccordancewithtonnagetheduesprovidedforbythisSection.

ARTICLE55.

TheTurkishandGreekGovernmentsrespectivelyundertaketofacilitatetheacquisitionbytheCommissionofsuchlandandbuildingsastheCommissionshallconsideritnecessaryto

acquireinordertocarryouteffectivelythedutieswithwhichitisentrusted.

ARTICLE56.


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ShipsofwarintransitthroughthewatersspecifiedinArticle39shallconforminallrespectstotheregulationsissuedbytheCommissionfortheobservanceoftheordinaryrulesofnavigationandofsanitaryrequirements.

ARTICLE57.

(1)BelligerentwarshipsshallnotrevictualnortakeinstoresexceptsofarasmaybestrictlynecessarytoenablethemtocompletethepassageoftheStraitsandtoreachthenearestportwheretheycancall,norshalltheyreplenishorincreasetheirsuppliesofwarmaterialortheirarmamentorcompletetheircrews,withinthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommission.Onlysuchrepairsasareabsolutelynecessarytorenderthemseaworthyshallbecarriedout,andtheyshallnotaddinanymannerwhatevertotheirfightingforce.TheCommissionshalldecidewhatrepairsarenecessary,andthesemustbecarriedoutwiththeleastpossibledelay.

(2)ThepassageofbelligerentwarshipsthroughthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommissionshallbeeffectedwiththeleastpossibledelay,andwithoutanyotherinterruptionthanthatresultingfromthenecessitiesoftheservice.

(3)ThestayofsuchwarshipsatportswithinthejurisdictionoftheCommissionshallnotexceedtwentyfourhoursexceptincaseofdistress.Insuchcasetheyshallbeboundtoleaveassoonaspossible.AnintervalofatleasttwentyfourhoursshallalwayselapsebetweenthesailingofabelligerentshipfromthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommissionandthedepartureofashipbelongingtoanopposingbelligerent.

(4)AnyfurtherregulationsaffectingintimeofwarthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommission,andrelatinginparticulartothepassageofwarmaterialandcontrabanddestinedfortheenemiesofTurkey,orrevictualling,takinginstoresorcarryingoutrepairsinthesaidwaters,willbelaiddownbytheLeagueofNations.

ARTICLE58.

Prizesshallinallrespectsbesubjectedtothesameconditionsasbelligerentvesselsofwar.

ARTICLE59.

Nobelligerentshallembarkordisembarktroops,munitionsofwarorwarlikematerialsinthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommission,exceptincaseofaccidentalhindranceofthepassage,andinsuchcasesthepassageshallberesumedwithallpossibledespatch.

ARTICLE60.

NothinginArticles57,58or59shallbedeemedtolimitthepowersofabelligerentor

belligerentsactinginpursuanceofadecisionbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.

ARTICLE61.


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AnydifferenceswhichmayarisebetweenthePowersastotheinterpretationorexecutionoftheprovisionsofthisSection,andasregardsConstantinopleandHaidarPashaoftheprovisionsofArticles335to344,PartXl(Ports,Waterways,andRailways)shallbereferredtotheCommission.IntheeventofthedecisionoftheCommissionnotbeingacceptedbyanyPower,thequestionshall,onthedemandofanyPowerconcerned,besettledasprovidedby

theLeagueofNations,pendingwhosedecisiontherulingoftheCommissionwillbecarriedout.

ANNEX

1.

TheChairmanshipoftheCommissionoftheStraitsshallberotatoryfortheperiodoftwoyearsamongthemembersoftheCommissionentitledtotwovotes.

TheCommissionshalltakedecisionsbyamajorityvoteandtheChairmanshallhaveacastingvote.Abstentionshallberegardedasavoteagainsttheproposalunderdiscussion.

EachoftheCommissionerswillhavetherighttodesignateadeputyCommissionertoreplacehiminhisabsence.

2

ThesalaryofeachmemberoftheCommissionwillbepaidbytheGovernmentwhich

appointedhim;thesesalarieswillbefixedatreasonableamountsagreeduponfromtimetotimebetweentheGovernmentsrepresentedontheCommission.

3

ThesalariesofthepoliceofficersreferredtoinArticle48,ofsuchotherofficialsandofficersasmaybeappointedunderArticle51,andthepayofthelocalpolicereferredtoinArticle48,shallbepaidoutofthereceiptsfromtheduesandchargesleviedonshipping.

TheCommissionshallframeregulationsastothetermsandcondltionsofemploymentofallofficersandofficialsappointed

4

TheCommissionshallhaveatitsdisposalsuchvesselsasmaybenecessarytoenableittocarryoutitsfunctionsaslaiddowninthisSectionandAnnex.

5

Inorder

to

carry

out

all

the

duties

with

which

it

is

charged

by

the

provisions

of

this

Section

andAnnexandwithinthelimitsthereinlaiddowntheCommissionwillhavethepowerto


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prepare,issueandenforcethenecessaryregulations;thispowerwillincludetherightofamendingsofarasmaybenecessaryorrepealingtheexistingregulations.

6.

TheCommissionshallframeregulationsastothemannerinwhichtheaccountsofallrevenuesandexpenditureofthefundsunderitscontrolshallbekept,theauditingofsuchaccountsandthepublicationeveryyearofafullandaccuratereportthereof.

SECTIONIII.KURDISTAN.ARTICLE62.

ACommissionsittingatConstantinopleandcomposedofthreemembersappointedbytheBritish,FrenchandItalianGovernmentsrespectivelyshalldraftwithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyaschemeoflocalautonomyforthepredominantlyKurdishareaslyingeastoftheEuphrates,southofthesouthernboundaryofArmeniaasitmaybehereafterdetermined,andnorthofthefrontierofTurkeywithSyriaandMesopotamia,asdefinedinArticle27,II(2)and(3).Ifunanimitycannotbesecuredonanyquestion,itwillbereferredbythemembersoftheCommissiontotheirrespectiveGovernments.TheschemeshallcontainfullsafeguardsfortheprotectionoftheAssyroChaldeansandotherracialorreligiousminoritieswithintheseareas,andwiththisobjectaCommissioncomposedofBritish,French,Italian,PersianandKurdishrepresentativesshallvisitthespottoexamineanddecidewhatrectifications,ifany,shouldbemadeintheTurkishfrontierwhere,undertheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,thatfrontiercoincideswiththatofPersia.

ARTICLE63.

TheTurkishGovernmentherebyagreestoacceptandexecutethedecisionsofboththeCommissionsmentionedinArticle62withinthreemonthsfromtheircommunicationtothesaidGovernment.

ARTICLE64.

IfwithinoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheKurdishpeopleswithintheareasdefinedinArticle62shalladdressthemselvestotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsinsuchamannerastoshowthatamajorityofthepopulationoftheseareasdesiresindependencefromTurkey,andiftheCouncilthenconsidersthatthesepeoplesarecapableofsuchindependenceandrecommendsthatitshouldbegrantedtothem,Turkeyherebyagreestoexecutesucharecommendation,andtorenounceallrightsandtitleovertheseareas.

ThedetailedprovisionsforsuchrenunciationwillformthesubjectofaseparateagreementbetweenthePrincipalAlliedPowersandTurkey.


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Ifandwhensuchrenunciationtakesplace,noobjectionwillberaisedbythePrincipalAlliedPowerstothevoluntaryadhesiontosuchanindependentKurdishStateoftheKurdsinhabitingthatpartofKurdistanwhichhashithertobeenincludedintheMosulvilayet.

SECTIONIV.

SMYRNA.ARTICLE65.

TheprovisionsofthisSectionwillapplytothecityofSmyrnaandtheadjacentterritorydefinedinArticle66,untilthedeterminationoftheirfinalstatusinaccordancewithArticle83.

ARTICLE66.

ThegeographicallimitsoftheterritoryadjacenttothecityofSmyrnawillbelaiddownasfollows:

FromthemouthoftheriverwhichflowsintotheAegeanSeaabout5kilometresnorthofSkalanova,eastwards,

thecourseofthisriverupstream;

thensoutheastwards,thecourseofthesouthernbranchofthisriver;

thensouth

eastwards,

to

the

western

point

of

the

crest

of

the

Gumush

Dagh;

AlinetobefixedonthegroundpassingwestofChinarK,andeastofAkcheOva;

thencenortheastwards,thiscrestline;

thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenontherailwayfromAyasoluktoDeirmendikabout1kilometrewestofBalachikstation,

alinetobefixedonthegroundleavingtheroadandrailwayfromSokiatoBalachikstation

entirelyinTurkishterritory;

thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenonthesouthernboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna,

alinetobefixedontheground;thencetoapointtobechosenintheneighbourhoodofBosDaghsituatedabout15kilometresnortheastofOdemish,thesouthernandeasternboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna;

thence

northwards

to

a

point

to

be

chosen

on

the

railway

from

Manisa

to

Alashehr

about

6

kilometreswestofSalihli,alinetobefixedontheground;


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thencenorthwardstoGeurenezDagh,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingeastofMermerGeulwestofKemer,crossingtheKumChaiapproximatelysouthofAkshalan,andthenfollowingthewatershedwestofKavakalan;

thencenorthwestwardstoapointtobechosenontheboundarybetweentheCazasofKirkagachandAkHissarabout18kilometreseastofKirkagachand20kilometresnorthofAkHissar,

alinetobefixedontheground;thencewestwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryoftheCazaofSoma,

thesouthernboundaryoftheCazaofKirkagach,thencewestwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna,

the

southern

boundary

of

the

Caza

of

Soma;

thencenorthwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryofthevilayetofSmyrna,

thenortheasternboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna;thencewestwardstoapointtobechosenintheneighbourhood

ofCharpajik(Tepe).

thenorthernboundaryofthevilayetofSmyrna;

thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenonthegroundabout4kilometressouthwestofKeuiluje,

alinetobefixedontheground;

thencewestwardstoapointtobeselectedonthegroundbetweenCapeDahlinaandKemerIskele,

alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingsouthofKemerandKemerIskeletogetherwiththeroadjoiningtheseplaces.

ARTICLE67.

ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytotraceonthespottheboundariesoftheterritoriesdescribedinArticle66.ThisCommissionshallbecomposedofthreemembersnominatedbytheBritish,FrenchandItalianGovernmentsrespectively,onemembernominatedbytheGreekGovernment,andonenominatedbytheTurkishGovernment.

ARTICLE68.


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SubjecttotheprovisionsofthisSection,thecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66willbeassimilated,intheapplicationofthepresentTreaty,toterritorydetachedfromTurkey.

ARTICLE69

ThecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66remainunderTurkishsovereignty.Turkey,however,transferstotheGreekGovernmenttheexerciseofherrightsofsovereigntyoverthecityofSmyrnaandthesaidterritory.InwitnessofsuchsovereigntytheTurkishflagshallremainpermanentlyhoistedoveranouterfortinthetownofSmyrna.ThefortwillbedesignatedbythePrincipalAlliedPowers.

ARTICLE70.

TheGreekGovernmentwillberesponsiblefortheadministrationofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66,andwilleffectthisadministrationbymeansofabodyofofficialswhichitwillappointspeciallyforthepurpose.

ARTICLE71.

TheGreekGovernmentshallbeentitledtomaintaininthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66themilitaryforcesrequiredforthemaintenanceoforderandpublicsecurity.

ARTICLE72.

Alocalparliamentshallbesetupwithanelectoralsystemcalculatedtoensureproportionalrepresentationofallsectionsofthepopulation,includingracial,linguisticandreligiousminorities.WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheGreekGovernmentshallsubmittotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsaschemeforanelectoralsystemcomplyingwiththeaboverequirements;thisschemeshallnotcomeintoforceuntilapprovedbyamajorityoftheCouncil.

TheGreekGovernmentshallbeentitledtopostponetheelectionsforsolongasmayberequiredforthereturnoftheinhabitantswhohavebeenbanishedordeportedbytheTurkishauthorities,butsuchpostponementshallnotexceedaperiodofoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty.

ARTICLE73.

TherelationsbetweentheGreekadministrationandthelocalparliamentshallbedeterminedbythesaidadministrationinaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheGreekConstitution.

ARTICLE74.


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CompulsorymilitaryserviceshallnotbeenforcedinthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66pendingthefinaldeterminationoftheirstatusinaccordancewithArticle83.

ARTICLE75.

TheprovisionsoftheseparateTreatyreferredtoinArticle86relatingtotheprotectionofracial,linguisticandreligiousminorities,andtofreedomofcommerceandtransit,shallbeapplicabletothecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.

ARTICLE76.

TheGreekGovernmentmayestablishaCustomsboundaryalongthefrontierlinedefinedinArticle66,andmayincorporatethecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinthesaidArticleintheGreekcustomssystem.

ARTICLE77.

TheGreekGovernmentengagestotakenomeasureswhichwouldhavetheeffectofdepreciatingtheexistingTurkishcurrency,whichshallretainitscharacteraslegaltenderpendingthedetermination,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle83,ofthefinalstatusoftheterritory.

ARTICLE78.

TheprovisionsofPartXI(Ports,WaterwaysandRailways)relatingtotheregimeofportsofinternationalinterest,freeportsandtransitshallbeapplicabletothecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.

ARTICLE79.

Asregardsnationality,suchinhabitantsofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66asareofTurkishnationalityandcannotclaimanyothernationalityunderthetermsofthepresentTreatyshallbetreatedonexactlythesamefootingasGreeknationals.Greeceshallprovidefortheirdiplomaticandconsularprotectionabroad.

ARTICLE80.

TheprovisionsofArticle24I,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)willapplyinthecaseofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.

TheprovisionsofArticle293,PartIX(EconomicClauses)willnotbeapplicableinthecaseofthesaidcityandterritory.

ARTICLE8I.


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Untilthedetermination,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle83,ofthefinalstatusofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66,therightstoexploitthesaltmarshesofPhoceabelongingtotheAdministrationoftheOttomanPublicDebt,includingallplantandmachineryandmaterialsfortransportbylandorsea,shallnotbealteredorinterferedwith.Notaxorchargeshallbeimposedduringthisperiodonthemanufacture,exportationor

transportofsaltproducedfromthesemarshes.TheGreekadministrationwillhavetherighttoregulateandtaxtheconsumptionofsaltatSymrnaandwithintheterritorydefinedinArticle66.

IfaftertheexpirationoftheperiodreferredtointheprecedingparagraphGreececonsidersitopportuhetoeffectchangesintheprovisionsabovesetforth,thesaltmarshesofPhoceawillbetreatedasaconcessionandtheguaranteesprovidedbyArticle312,PartIX(EconomicClauses)willapply,subject,however,totheprovisionsofArticle246,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty.

ARTICLE82.

SubsequentagreementswilldecideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythepresentTreatyandwhichmayarisefromtheexecutionoftheprovisionsofthisSection.

ARTICLE83.

WhenaperiodoffiveyearsshallhaveelapsedafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatythelocalparliamentreferredtoinArticle72may,byamajorityofvotes,askthe

CounciloftheLeagueofNationsforthedefinitiveincorporationintheKingdomofGreeceofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.TheCouncilmayrequire,asapreliminary,aplebisciteunderconditionswhichitwilllaydown.

Intheeventofsuchincorporationasaresultoftheapplicationoftheforegoingparagraph,theTurkishsovereigntyreferredtoinArticle69shallcease.TurkeyherebyrenouncesinthateventinfavourofGreeceallrightsandtitleoverthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.

SECTIONV.

GREECE.

ARTICLE84.

WithoutprejudicetothefrontiersofBulgarialaiddownbytheTreatyofPeacesignedatNeuillysurSeineonNovember27,1919,TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofGreeceallrightsandtitleovertheterritoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpireinEuropesituatedoutsidethefrontiersofTurkeyaslaiddownbythepresentTreaty.

TheislandsoftheSeaofMarmoraarenotincludedinthetransferofsovereigntyeffectedbytheaboveparagraph.


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TurkeyfurtherrenouncesinfavourofGreeceallherrightsandtitleovertheislandsofImbrosandTenedos.ThedecisiontakenbytheConferenceofAmbassadorsatLondoninexecutionofArticles5oftheTreatyofLondonofMay1730,1913,and15oftheTreatyofAthensofNovember114,1913,andnotifiedtotheGreekGovermnentonFebruary13,1914,relatingtothesovereigntyofGreeceovertheotherislandsoftheEasternMediterranean,

particularlyLemnos,Samothrace,Mytilene,Chios,SamosandNikaria,isconfirmed,withoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofthepresentTreatyrelatingtotheislandsplacedunderthesovereigntyofItalyandreferredtoinArticle122,andtotheislandslyinglessthanthreemilesfronthecoastofAsia.

Nevertheless,intheportionofthezoneoftheStraitsandtheislands,referredtoinArticle178,whichunderthepresentTreatyareplacedunderGreeksovereignty,Greeceacceptsandundertakestoobserve,failinganycontrarystipulationinthepresentTreaty,alltheobligationswhich,inordertoassurethefreedomoftheStraits,areimposedbythepresent

TreatyonTurkeyinthatportionofthesaidzone,includingtheislandsoftheSeaofMarmora,whichremainsunderTurkishsovereignty.

ARTICLE85.

ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytotraceonthespotthefrontierlinedescribedinArticle27,1(2).ThisCommissionshallbecomposedoffourmembersnominatedbythePrincipalAlliedPowers,onemembernominatedbyGreece,andonemembernominatedbyTurkey.

ARTICLE86.

GreeceacceptsandagreestoembodyinaseparateTreatysuchprovisionsasmaybedeemednecessary,particularlyasregardsAdrianople,toprotecttheinterestsofinhabitantsofthatStatewhodifferfromthemajorityofthepopulationinrace,languageorreligion.

GreecefurtheracceptsandagreestoembodyinaseparateTreatysuchprovisionsasmaybedeemednecessarytoprotectfreedomoftransitandequitabletreatmentforthecommerceofothernations.

ARTICLE87.

TheproportionandnatureofthefinancialobligationsofTurkeywhichGreecewillhavetoassumeonaccountoftheterritoryplacedunderhersovereigntywillbedeterminedinaccordancewithArticles241to244,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty.

SubsequentagreementswilldecideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythepresentTreatyandwhichmayariseinconsequenceofthetransferofthesaidterritories.

SECTIONVI.

ARMENIA.


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ARTICLE88.

Turkey,inaccordancewiththeactionalreadytakenbytheAlliedPowers,herebyrecognisesArmeniaasafreeandindependentState.

ARTICLE89.

TurkeyandArmeniaaswellastheotherHighContractingPartiesagreetosubmittothearbitrationofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericathequestionofthefrontiertobefixedbetweenTurkeyandArmeniainthevilayetsofErzerum,Trebizond,VanandBitlis,andtoaccepthisdecisionthereupon,aswellasanystipulationshemayprescribeastoaccessforArmeniatothesea,andastothedemilitarisationofanyportionofTurkishterritoryadjacenttothesaidfrontier.

ARTICLE90.

IntheeventofthedeterminationofthefrontierunderArticle89involvingthetransferofthewholeoranypartoftheterritoryofthesaidVilayetstoArmenia,Turkeyherebyrenouncesasfromthedateofsuchdecisionallrightsandtitleovertheterritorysotransferred.TheprovisionsofthepresentTreatyapplicabletoterritorydetachedfromTurkeyshallthereuponbecomeapplicabletothesaidterritory.

TheproportionandnatureofthefinancialobligationsofTurkeywhichArmeniawillhavetoassume,oroftherightswhichwillpasstoher,onaccountofthetransferofthesaidterritory

willbedeterminedinaccordancewithArticles241to244,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty.

Subsequentagreementswill,ifnecessary,decideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythepresentTreatyandwhichmayariseinconsequenceofthetransferofthesaidterritory.

ARTICLE91.

IntheeventofanyportionoftheterritoryreferredtoinArticle89beingtransferredtoArmenia,aBoundaryCommission,whosecompositionwillbedeterminedsubsequently,willbeconstitutedwithinthreemonthsfromthedeliveryofthedecisionreferredtointhesaidArticletotraceonthespotthefrontierbetweenArmeniaandTurkeyasestablishedbysuchdecision.

ARTICLE92.

ThefrontiersbetweenArmeniaandAzerbaijanandGeorgiarespectivelywillbedeterminedbydirectagreementbetweentheStatesconcerned.

IfineithercasetheStatesconcernedhavefailedtodeterminethefrontierbyagreementatthedateofthedecisionreferredtoinArticle89,thefrontierlineinquestionwillbedeterminedbythePricipalAlliedPowers,whowillalsoprovideforitsbeingtracedonthespot.


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ARTICLE93.

ArmeniaacceptsandagreestoembodyinaTreatywiththePrincipalAlliedPowerssuchprovisionsasmaybedeemednecessarybythesePowerstoprotecttheinterestsofinhabitantsofthatStatewhodifferfromthemajorityofthepopulationinrace,language,or

religion.

ArmeniafurtheracceptsandagreestoembodyinaTreatywiththePrincipalAlliedPowerssuchprovisionsasthesePowersmaydeemnecessarytoprotectfreedomoftransitandequitabletreatmentforthecommerceofothernations.

SECTIONVII.SYRIA,MESOPOTAMIA,PALESTINE.ARTICLE94.

TheHighContractingPartiesagreethatSyriaandMesopotamiashall,inaccordancewiththefourthparagraphofArticle22.

PartI(CovenantoftheLeagueofNations),beprovisionallyrecognisedasindependentStatessubjecttotherenderingofadministrativeadviceandassistancebyaMandatoryuntilsuchtimeastheyareabletostandalone.

ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytotraceonthespotthefrontierlinedescribedinArticle27,II(2)and(3).This

CommissionwillbecomposedofthreemembersnominatedbyFrance,GreatBritainandItalyrespectively,andonemembernominatedbyTurkey;itwillbeassistedbyarepresentativeofSyriafortheSyrianfrontier,andbyarepresentativeofMesopotamiafortheMesopotamianfrontier.

ThedeterminationoftheotherfrontiersofthesaidStates,andtheselectionoftheMandatories,willbemadebythePrincipalAlliedPowers.

ARTICLE95.

TheHighContractingPartiesagreetoentrust,byapplicationoftheprovisionsofArticle22,theadministrationofPalestine,withinsuchboundariesasmaybedeterminedbythePrincipalAlliedPowers,toaMandatorytobeselectedbythesaidPowers.TheMandatorywillberesponsibleforputtingintoeffectthedeclarationoriginallymadeonNovember2,1917,bytheBritishGovernment,andadoptedbytheotherAlliedPowers,infavouroftheestablishmentinPalestineofanationalhomefortheJewishpeople,itbeingclearlyunderstoodthatnothingshallbedonewhichmayprejudicethecivilandreligiousrightsofexistingnonJewishcommunitiesinPalestine,ortherightsandpoliticalstatusenjoyedbyJewsinanyothercountry.

TheMandatoryundertakestoappointassoonaspossibleaspecialCommissiontostudyandregulateallquestionsandclaimsrelatingtothedifferentreligiouscommunities.Inthe


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compositionofthisCommissionthereligiousinterestsconcernedwillbetakenintoaccount.TheChairmanoftheCommissionwillbeappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.

ARTICLE96.

ThetermsofthemandatesinrespectoftheaboveterritorieswillbeformulatedbythePrincipalAlliedPowersandsubmittedtotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsforapproval.

ARTICLE97.

Turkeyherebyundertakes,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle132,toacceptanydecisionswhichmaybetakeninrelationtothequestionsdealtwithinthisSection.

SECTIONVIII.HEDJAZ.ARTICLE98.

Turkey,inaccordancewiththeactionalreadytakenbytheAlliedPowers,herebyrecognisestheHedjazasafreeandindepedentState,andrenouncesinfavouroftheHedjazallrightsandtitlesovertheterritoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpiresituatedoutsidethefrontiersofTurkeyaslaiddownbythepresentTreaty,andcomprisedwithintheboundarieswhichmayultimatelybefixed.

ARTICLE99.

InviewofthesacredcharacterattributedbyMoslemsofallcountriestothecitiesandtheHolyPlacesofMeccaandMedinaHisMajestytheKingoftheHedjazundertakestoassurefreeandeasyaccesstheretotoMoslemsofeverycountrywhodesiretogothereonpilgrimageorforanyotherreligiousobject,andtorespectandensurerespectforthepiousfoundationswhichareormaybeestablishedtherebyMoslemsofanycountriesinaccordancewiththepreceptsofthelawoftheKoran.

ARTICLE100.

HisMajestytheKingoftheHedjazundertakesthatincommercialmattersthemostcompleteequalityoftreatmentshallbeassuredintheterritoryoftheHedjaztothepersons,shipsandgoodsofnationalsofanyoftheAlliedPowers,orofanyofthenewStatessetupintheterritoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpire,aswellastothepersons,shipsandgoodsofnationalsofStates,MembersoftheLeagueofNations.

SECTIONIX.

EGYPT,SOUDAN,CYPRUS.

I.EGYPT.ARTICLE101.


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TurkeyrenouncesallrightsandtitleinoroverEgypt.ThisrenunciationshalltakeeffectasfromNovember5,1914.TurkeydeclaresthatinconformitywiththeactiontakenbytheAlliedPowerssherecognisestheProtectorateproclaimedoverEgyptbyGreatBritainonDecember18,1914.

ARTICLE102.

TurkishsubjectshabituallyresidentinEgyptonDecember18,1914,willacquireEgyptiannationalityipsofactoandwilllosetheirTurkishnationality,exceptthatifatthatdatesuchpersonsweretemporarilyabsentfrom,andhavenotsincereturnedto,EgypttheywillnotacquireEgyptiannationalitywithoutaspecialauthorisationfromtheEgyptianGovernment.

ARTICLE103.

TurkishsubjectswhobecameresidentinEgyptafterDecember18,1914,andarehabituallyresidentthereatthedateofthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatymay,subjecttotheconditionsprescribedinArticle105fortherightofoption,claimEgyptiannationality,butsuchclaimmayinindividualcasesberefusedbythecompetentEgyptianauthority.

ARTICLE104.

ForallpurposesconnectedwiththepresentTreaty,EgyptandEgyptiannationals,theirgoodsandvessels,shallbetreatedonthesamefooting,asfromAugustI,1914,astheAlliedPowers,theirnationals,goodsandvessels,andprovisionsinrespectofterritoryunder

Turkishsovereignty,orofterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresentTreaty,shallnotapplytoEgypt.

ARTICLEI05.

WithinaperiodofoneyearafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatypersonsovereighteenyearsofageacquiringEgyptiannationalityundertheprovisionsofArticle102willbeentitledtooptforTurkishnationality.Incasesuchpersons,orthosewhounderArticle103areentitledtoclaimEgyptiannationality,differinracefromthemajorityofthe

population

of

Egypt,

they

will

within

the

same

period

be

entitled

to

opt

for

the

nationality

of

anyStateinfavourofwhichterritoryisdetachedfromTurkey,ifthemajorityofthepopulationofthatStateisofthesameraceasthepersonexercisingtherighttoopt.

Optionbyahusbandcoversawifeandoptionbyparentscoverstheirchildrenundereighteenyearsofage.

Personswhohaveexercisedtheaboverighttooptmust,exceptwhereauthorisedtocontinuetoresideinEgypt,transferwithintheensuingtwelvemonthstheirplaceofresidencetotheStateforwhichtheyhaveopted.Theywillbeentitledtoretaintheir

immovablepropertyinEgypt,andmaycarrywiththemtheirmovablepropertyofeverydescription.Noexportorimportdutiesorchargesmaybeimposedupontheminconnectionwiththeremovalofsuchproperty.


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ARTICLE106.

TheEgyptianGovernmentshallhavecompletelibertyofactioninregulatingthestatusofTurkishsubjectsinEgyptandtheconditionsunderwhichtheymayestablishthemselvesintheterritory.

ARTICLE107.

Egyptiannationalsshallbeentitled,whenabroad,toBritishdiplonlaticandconsularprotection.

ARTICLE108.

EgyptiangoodsenteringTurkeyshallenjoythetreatmentaccordedtoBritishgoods.

ARTICLE109.

TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofGreatBritainthepowersconferreduponHisImperialMajestytheSultanbytheConventionsignedatConstantinopleonOctober29,1888,relatingtothefreenavigationoftheSuezCanal.

ARTICLE110.

AllpropertyandpossessionsinEgyptbelongingtotheTurkishGovernmentpasstothe

EgyptianGovernment

without

payment.

ARTICLE111.

AllmovableandimmovablepropertyinEgyptbelongingtoTurkishnationals(whodonotacquireEgyptiannationality)shallbedealtwithinaecordancewiththeprovisionsofPartIX(EconomieClauses)ofthepresentTreaty.

ARTICLE112.

TurkeyrenouncesallclaimtothetributeformerlypaidbyEgypt.

GreatBritainundertakestorelieveTurkeyofallliabilityinrespectoftheTurkishloanssecuredontheEgyptiantribute.

Theseloansare:

Theguaranteedloanof1855;

Theloanof1894representingtheconvertedloansof1854and1871;Theloanof1891representingtheconvertedloanof1877.


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ThesumswhichtheKhedivesofEgypthavefromtimetotimeundertakentopayovertothehousesbywhichtheseloanswereissuedwillbeappliedasheretoforetotheinterestandthesinkingfundsoftheloansof1894and1891untilthefinalextinctionofthoseloans.TheGovernmentofEgyptwillalsocontinuetoapplythesumhithertopaidtowardstheinterestontheguaranteedloanof1855.

Upontheextinctionoftheseloansof1894,1891and1855,allliabilityonthepartoftheEgyptianGovernmentarisingoutofthetributeformerlypaidbyEgypttoTurkeywillcease.

2.SOUDAN.

ARTICLE113.

TheHighContractingPartiesdeclareandplaceonrecordthattheyhavetakennoteofthe

Convention

between

the

British

Government

and

the

Egyptian

Government

defining

the

statusandregulatingtheadministrationoftheSoudan,signedonJanuaryI9,I899,asamendedbythesupplementaryConventionrelatingtothetownofSuakinsignedonJuly10,1899.

ARTICLE114.

SoudaneseshallbeentitledwheninforeigncountriestoBritishdiplomaticandconsularprotection.

3.CYPRUS

ARTICLE115.

TheHighContractingPartiesrecognisetheannexationofCyprusproclaimedbytheBritishGovernmentonNovember5,1914.

ARTICLE116.

TurkeyrenouncesallrightsandtitleoverorrelatingtoCyprus,includingtherighttothetributeformerlypaidbythatislandtotheSultan.

ARTICLE117.

TurkishnationalsbornorhabituallyresidentinCypruswillacquireBritishnationalityandlosetheirTurkishnationality,subjecttotheconditionslaiddowninthelocallaw.

SECTIONX.

MOROCCO,TUNIS.


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ARTICLE118.

TurkeyrecognisestheFrenchProtectorateinMorocco,andacceptsalltheconsequencesthereof.ThisrecognitionshalltakeeffectasfromMarch30,1912.

ARTICLE119.

MoroccangoodsenteringTurkeyshallbesubjecttothesametreatmentasFrenchgoods.

ARTICLE120.

TurkeyrecognisestheFrenchProtectorateoverTunisandacceptsalltheconsequencesthereof.ThisrecognitionshalltakeeffectasfromMay12,1881.

TunisiangoodsenteringTurkeyshallbesubjecttothesametreatmentasFrenchgoods.

SECTIONXI.

LIBYA,AEGEANISLANDS.

ARTICLE121.

TurkeydefinitelyrenouncesallrightsandprivilegeswhichundertheTreatyofLausanneof

October18,

1912,

were

left

to

the

Sultan

in

Libya.

ARTICLE122.

TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofItalyallrightsandtitleoverthefollowingislandsoftheAegeanSea;Stampalia(Astropalia),Rhodes(Rhodos),Calki(Kharki),Scarpanto,Casos(Casso)Pscopis(Tilos),Misiros(Nisyros),Calymnos(Kalymnos)Leros,Patmos,Lipsos(Lipso),Sini(Symi),andCos(Kos),whicharenowoccupiedbyItaly,andtheisletsdependentthereon,andalsoovertheislandofCastellorizzo.

SECTIONXll.

NATIONALITY.

ARTICLE123.

TurkishsubjectshabituallyresidentinterritorywhichinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthepresentTreatyisdetachedfromTurkeywillbecomeipsofacto,intheconditionslaiddownbythelocallaw,nationalsoftheStatetowhichsuchterritoryistransferred.

ARTICLE124.


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PersonsovereighteenyearsofagelosingtheirTurkishnationalityandobtainingipsofactoanewnationalityunderArticle123shallbeentitledwithinaperiodofoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytooptforTurkishnationality.

ARTICLE125.

PersonsovereighteenyearsofagehabituallyresidentinterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresentTreatyanddifferinginracefromthemajorityofthepopulationofsuchterritoryshallwithinoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatybeentitledtooptforArmenia,Azerbaijan,Georgia,Greece,theHedjaz,Mesopotamia,Syria,BulgariaorTurkey,ifthemajorityofthepopulationoftheStateselectedisofthesameraceasthepersonexercisingtherighttoopt.

ARTICLE126.

PersonswhohaveexercisedtherighttooptinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticles124or125mustwithinthesucceedingtwelvemonthstransfertheirplaceofresidencetotheStateforwhichtheyhaveopted.

TheywillbeentitledtoretaintheirimmovablepropertyintheterritoryoftheotherStatewheretheyhadtheirplaceofresidencebeforeexercisingtheirrighttoopt.

Theymaycarrywiththemtheirmovablepropertyofeverydescription.Noexportorimportdutiesmaybeimposedupontheminconnectionwiththeremovalofsuchproperty.

ARTICLE127.

TheHighContractingPartiesundertaketoputnohindranceinthewayoftheexerciseoftherightwhichthepersonsconcernedhaveunderthepresentTreaty,orundertheTreatiesofPeaceconcludedwithGermany,Austria,BulgariaorHungaryorunderanytreatyconcludedbytheAlliedPowers,oranyofthem,withRussia,orbetweenanyoftheAlliedPowersthemselves,tochooseanyothernationalitywhichmaybeopentothem.

Inparticular,TurkeyundertakestofacilitatebyeverymeansinherpowerthevoluntaryemigrationofpersonsdesiringtoavailthemselvesoftherighttooptprovidedbyArticle125,andtocarryoutanymeasureswhichmaybeprescribedwiththisobjectbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.

ARTICLE128.

TurkeyundertakestorecogniseanynewnationalitywhichhasbeenormaybeacquiredbyhernationalsunderthelawsoftheAlliedPowersornewStatesandinaccordancewiththedecisionsofthecompetentauthoritiesofthesePowerspursuanttonaturalisationlawsor

underTreatystipulations,andtoregardsuchpersonsashaving,inconsequenceoftheacquisitionofsuchnewnationality,inallrespectsseveredtheirallegiancetotheircountryoforigin.


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Inparticular,personswhobeforethecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyhaveacquiredthenationalityofoneoftheAlliedPowersinaccordancewiththelawofsuchPowershallberecognisedbytheTurkishGovernmentasnationalsofsuchPowerandashavinglosttheirTurkishnationality,notwithstandinganyprovisionsofTurkishlawtothecontrary.NoconfiscationofpropertyorotherpenaltyprovidedbyTurkishlawshallbeincurredon

accountoftheacquisitionofanysuchnationality.

ARTICLE129.

JewsofotherthanTurkishnationalitywhoarehabituallyresident,onthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,withintheboundariesofPalestine,asdeterminedinaccordancewithArticle95willipsofactobecomecitizensofPalestinetotheexclusionofanyothernationality.

ARTICLE

130.

ForthepurposesoftheprovisionsofthisSection,thestatusofamarriedwomanwillbegovernedbythatofherhusbandandthestatusofchildrenundereighteenyearsofagebythatoftheirparents.

ARTICLE131.

TheprovisionsofthisSectionwillapplytothecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66asfromtheestablishmentofthefinalstatusoftheterritoryinaccordancewith

Article83.

SECTIONXIII.

GENERALPROVISIONS.

ARTICLE132.

OutsideherfrontiersasfixedbythepresentTreatyTurkeyherebyrenouncesinfavourofthe

Principal

Allied

Powers

all

rights

and

title

which

she

could

claim

on

any

ground

over

or

concerninganyterritoriesoutsideEuropewhicharenototherwisedisposedofbythepresentTreaty.

TurkeyundertakestorecogniseandconformtothemeasureswhichmaybetakennoworinthefuturebythePrincipalAlliedPowers,inagreementwherenecessarywiththirdPowers,inordertocarrytheabovestipulationintoeffect.

ARTICLE133.

TurkeyundertakestorecognisethefullforceoftheTreatiesofPeaceandAdditionalConventionsconcludedbytheAlliedPowerswiththePowerswhofoughtonthesideofTurkey,andtorecognisewhateverdispositionshavebeenormaybemadeconcerningthe


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territoriesoftheformerGermanEmpire,ofAustria,ofHungaryandofBulgaria,andtorecognisethenewStateswithintheirfrontiersastherelaiddown.

ARTICLE134.

TurkeyherebyrecognisesandacceptsthefrontiersofGermany,Austria,Bulgaria,Greece,Hungary,Poland,Roumania,theSerbCroatSloveneStateandtheCzechoSlovakStateasthesefrontiersmaybedeterminedbytheTreatiesreferredtoinArticle133orbyanysupplementaryconventions.

ARTICLE135.

TurkeyundertakestorecognisethefullforceofalltreatiesoragreementswhichmaybeenteredintobytheAlliedPowerswithStatesnowexistingorcomingintoexistenceinfutureinthewholeorpartoftheformerEmpireofRussiaasitexistedonAugust1,1914,andtorecognisethefrontiersofanysuchStatesasdeterminedtherein.

TurkeyacknowledgesandagreestorespectaspermanentandinalienabletheindependenceofthesaidStates.

InaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle259,PartVIII(FinancialClauses),andArticle277,PartIX(EconomicClauses),ofthepresentTreaty,TurkeyacceptsdefinitelytheabrogationoftheBrestLitovskTreatiesandofalltreatiesconventionsandagreementsenteredintobyherwiththeMaximalistGovernmentinRussia.

ARTICLE136.

ACommissioncomposedoffourmembers,appointedbytheBritishEmpire,France,ItalyandJapanrespectively,shallbesetupwithinthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,toprepare,withtheassistanceoftechnicalexpertsrepresentingtheothercapitulatoryPowers,Alliedorneutral,whowiththisobjectwilleachbeinvitedtoappointanexpert,aschemeofjudicialreformtoreplacethepresentcapitulatorysysteminjudicialmattersinTurkey.ThisCommissionmayrecommend,afterconsultationwiththeTurkish

Government,

the

adoption

of

either

a

mixed

or

an

unified

judicial

system.

TheschemepreparedbytheCommissionwillbesubmittedtotheGovernmentsoftheAlliedandneutralPowersconcerned.AssoonasthePrincipalAlliedPowershaveapprovedtheschemetheywillinformtheTurkishGovernment,whichherebyagreestoacceptthenewsystem.

ThePrincipalAlliedPowersreservetherighttoagreeamongthemselves,andifnecessarywiththeotherAlliedorneutralPowersconcerned,astothedateonwhichthenewsystemistocomeintoforce.

ARTICLE137.


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WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofPartVII(Penalties),noinhabitantofTurkeyshallbedisturbedormolested,underanypretextwhatever,onaccountofanypoliticalormilitaryactiontakenbyhim,oranyassistanceofanykindgivenbyhimtotheAlliedPowers,ortheirnationals,betweenAugust1,1914,andthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty;allsentencespronouncedagainstanyinhabitantofTurkeyfortheabovereasonsshallbe

completelyannulled,andanyproceedingsalreadyinstitutedshallbearrested.

ARTICLE138.

NoinhabitantofterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresentTreatyshallbedisturbedormolestedonaccountofhispoliticalattitudeafterAugust1,1914,orofthedeterminationofhisnationalityeffectedinaccordancewiththepresentTreaty.

ARTICLE139.

TurkeyrenouncesformallyallrightsofsuzeraintyorjurisdictionofanykindoverMoslemswhoaresubjecttothesovereigntyorprotectorateofanyotherState.

NopowershallbeexerciseddirectlyorindirectlybyanyTurkishauthoritywhateverinanyterritorydetachedfromTurkeyorofwhichtheexistingstatusunderthepresentTreatyisrecognisedbyTurkey.

PARTIV.

PROTECTIONOFMINORITIES.

ARTICLE140.

TurkeyundertakesthatthestipulationscontainedinArticles141,I45andI47shallberecognisedasfundamentallaws,andthatnocivilormilitarylaworregulation,noImperialIradehnorofficialactionshallconflictorinterferewiththesestipulations,norshallanylaw,regulation,ImperialIradehnorofficialactionprevailoverthem.

ARTICLE

141.

TurkeyundertakestoassurefullandcompleteprotectionoflifeandlibertytoallinhabitantsofTurkeywithoutdistinctionofbirth,nationality,language,raceorreligion.

AllinhabitantsofTurkeyshallbeentitledtothefreeexercise,whetherpublicorprivate,ofanycreed,religionorbelief.

Thepenaltiesforanyinterferencewiththefreeexerciseoftherightreferredtointheprecedingparagraphshallbethesamewhatevermaybethecreedconcerned.

ARTICLE142.


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Whereas,inviewoftheterroristregimewhichhasexistedinTurkeysinceNovember1,1914,conversionstoIslamcouldnottakeplaceundernormalconditions,noconversionssincethatdatearerecognisedandallpersonswhowerenonMoslemsbeforeNovember1,1914,willbeconsideredasstillremainingsuch,unless,afterregainingtheirliberty,theyvoluntarilyperformthenecessaryformalitiesforembracingtheIslamicfaith.

InordertorepairsofaraspossiblethewrongsinflictedonindividualsinthecourseofthemassacresperpetratedinTurkeyduringthewar,theTurkishGovernmentundertakestoaffordalltheassistanceinitspowerorinthatoftheTurkishauthoritiesinthesearchforanddeliveranceofallpersons,ofwhateverraceorreligion,whohavedisappeared,beencarriedoff,internedorplacedincaptivitysinceNovember1,1914.

TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofacilitatetheoperationsofmixedcommissionsappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNationstoreceivethecomplaintsofthevictims

themselves,their

families

or

their

relations,

to

make

the

necessary

enquiries,

and

to

order

the

liberationofthepersonsinquestion.

TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestoensuretheexecution

ofthedecisionsofthesecommissions,andtoassurethesecurityandthelibertyofthepersonsthusrestoredtothefullenjoymentoftheirrights.

ARTICLE143

TurkeyundertakestorecognisesuchprovisionsastheAlliedPowersmayconsideropportunewithrespecttothereciprocalandvoluntaryemigrationofpersonsbelongingtoracialminorities.

TurkeyrenouncesanyrighttoavailherselfoftheprovisionsofArticleI6oftheConventionbetweenGreeceandBulgariarelatingtoreciprocalemigration,signedatNeuillysurSeineonNovember27,19l9.WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,GreeceandTurkeywillenterintoaspecialarrangementrelatingtothereciprocalandvoluntaryemigrationofthepopulationsofTurkishandGreekraceintheterritories

transferredto

Greece

and

remaining

Turkish

respectively.

Incaseagreementcannotbereachedastosucharrangement,GreeceandTurkeywillbeentitledtoapplytotheCounciloftheLeagueofNations,whichwillfixthetermsofsucharrangement.

ARTICLE144.

TheTurkishGovernmentrecognisestheinjusticeofthelawof1915relatingtoAbandonedProperties(EmvaliMetroukeh),andofthesupplementaryprovisionsthereof,anddeclaresthemtobenullandvoid,inthepastasinthefuture.


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TheTurkishGovernmentsolemnlyundertakestofacilitatetothegreatestpossibleextentthereturntotheirhomesandreestablishmentintheirbusinessesoftheTurkishsubjectsofnonTurkishracewhohavebeenforciblydrivenfromtheirhomesbyfearofmassacreoranyotherformofpressuresinceJanuary1,1914.ItrecognisesthatanyimmovableormovablepropertyofthesaidTurkishsubjectsorofthecommunitiestowhichtheybelong,whichcan

berecovered,mustberestoredtothemassoonaspossible,inwhateverhandsitmaybefound.Suchpropertyshallberestoredfreeofallchargesorservitudeswithwhichitmayhavebeenburdenedandwithoutcompensationofanykindtothepresentownersoroccupiers,subjecttoanyactionwhichtheymaybeabletobringagainstthepersonsfromwhomtheyderivedtitle.

TheTurkishGovernmentagreesthatarbitralcommissionsshallbeappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNationswhereverfoundnecessary.ThesecommissionsshalleachbecomposedofonerepresentativeoftheTurkishGovernment,onerepresentativeofthe

communitywhichclaimsthatitoroneofitsmembershasbeeninjured,andaehairmanappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.ThesearbitralcommissionsshallhearallclaimscoveredbythisArticleanddecidethembysummaryprocedure.

Thearbitralcommissionswillhavepowertoorder:

(1)TheprovisionbytheTurkishGovernmentoflabourforanyworkofreconstructionorrestorationdeemednecessary.Thislabourshallberecruitedfromtheracesinhabitingtheterritorywherethearbitralcommissionconsiderstheexecutionofthesaidworkstobenecessary

(2)Theremovalofanypersonwho,afterenquiry,shallberecognisedashavingtakenanactivepartinmassacresordeportationsorashavingprovokedthem;themeasurestobetakenwithregardtosuchpersonspossessionswillbeindicatedbythecommission;

(3)ThedisposalofpropertybelongingtomembersofacommunitywhohavediedordisappearedsinceJanuary1,1914,withoutleavingheirs;suchpropertymaybehandedovertothecommunityinsteadoftotheState

(4)The

cancellation

of

all

acts

of

sale

or

any

acts

creating

rights

over

immovable

property

concludedafterJanuary1,I914.TheindemnificationoftheholderswillbeachargeupontheTurkishGovernment,butmustnotserveasapretextfordelayingtherestitution.Thearbitralcommissionwill,howeverhavethepowertoimposeequitablearrangementsbetweentheinterestedparties,ifanysumhasbeenpaidbythepresentholderofsuchproperty.

TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofacilitateinthefullestpossiblemeasuretheworkofthecommissionsandtoensuretheexecutionoftheirdecisions,whichwillbefinal.NodecisionoftheTurkishjudicialoradministrativeauthoritiesshallprevailoversuch

decisions.

ARTICLE145.


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AllTurkishnationalsshallbeequalbeforethelawandshallenjoythesamecivilandpoliticalrightswithoutdistinctionastorace,languageorreligion.

Differenceofreligion,creedorconfessionshallnotprejudiceanyTurkishnationalinmattersrelatingtotheenjoymentofcivilorpoliticalrights,asforinstanceadmissiontopublic

employments,functionsandhonours,ortheexerciseofprofessionsandindustries.

WithinaperiodoftwoyearsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheTurkishGovernmentwillsubmittotheAlliedPowersaschemefortheorganisationofanelectoralsystembasedontheprincipleofproportionalrepresentationofracialminorities.

NorestrictionshallbeimposedonthefreeusebyanyTurkishnationalofanylanguageinprivateintercourse,incommerce,religion,inthepressorinpublicationsofanykind,oratpublicmeetings.AdequatefacilitiesshallbegiventoTurkishnationalsofnonTurkish

speech

for

the

use

of

their

language,

either

orally

or

in

writing,

before

the

courts.

ARTICLE146.

TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestorecognizethevalidityofdiplomasgrantedbyrecognisedforeignuniversitiesandschools,andtoadmittheholdersthereoftothefreeexerciseoftheprofessionsandindustriesforwhichsuchdiplomasqualify.

ThisprovisionwillapplyequallytonationalsofAlliedpowerswhoareresidentinTurkey.

ARTICLE147.

Turkishnationalswhobelongtoracial,religiousorlinguisticminoritiesshallenjoytheametreatmentandsecurityinlawandinfactasotherTurkishnationals.Inparticulartheyshallhaveanequalrighttoestablish,manageandcontrolattheirownexpense,andindependentlyofandwithoutinterferencebytheTurkishauthorities,anycharitable,religiousandsocialinstitutions,schoolsforprimary,secondaryandhigherinstructionandothereducationalestablishments,withtherighttousetheirownlanguageandtoexercisetheirownreligionfreelytherein.

ARTICLE148.

IntownsanddistrictswherethereisaconsiderableproportionofTurkishnationalsbelongingtoracial,linguisticorreligiousminorities,theseminoritiesshallbeassuredanequitableshareintheenjoymentandapplicationofthesumswhichmaybeprovidedoutofpublicfundsundertheState,municipalorotherbudgetsforeducationalorcharitablepurposes.

Thesumsinquestionshallbepaidtothequalifiedrepresentativesofthecommunities

concerned.

ARTICLE149.


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TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestorecogniseandrespecttheecclesiasticalandscholasticautonomyofallracialminoritiesinTurkey.Forthispurpose,andsubjecttoanyprovisionstothecontraryinthepresentTreaty,theTurkishGovernmentconfirmsandwillupholdintheirentiretytheprerogativesandimmunitiesofanecclesiastical,scholasticorjudicialnaturegrantedbytheSultanstononMoslemracesinvirtueofspecialordersor

imperialdecrees(firmans,hattis,berats,etc.)aswellasbyministerialordersorordersoftheGrandVizier.

Alllaws,decrees,regulationsandcircularsissuedbytheTurkishGovernmentandcontainingabrogations,restrictionsoramendmentsofsuchprerogativesandimmunitiesshallbeconsideredtosuchextentnullandvoid.

AnymodificationoftheTurkishjudicalsystemwhichmaybeintroducedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthepresentTreatyshallbeheldtooverridethisArticle,insofarassuch

modificationmay

affect

individuals

belonging

to

racial

minorities.

ARTICLE150.

IntownsanddistrictswherethereisresidentaconsiderableproportionofTurkishnationalsoftheChristianorJewishreligionstheTurkishGovernmentundertakesthatsuchTurkishnationalsshallnotbecompelledtoperformanyactwhichconstitutesaviolationoftheirfaithorreligiousobservances,andshallnotbeplacedunderanydisabilitybyreasonoftheirrefusaltoattendcourtsoflawortoperformanylegalbusinessontheirweeklydayofrest.Thisprovision,however,shallnotexemptsuchTurkishnationals(ChristiansorJews)fromsuchobligationsasshallbeimposeduponallotherTurkishnationalsforthepreservationofpublicorder.

ARTICLE151.

ThePrincipalAlliedPowers,inconsultationwiththeCounciloftheLeagueofNations,willdecidewhatmeasuresarenecessarytoguaranteetheexecutionoftheprovisionsofthisPart.TheTurkishGovernmentherebyacceptsalldecisionswhichmaybetakenonthissubject.

PARTV.

MILITARY,NAVALANDAIRCLAUSES.

Inordertorenderpossibletheinitiationofagenerallimitationofthearmamentsofallnations,Turkeyundertakesstrictlytoobservethemilitary,navalandairclauseswhichfollow.

SECTIONI.

MILITARYCLAUSES.

CHAPTERI.


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GENERALCLAUSES.ARTICLE152.

ThearmedforceatthedisposalofTurkeyshallonlyconsistof:

(I)TheSultansbodyguard;

(2)Troopsofgendarmerie,intendedtomaintainorderandsecurityintheinteriorandtoensuretheprotectionofminorities

(3)Specialelementsintendedforthereinforcementofthetroopsofgendarmerieincaseofserioustrouble,andeventuallytoensurethecontrolofthefrontiers.

ARTICLE153.

WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,themilitaryforcesotherthanthatprovidedforinArticle152shallbedemobilisedanddisbanded.

CHAPTERII.

EFFECTIVES,ORGANISATIONANDCADRESOFTHETURKISHARMEDFORCE.

ARTICLE154.

TheSultan

sbodyguard

shall

consist

of

astaff

and

infantry

and

cavalry

units,

the

strength

of

whichshallnotexceed700offirersandmen.ThisstrengthisnotincludedinthetotalforceprovidedforinArticle155.

ThecompositionofthisguardisgiveninTable1annexedtothisSection.

ARTICLE155.

Thetotalstrengthoftheforcesenumeratedinparagraphs(2)and(3)ofArticle152shallnotexceed50,000men,includingstaffs,offficers,trainingpersonnelanddepottroops.

ARTICLE156.

ThetroopsofgendarmerieshallbedistributedovertheterritoryofTurkey,whichforthispurposewillbedividedintoterritorialareastobedelimitedasprovidedinArticle200.

Alegionofgendarmerie,composedofmountedandunmountedtroops,providedwith

machine

guns

and

with

administrative

and

medical

services

will

be

organised

in

each

territorialregion,itwillsupplyinthevilayets,sandjaks,cazas,etc.,thedetachments
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necessaryfortheorganisationofafixedprotectiveservice,mobilereservesbeingatitsdisposalatoneormorepointswithintheregion.

Onaccountoftheirspecialduties,thelegionsshallnotincludeeitherartilleryortechnicalservices.

Thetotalstrengthofthelegionsshallnotexceed35,000men,tobeincludedinthetotalstrengthofthearmedforceprovidedforinArticle155.

Themaximumstrengthofanyonelegionshallnotexceedonequarterofthetotalstrengthofthelegions.

Theelementsofanyonelegionshallnotbeemployedoutsidetheterritoryoftheirregion,exceptbyspecialauthorisationfromtheInterAlliedCommissionprovidedforinArticle200.

ARTICLE157.

Thespecialelementsforreinforcementsmayincludedetailsofinfantry,cavalry,mountainartillery,pioneersandthecorrespondingtechnicalandgeneralservices;theirtotalstrengthshallnotexceed15,000men,tobeincludedinthetotalstrengthprovidedforinArticle155.

ThenumberofsuchreinforcementsforanyonelegionshallnotexceedonethirdofthewholestrengthoftheseelementswithoutthespecialauthorityoftheInterAlliedCommissionprovidedforinArticle200.

TheproportionofthevariousarmsandservicesenteringintothecompositionofthesespecialelementsislaiddowninTableIIannexedtothisSection.

TheirquarteringwillbefixedasprovidedinArticle200.

ToTable2

ARTICLE158.

IntheformationsreferredtoinArticles156and157,theproportionofofficers,includingthepersonnelofstaffsandspecialservices,shallnotexceedonetwentiethofthetotaleffectiveswiththecolours,andthatofnoncommissionedofficersshallnotexceedonetwelfthofthetotaleffectiveswiththecolours.

ARTICLE159.

OffficerssuppliedbythevariousAlliedorneutralPowersshailcollaborate,underthedirectionoftheTurkishGovernment,inthecommand,theorganisationandthetrainingof

thegendarmerie

officers

authorised

by

Article

158,

but

their

number

shall

not

exceed

fifteen

percent.ofthatstrength.SpecialagreementstobedrawnupbytheInterAlliedCommissionmentionedinArticle200shallfixtheproportionoftheseoffficersaccordingtonationality,
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andshalldeterminetheconditionsoftheirparticipationinthevariousmissionsassignedtothembythisArticle.

ARTICLE160.

InanyoneterritorialregionallofficersplacedatthedisposaloftheTurkishGovernmentundertheconditionslaiddowninArticle159shallinprinciplebeofthesamenationality.

ARTICLE161.

InthezoneoftheStraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178,excludingtheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,SamothraceTenedosandMitylene,theforcesoTurkish,willbeundertheInterAlliedCommandoftheforcesinoccupationofthatzone.

ARTICLE162.

Allmeasuresofmobilisation,orappertainingtomobilisationortendingtoanincreaseofthestrengthorofthemeansoftransportofanyoftheforcesprovidedforinthisChapterareforbidden.

Thevariousformations,staffsandadministrativeservicesshallnot,inanycase,includesupplementarycadres.

ARTICLE163.

WithintheperiodfixedbyArticle153,allexistingforcesofgendarmerieshallbeamalgamatedwiththelegionsprovidedforinArticle156.

ARTICLE164.

TheformationofanybodyoftroopsnotprovidedforinthisSectionisforbidden.

Thesuppressionofexistingformationswhichareinexcessoftheauthorisedstrengthof50,000men(notincludingtheSultansbodyguard)shallbeeffectedprogressivelyfromthe

dateofthesignatureofthepresentTreaty,insuchmannerastobecompletedwithinsixmonthsatthelatestafterthecomingintoforceoftheTreaty,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle158.

Thenumberofoffficers,orpersonsinthepositionofoffficers,intheWarMinistryandtheTurkishGeneralStaff,aswellasintheadministrationsattachedtothem,shail,withinthesameperiod,bereducedtotheestablishmentconsideredbytheCommissionreferredtoinArticle200asstrictlynecessaryforthegoodworkingofthegeneralservicesofthearmedTurkishforce,thisestablishmentbeingincludedinthemaximumfigurelaiddowninArticle

158.


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CHAPTERIII.

RECRUITING.

ARTICLE165.

TheTurkisharmedforceshallinfuturebeconstitutedandrecruitedbyvoluntaryenlistmentonly.

EnlistmentshallbeopentoallsubjectsoftheTurkishStateequally,withoutdistinctionofraceorreligion.

AsregardsthelegionsreferredtoinArticle156,theirsystemofrecruitingshallbeinprincipleregional,andsoregulatedthattheMoslemandnonMoslemelementsofthe

population

of

each

region

may

be,

so

far

as

possible,

represented

on

the

strength

of

the

correspondinglegion.

Theprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphsapplytooffficersaswellastomen.

ARTICLE166.

Thelengthofengagementofnoncommissionedofficersandmenshallbetwelveconsecutiveyears.

Theannualreplacementofmenreleasedfromserviceforanyreasonwhateverbeforetheexpirationoftheirtermofengagementshallnotexceedfivepercent.ofthetotaleffectivesfixedhyArticle155.

ARTICLE167.

Allofficersmustberegulars(officersdecarrire).

Officersatpresentservinginthearmyorthegendarmeriewhoareretainedinthenewarmedforcemustundertaketoserveatleastuptotheageoffortyfive.

Offficersatpresentservinginthearmyorthegendarmeriewhoarenotadmittedtothenewarmedforceshallbedefinitelyreleasedfromallmilitaryobligations,andmustnottakepartinanymilitaryexercises,theoreticalorpractical.

Officersnewlyappointedmustundertaketoserveontheactivelistforatleasttwentyfiveconsecutiveyears.

Theannualreplacementofofficersleavingtheserviceforanycausebeforetheexpirationof

theirterm

of

engagement

shall

not

exceed

five

per

cent.

of

the

total

effectives

of

officers

providedbyArticle158.


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CHAPTERIV.

SCHOOLS,EDUCATIONALESTABLISHMENTS,MILITARYCLASSANDSOCIETIES

ARTICLE168.

OntheexpirationofthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheremustonlyexistinTurkeythenumberofmilitaryschoolswhichisabsolutelyindispensablefortherecruitmentofoffficersandnoncommissionedofficersoftheunitsallowed,i.e.:

schoolforofficers;

1schoolperterritorialregionfornoncommissionedofficers.

Thenumberofstudentsadmittedtoinstructionintheseschoolsshallbestrictlyinproportiontothevacanciestobefilledinthecadresofofficersandnoncommissionedofficers.

ARTICLE169.

Educationalestablishments,otherthanthosereferredtoinArticle168,aswellasallsportingorothersocieties,mustnotoccupythemselveswithanymilitarymatters.

CHAPTERV.

CUSTOMSOFFICIALS,LOCALURBANANDRURALPOLICE,FORESTGUARDS.

ARTICLE170.

WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofArticle48,PartIII(PoliticalClauses),thenumberofcustomsofficials,localurbanorruralpolice,forestguardsorotherlikeofficialsshallnotexceedthenumberofmenemployedinasimilarcapacityin1913withintheterritoriallimitsofTurkeyasfixedbythepresentTreaty.

Thenumberoftheseofficialsmayonlybeincreasedinthefutureinproportiontotheincreaseofpopulationinthelocalitiesormunicipalitieswhichemploythem.

Theseemployeesandofficials,aswellasthoseemployedintherailwayservice,mustnotbeassembledforthepurposeoftakingpartinanymilitaryexercises.

IneachadministrativedistrictthelocalurbanandruralpoliceandforestguardsshallberecruitedandofficeredaccordingtotheprincipleslaiddowninthecaseofthegendarmeriebyArticle165.

IntheTurkishpolice,which,asformingpartoftheciviladministrationofTurkey,willremaindistinctfromtheTurkisharmedforce,officersorofficialssuppliedbythevarious


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AlliedorneutralPowersshallcollaborate,underthedirectionoftheTurkishGovernment,intheorganisationthecommandandthetrainingofthesaidpolice.Thenumberoftheseofficersorofficialsshallnotexceedfifteenpercent.ofthestrengthofsimilarTurkishofficersorofficials.

CHAPTERVI.

ARMAMENT,MUNITIONSANDMATERIAL

ARTICLE171.

OntheexpirationofsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,thearmamentwhichmaybeinuseorheldinreserveforreplacementinthevariousformationsoftheTurkisharmedforceshallnotexceedthefiguresfixedperthousandmeninTableIII

annexedto

this

Section.

ARTICLE172

ThestockofmunitionsatthedisposalofTurkeyshallnotexceedtheamountsfixedinTableIIIannexedtothisSection.

ARTICLE173.

WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallexistingarms,

munitionsofthevariouscategoriesandwarmaterialinexcessofthequantitiesauthorisedshallbehandedovertotheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofControlprovidedforinArticle200insuchplacesasshallbeappointedbythisCommission.

ThePrincipalAlliedPowerswilldecidewhatistobedonewiththismaterial.

ARTICLE174.

Themanufactureofarms,munitionsandwarmaterial,includingaircraftandpartsofaircraftofeverydescription,shalltakeplaceonlyinthefactoriesorestablishmentsauthorisedbytheInterAlliedCommissionreferredtoinArticle200.

WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallotherestablishmentsforthemanufacture,preparation,storageordesignofarms,munitionsoranywarmaterialshallbeabolishedorconvertedtopurelycommercialuses.

Thesamewillapplytoallarsenalsotherthanthoseutilisedasdepotsfortheauthorisedstocksofmunitions.

Theplantofestablishmentsorarsenalsinexcessofthatrequiredfortheauthorisedmanufactureshallberendereduselessorconvertedtopurelycommercialuses,inaccordance


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withthedecisionsoftheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofControlreferredtoinArticle200.

ARTICLE175

TheimportationintoTurkeyofarms,munitionsandwarmaterials,includingaircraftandpartsofaircraftofeverydescription,isstrictlyforbidden,exceptwiththespecialauthorityoftheInterAlliedCommissionreferredtoinArticle200.

Themanufactureforforeigncountriesandtheexportationofarms,munitionsandwarmaterialofanydescriptionisalsoforbidden.

ARTICLE176.

Theuseofflamethrowers,asphyxiating,poisonousorothergasesandallsimilarliquids,materialsorprocessesbeingforbidden,theirmanufactureandimportationarestrictlyforbiddeninTurkey.

Materialspeciallyintendedforthemanufacture,storageoruseofthesaidproductsorprocessesisequallyforbidden.

ThemanufactureandimportationintoTurkeyofarmouredcars,tanksoranyothersimilarmachinessuitableforuseinwarareequallyforbidden.

CHAPTERVII.

FORTIFICATIONS

ARTICLE177.

InthezoneoftheStraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178thefortificationswillbedisarmedanddemolishedasprovidedinthatArticle.

Outsidethiszone,andsubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle89,theexistingfortifiedworksmaybepreservedintheirpresentcondition,butwillbedisarmedwithinthesameperiodofthreemonths.

CHAPTERVIII.

MAINTENANCEOFTHEFREEDOMOFTHESTRAITS

ARTICLE178.

ForthepurposeofguaranteeingthefreedomoftheStraits,theHighContractingPartiesagreetothefollowingprovisions:


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(I)WithinthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,allworks,fortificationsandbatterieswithinthezonedefinedinArticle179andcomprisingthecoastandislandsoftheSeaofMarmoraandthecoastoftheStraits,alsothoseintheIslandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,TenedosandMitylene,shallbedisarmedanddemolished.

Thereconstructionoftheseworksandtheconstructionofsimilarworksareforbiddenintheabovezoneandislands.France,GreatBritainandItalyshallhavetherighttopreparefordemolitionanyexistingroadsandrailwaysinthesaidzoneandintheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,andTenedoswhichallowoftherapidtransportofmobilebatteries,theconstructionthereofsuchroadsandrailwaysremainingforbidden.

IntheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,SamothraceandTenedostheconstructionofnewroadsorrailwaysmustnotbeundertakenexceptwiththeauthorityofthethreePowersmentionedabove.

(2)Themeasuresprescribedinthefirstparagraphof(I)shallbeexecutedbyandattheexpenseofGreeceandTurkeyasregardstheirrespectiveterritories,andundercontrolasprovidedinArticle203.

(3)TheterritoriesofthezoneandtheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,Tenedos,andMityleneshallnotbeusedformilitarypurposes,exceptbythethreeAlliedPowersreferredtoabove,actinginconcert.ThisprovisiondoesnotexcludetheemploymentinthesaidzoneandislandsofforcesofGreekandTurkishgendarmerie,whowillbeundertheInterAlliedcommandoftheforcesofoccupation,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle161,northemaintenanceofagarrisonofGreektroopsintheislandofMitylene,northepresenceoftheSultansbodyguardreferredtoinArticle152.

(4)ThesaidPowers,actinginconcert,shallhavetherighttomaintaininthesaidterritoriesandislandssuchmilitaryandairforcesastheymayconsidernecessarytopreventanyactionbeingtakenorpreparedwhichmightdirectlyorindirectlyprejudicethefreedomoftheStraits.

Thissupervisionwillbecarriedoutinnavalmattersbyaguardshipbelongingtoeachofthe

saidAllied

Powers.

Theforcesofoccupationreferredtoabovemay,incaseofnecessity,exerciseonlandtherightofrequisition,subjecttothesameconditionsasthoselaiddownintheRegulationsannexedtotheFourthHagueConvention,1907,oranyotherConventionreplacingittowhichallthesaidPowersareparties.Requisitionsshall,however,onlybemadeagainstpaymentonthespot.

ARTICLE179.

ThezonereferredtoinArticle178isdefinedasfollows:

(I)InEurope:


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FromKarachaliontheGulfofXerosnortheastwards,

alinereachingandthenfollowingthesouthernboundaryofthebasinoftheBeylikDeretothecrestoftheKuruDagh;

thenfollowingthatcrestline,thenastraightlinepassingnorthofEmerli,andsouthofDerelar,thencurvingnorthnortheastwardsandcuttingtheroadfromRodostotoMalgara3kilometreswestofAinarjikandthenpassing6kilometressoutheastofOrtajaKeui,thencurvingnortheastwardsandcuttingtheroadfromRodostotoHairobolu18kilometresnorthwestofRodosto,thentoapointontheroadfromMuradlitoRodostoaboutkilometresouthofMuradli,astraightline;thenceeastnortheastwardsto.YeniKeui,

astraight

line,

modified,

however,

so

as

to

pass

at

aminimum

distance

of

2kilometres

north

oftherailwayfromChorlutoChatalja;thencenorthnortheastwardstoapointwestofIstranja,situatedonthefrontierofTurkeyinEuropeasdefinedinArticle27,1(2),astraightlineleavingthevillageofYeniKeuiwithinthezone;thencetotheBlackSea,thefrontierofTurkeyinEuropeasdefinedinArticle27,1(2).

(2)InAsia:

FromapointtobedeterminedbythePrincipalAlliedPowersbetweenCapeDahlinaandKemerIskeleonthegulfofAdramideastnortheastwards,alinepassingsouthofKemerIskeleandKemertogetherwiththeroadjoiningtheseplaces;thentoapointimmediatelysouthofthepointwheretheDecauvillerailwayfromOsmanlartoUrchanlarcrossestheDiermenDere,astraightline;thencenortheastwardstoManiasGeul,alinefollowingtherightbankoftheDiermenDere,andKaraDereSuyu;thenceeastwards,thesouthernshoreofManiasGeul;thentothepointwhereitiscrossedbytherailwayfromPandermatoSusighirli,thecourse

oftheKaraDereupstream;thenceeastwardstoapointontheAdranosChaiaboutkilometresfromitsmouthnearKaraOghlan,astraightline;thenceeastwards,thecourseofthisriverdownstreamthenthesouthernshoreofAbulliontGeul;thentothepointwheretherailwayfro

the treaty of peace between the allied and associated powers

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