Umt 7: World War II~ame --------------------------

The World at WaL .. ,.AGAINMap Exercise

Directions. Follow the instructions below to label the accompanying maps.File the maps into your notebook.

1. Label the countries shown on the maps. Do not abbreviate.. -7~··

2. Shade the Axis powers one color and the Allied powers another. Label

them on the key.

3. Label the following bodies of water:• Mediterranean Sea• B1ack Sea• Caspian Sea• North Sea

• English Channel• Atlantic Ocean• Pacific Ocean

• 4. Draw a tank going into Poland representing Hitler's invasion .. Label it on

the key.

5. Draw flames in the Soviet Union representing Stalin's scorched earth

po1icy. Label it on the key.

6. Draw a uboat in the At1antic representing submarine warfare.

7. Draw a "puppet on stnngs" in the area of Manchuria (Manchukuo) whichJapan invaded for natural resources. Label the key as well.

8. Draw a mushroom cloud over Japan representing the atomic bomb that

was dropped. Label the key as well.

9. FinEl and label the following:• Casab1anca~ Yalta• Normandy~ Hawaii

• Singapore• Hong Kong• Philippines• Soloman Islands

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"II

- Began when aggressiveempire building byGermany, Italy, andJapan was opposed byBritain and France

-affe.cted _poI itics and-'--- for

WorldWar II

b~cause of thetechnological power- of

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#1: JAPAN INVAt)ED •#2:

Japan was trying 7'0 build an empire

An ACKEDETHIOPIA·1935, Ethiopia attacked (African nation)/HcHe 5eiaissh;:, +he Ethiopian King

begged the Leoque of Nations to . . and help _ They didn't _ Ethiopionsgot _

#3: GERMAN IN EUROPE. Hitler violated Treaty of Versames by rebuilding the Army and

sending troops into the Rhineland dose to France (1936)"1938: Hitler made part of the German Empire, Invaded the'

, part of Czechoslovakia wher-e many Germans lived.

#4: APPEASEMENT•. This was a adopted by WesteO'n EUt'opean nations. Underappeasement, nations gave in to __ .___ demands in: order' to maintainpeace (no one wanted another WORLD WAR!). At the Munich Conference, in1938, western countries allowed Hitler to go ahead and hlk.e the Sudetenlandaway from Czecholslovo,kia.

KEY TURNING POINTS OF THE WAR:

1941- .Entry of the into the WarWhy?Pearl Attack: December 7, 1941 (War declared by Franklin

Rooslevelt)

1942-1943- Battle- of , _Hitler attacked the Soviet Union and tried to takeover this well-known city

(now called Volgogrod, near the Ukraine)Freezing winter and Soviet troops forced Germans to eventually surrender

1 942 - EI Alamein• German General Erwin won many victories for the German Empire 11'1

North Africa. This was a famous battle where he and the Germans were finCiH,v. ~

stopped by and American troops. Rommel was surrounded andforced to surrender.

1943 - Invasion of -------After the Battle of EI Alcrnein, Brirish and American troops were ab~e to land

here, weakening Hitler and his army when he was forced to send __ ~ andtook away from his army in Western Europe.

1944- Invasion of ~• The Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944. Allied troop~;cw<osse9 the En9!b~h______ landing on the beaches .. They broke through German defensesand were able to advance to Paris, freeing from Germany <

The War Ends

Ends May 8~. Leaders met at the YALl'A ~. ~_,~ (Roosevelt.Churchill, and Stalin)i Victory in the Pacific:on and

1944- U.S. drops A-Bombs~ killing 110 ,000.

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Name Class _Date:,"',.~~

II Supreme Court Case Study\24',,'

The Rights of People of.Suspect,:$tl1:nic Backgrounds',': . ". '. .:.:' ':' '. '.

Korematsu v. United Sfa'fes, ,1944**************** Background of the Case **************'-+.-, ,

, After th~ 'bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941 by Japa:p~,~e;:planes,'.iti-Iapanesesentiment on the West Coast rose to almost hysterical proportions: All peep' of Japaneseancestry, even citizens of the United States, were uspected of beingpro-Iap .n, or worse-saboteurs and spies for Japan, Yielding to such ,r rtiments, President Frank.n D Rooseveltissued an executive order that authorized the mi .vry to evacuate and relocat "all or anypersons" in order to provide "protection against ~, ionage and against sabots se to nationaldefense, .. ," The military first set curfews on the Yvest Coast for persons of ' ranese ancestry.Later the military removed all persons of Japanese ancestry to war relocatioi. enters, Theorder affe~ted approximately 112,000 persons of Japanese ancestry; of whom about 70,000,were native-born.American citizens, An act of Congress later reinforced the president's order'by providing penalties for violations,

1 .:

Korematsu, a Japanese American citizen, refused to leave his home in California for arelocation camp, He was convicted in a federal court. His appeal.to a United States circuit'court failed, and 'he then brought the case before the United States Supreme Court,

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on$f:itutional Issue** * ** ** ** * **** ********* * *"* -k'* * +< j., * r-

, ;sinc~ the presiden t is commander in chief ofthe armed forces arid Congress is given thepower to declare war, was the executive order and its Congressional counterpart a constitu-

, tibrtal exercise of the war power? '

, ,

The Co'Urtdecided against Korernatsu by a vote of6 to 3, Justice H~go Black.wrote for the Court..::: '. . .. ' .

In 1943 the Court had upheld the government's position in a similar case,Hirabayashi v.Unit~d States. That case concerned the legality of the West, Coast curfew order, In Hirabayashi,as well as in Korematsu, the Court's language pointed toward the necessity of giving the mili-tary the benefit of the doubt on the grounds of wartime necessity. ,.'

In the earlier <;i',se,the Court had held that "we cannot reject as unfounded the judgment ofthe militaryauthorities and of Congress. , , ."Likewise, in the Kotematsu case, the C urt declared,"Weare unabletoconclude that if was beyond the war power of Congress and the Executive toexclude those.of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast area at the time they did:"

[usticeBlack.cited evidence that, following internment, "approximatelyfive thousand citizensof Iapanese ancestry refused to swear-unqualified allegiance to theUhited States and to renounce

, allegiance to the Japanese Emperor, and several thousand evacuees requested repatriation to Japan,"Although the Court admitted awareness ofthe hardships internmentimposed on Americancitizens, it stated "hardships are part of war, , .. Citizenship has its responsibilities as well as itsprivileges, and in time of war the burden is always heavier,"

Supreme Court Case studies<

(continued)47

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Supreme Cour~ Case Study 24 (continued)

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The question of racial prejudice "merely confuses the issue," said the Court.The true issuesare related to determining "military dangers" and "military urgency.'; Thesei~suesdelJlanded

.that citizens of [apanese ancestry be rel~c~ted by the military authorities. f;1ack observed,"Congress, reposing its confidence in this time of war in our military 1 Aers.", determinedthat they should have the power to do just this, , , , The Heed for act; il was great, and the timewas short. We cannot-by availing ourselves of the calm perspecti". of hindsight-now saythat at that time these actions were un ustified,"

..... ,,-,:,,***;,~**t*~ *t*'A*t..,'t:,j(,*=_Qj~~e.~i~ng·Opin"ns'* *.~.**** *****. *- *-? ..~j,+.1Justices Frank Murphy 'and Rob~rt (', ';ackson ;;~';~.~~;~';~~~' cii,; s~;~t~,·i~~;~hY·-~~lf~d"th~'··""'··:'" .- ..~,,,

Court's decision "legalization of racism. He objected particularly in the grounds that theJapanese Americans affected had been deprived of equal protect; of the law as guaranteed bythe Fifth Amendment. Further, Murphy wrote, as no provision ha. been made for hearings"this order also deprives them of all their constitutional rights to procedural due process." Hesaw 110 reason why the United States could not have done as Great Britain had done earlier inhearings during which about 74,000 German and Austrians residing in Britain were examined.Of these, only 2,000 had been interned,

In his dissent, Iustice.Iackson conceded that there might have been reasonable grounds forthe internment orders. But, he wrote, "Even if they were permissible military procedures; Ideny that it follows that they are constitutional. , , . A military commander may overstep thebounds of constitutionality, and it is an incident But if we review and approve, that passingincident becomes the doctrine of the Constitution,"

After the war, many people realized the injustice of the Court's decision. Finally, in 1988,Congress issued a formal apology to all internees and voted to give every survivor of the camps$20,000 in reparation.

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

i. On what constitutional basis did the Supreme Court deny Korernatsu's appeal?

2. If you had been a native-born Japanese American in 1942, what do yov think would have been yuurreaction to the internment order?

3. Justice Black became known as one of the staunchest defenders of the rights provided in the I1'.';o.t tenamendments. Is his decision in the Korematsu case in keeping with his reputation?

4. Wbat was the constitutional basis of Justice Murphy's dissent?

5. The Court's decision in the Korernatsu case has been described as involving "the most alarming u~c 0

military authority in our nation's history." Do you think this description of the case is justified?

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Hitler's War Against the Jews1933 Jewish civil servants forced 10 retire. Boycott against Jewish

businesses. No Jews allowed to work in journalism, teaching,theater, film, farming. Bc;oks written by Jews burned.

GU~ I(NOWLfiO,OE . ."

1934 Jewish soldiers disrnisss'd from army. Jews begin to be ex-cluded from professional positions in law, medicine, finance,and business. i~I~ \

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1941 Jews forbidden to leave Germany. All Jews over six years old IImust wear yellow star. Mass transports to concentration camps I~,'begin. ~

1942 At WannseeConferencE:, Hitler announces his plan to kill all l~the Jews in Europe. ~ __:=dIi _-=·::'!"""c~".':'

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1935 The Nuremberg Laws take away citizenship rights from Jews inGermany. Towns, stores, restaurants display Judeti Verboten("No Jews Allowed") signs. In November, 26,000 Jews sent toconcentration camps.

1939 Special Jewish curiew er.torced. Jews ordered to hand in theirradios and telephones 10 the government. Bank accounts ofJews seized by the Nazis. Ghettos established in occupiedPoland.

Having eliminated Jews from political life. the Nazisturned to geographical isolation--the ghetto. The tenn"ghetto," that is, the section of tcwn in which Jews wereforced to live, was used long before Hitler, but under theNazis it acquired new meanings and horrors. In 1939 theNazis started gathering Jews all over occupied Europe

the increasing low is the Nazi party portrayed in this poster? _from pubticat:the early days _gime. Does ilplain in part /hy do you think the Nazis wanted to convey this' ..r. r .. ... 1..

Date

Worksheet 71 The Nazi Appeal: Using Visual Evident

oicture below is a reproduction of a Nazi party election poster from 1932. The words at the t~ poster urge Germans to "end it /lOW," and tile message at the bottom asks people to vote J

r. Study the poster and review pages 598-602 of your text. Then answer the questions that folio

image to the German people? _

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GERMANY

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Estimated Jewish Deaths in the Final BolutlcrCountry Estimated Jewish Estimated Jewish

population population annihilatedNumber percent

"Poland 3,300,000 3,000,000 90Bailie countries 253,000 228,000 90Germany/Austria 240,000 210,000 90Protectorate 90,000 80,000 89Slovakia 90,000 75,000 83Greece 70,QOO 54,000 77The Netherlands 140,000 105,000 75Hungary 650,000 450,000 70White Russia 375,000 245,000 65Ukraine' 1,500,000 900,000 60Yugoslavia 43,000 26,000 60Belgium 65,000 40,000 60Rumania 600,000 300,000 50Norway 1,800 900 50France 350,000 90,000 26Bulgaria 64,000 14,000 22Italy 40,000 8,000 20Luxembourg 5,000 1,000 20Russia' 975,000 107,000 1-1Finland 2,000' t--- -"-Denmark 8,000

TOTAL 8,861,800 5,933,900 67

'Tile Germans did not occupy all the territory of this republic

TURKEY I From Lucy Dawidowicz, ed. The Holocaust Reader(New.York: Behrman House, 1976), p. 381.

59

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THINK ABOUT .. ,

i iu: Wnll;/see Call/erewhere Hitler proposed"Final 50/1IIio/l." How II'

history hnue beel/ c//(/I/:

DIRECTIONS - Answer the following questions using complete sentences.L What do you believe the difference to be between Concentration camps and death

camps?

2. What does Hitler mean when he calls his plan the FINAL SOLUTION?

Mr. VaglioUSH

Name. _

CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPSWWII - QUESTIONS FOR PACKET

NAZI APPEAL

I. How is the Nazi Party portrayed in this poster?

2. What image is being portrayed? Why do you think the Nazis wanted to portraythis Image to the German people?

2 Where were all the death camps located? Why do you suppose Hitler chose to putdeath camps m countnes other than his own?

3. Why would people vote for the Nazis party (Hitler).3. Is there any relationship to the amount of Jews killed and the location of the

Death Camps? Explain]

mTLER'S WAR AGAINST THE JEWS

1. After analyzing the material explain Hitler's treatment of the Jews? (politically,socially and economically)

2. tenus to knowa. Kristall Nacht

b. Nuremburg laws

c. use of the yellow star

d. ghetto

JEWISH DEATHS FINAL SOLUTION

1. Which country had the highest amount of deaths? Why?