the value of the un/ece “land administration guidelines” and some considerations for its...
TRANSCRIPT
The Value of the UN/ECE
“Land Administration Guidelines”
and some considerations for its Upgrading
Dr Chryssy A Potsiou
National Technical University of Athens
Land Administration “the processes of recording and disseminating
information about the ownership, value and use of land and its associated resources”
1993• Countries in transition-implementation socialist command style to market economy• Western European countries-cadastral reform digitization
user needscost-recovery policies
UN/ECE Workshops, Task Force Guidelines
LA Guidelines contain :
• basic theoretical issues
• legal issues
• financial matters
• land use planning
• institutional arrangements
• technical matters
• procedures for introducing a LA system
• useful recommendations
The benefits of the LA Guidelines
• simple, easily understandable, not technical • short but also very comprehensive text
• covers all main different matters
They have served as a useful and wise tool both for the countries in transition and for those who need to develop their own LA systems
Why to revise the LA Guidelines?
Identification of the Need
New problems have to be faced:
• lack of access to capital and credit
• property investment is still perceived as high risk
• weak or inconsistent valuation system
• no rural land market activity
General reasons• Experience gained through the ongoing LA projects
• Close cooperation between UN/ECE WPLA, FIG, Eurogeographics, INSPIRE,…
• UN/ECE WPLA workshops
• Information technology
satellite communications
WAP technology, Internet
• Spatial Information Management
NSDI’s
• Use of GPS
digital photogrammetry & orthophotos in establishing cadastral maps
3D Cadastre
General reasons• New legal issues remain to be solved:
e-commerce, e-services, and copyright protection against digital violation of intellectual property rights
• Cadastre as a tool for good LA, social stability, economic development
• Wide spread of the free market and the development of
pan-European and international markets
• Increasing role of the private sector , balance
• Need for more cost-recovery approaches, data and services pricing policies , free labour mobility within Europe
• Need for education and capacity building
• Combined European regional approach, harmonization of information, NMA’s
• New approaches in mass valuation and land taxation
What Revisions? Some ProposalsFor a land market to work efficiently it is necessary:
• a land registration system
security of property rights, simple and inexpensive transfer of property rights
• confidence to be provided to investors through clear, transparent and consistent land policies
regulations, taxes land use land value
• a financing mechanism meaning availability of capital and credit
In most cases deficiencies in LA arrangements are
due to institutional (including management) rather than technical problems
Five most threatening factors against the success of the implementation of a LA system
• Lack of adequate and stable land policy
• Lack of clear objectives for the project
• Time required
• Lack of a cost-benefit analysis
• Lack of special knowledge
education and capacity building
Land Policy
• Informal settlements
• Monitoring of land uses and physical planning
• Protection of coastline
• Protection of forest land
• Protection of archaeological sites
• Balance between restrictions on the land and sustainable land market development
• Coordination of relevant public agencies
Clear Objectives
Criteria & Priorities• Multi-purpose
• Privatized - at what level
• Cost recovery policy – business approach
• Development of the Land Market
• User needs
• What do we have – what is missing
Mixing up political and technical criteria at every step of the project Mixing up old socialist command style economy policies with the
demands of the modern market economy
Is frequently creating confusion and contradiction
Unfair for every participant involved
Time required
Lead to a very ambitious work plan and time-consuming process
• Decrease of public acceptance
• Difficulty in checking, handling and updating a huge amount of detailed data
• Difficulty in the continuation of the funding
Complexityof work
OveremphasizedIntangiblebenefits
Enthusiasm
Cost-benefit analysis
• Calculating the benefits is more difficult
than evaluating the costs
• Cost-sharing arrangements need to be worked out
Education
• LA is not considered an issue of significant importance
• The role of the Surveyor as Land Administrator is very limited
• Education in Surveying and Cadastre focuses on
geodesy, mapping, photogrammetry and other technical skills
• Terms & Definitions
• Knowledge of legal matters, Land Administration and Management is required
There is a need to review the curricula
• Education and training of the staff, public agencies management and politicians is also necessary
• Ongoing education – capacity building
Each country should create its own experts