THERAPYPSYCHOLOGYMs. CurreyMs. LaBaw

Things you’ll know…

1. What are the 4 major approaches to psychological therapy? Briefly describe each.

2. What are the three major drug groups, and what disorders are each primarily used for?

3. Explain ECT and what disorder it is used for.

4. What is one psychosurgery that is now rarely used?

5. What is better, psychotherapy, drug therapy, or both? Why?

PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY

4 MAJOR APPROACHES:

1. Psychoanalytic

2. Humanistic

3. Behavioral

4. Cognitive

*Eclectic Approach uses techniques from different combinations of the four approaches.

Psychoanalytic Approach

Dig up the past to clarify the present

Inspired by Freud

Free association- say whatever comes to mind when thinking about a childhood event. Hesitation Leave something out

Analyst’s job is to offer interpretation and insight Usually used dream analysis

Problems

Debate whether or not we repress important memories

Very expensive, so only the wealthy can afford treatment

Refuting gets you nowhere with the analyst.

Psychoanalytic Approach cont.

Psychodynamic Try to foster insight to original problem from

childhood, but focus on ‘the now’ Fewer meeting times

Interpersonal Life now and what’s going on now Proved effective against depression

Humanistic- Aim is to increase

self-awareness and self-acceptance

- Foster growth instead of relieving an illness (clients not patients)

- Focus on the present & future

- Emphasize conscious instead of unconscious

- Thought that potential for self-fulfillment already exists

Humanistic cont.Client-Centered Therapy

Developed by Carl Rogers Uses non-directive methods Active listening: Echo, Restate, Clarify Supportive and empathetic environment

Behavioral Approach

To replace fearful thoughts and related behaviors with constructive thoughts and actions

Classical Conditioning 2 Types

Systematic Desensitization Aversive Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Counterconditioning- associate new responses to situations

1.) Systematic Desensitization Associate pleasant/relaxed state with gradually

increasing stimuli that causes anxiety Uses progressive relaxation and modeling

**Technique commonly used for phobias.

Classical Conditioning cont.

2.) Aversive Conditioning Associates an unpleasant state with an

unwanted behavior Positive reaction now becomes a negative one Often combined with another form of treatment

=

Operant Conditioning

Withhold rewards or punish for unwanted behaviors

Reward desired behaviors

Reinforce the small steps

Good for autism

2 Problems: If reward isn’t there??? Ethical???

Cognitive Approach

Our thinking affects how we feel

Best used for depression Negative thoughts fuel these feelings

Teach clients to think constructively rather than destructively

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Change self-defeating thoughts and

inappropriate behaviors Good for OCD

BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES

Before 1950’s, not much was available for treating severe disorders

Usually hospitalized Mechanical devices were used

Drug Therapy Helped patients “breakthrough”

to a more stable hold on reality Deinstitutionalization

Drug Therapy

3 Major Types

1. ) Antipsychotics Used mainly for Schizophrenia Reduced level of delusions and hallucinations Help focus attention on significant aspects of

environment Block Dopamine Thorazine and Clozaril

SE= Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tardive dyskinesia, damage to white blood cells

**Not “feel-good” drugs**

Drug Therapy cont.

2.) Antianxiety Drugs Treat anxiety and panic disorder Works by boosting GABA Sedative and euphoric effect Temporary relief—don’t solve the problem Used best in combo with psychotherapy Valium, Librium, Xanax

Shouldn’t be taken with other CNS depressants

Drug Therapy cont.

3.) Antidepressants Treats major depression Classified by how they work

(neurotransmitters) Most common are SSRIs (Selective

Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) Boost serotonin in the brain

Taken by approx. 38 million people around the world

Must be taken for about 1 month before effects are felt (therapeutic lag)

Bipolar Disorder responds well to lithium compounds – lack of understanding how it works, but it does.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Began in Europe in early 1900’s. Insulin levels led to convulsions;

decreased symptoms

Late 1930’s started using electricity Effective in treating depression, but

scary to watch

Modern day, muscle relaxants and sedatives are given

Used when drug therapy doesn’t work (major depression)

Sometimes used on suicidal patients

SE= memory loss

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) cont.

No explanation as to the reasons it works

Controversial treatment

New Techniques: Repetitive Transcranial

Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Implants Less traumatic

Psychosurgery

Lobotomy Now very rare Used to calm uncontrollably emotional or

violent patients Cuts nerves that connects the frontal lobe to

deeper emotional centers

SOOOOO…..What’s the best?

Combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy.

Exit Slip

1. What are the 4 major approaches to psychological therapy? Briefly describe each.

2. What are the three major drug groups, and what disorders are each primarily used for?

3. Explain ECT and what disorder it is used for.

4. What is one psychosurgery that is now rarely used?

5. What is better, psychotherapy, drug therapy, or both? Why?