TIMELINE OF COMMUNICATION FOR KNOWLEDGE SHARING

Drinking may in fact predate bread as the �rst outcome of farming, as beer is a good protein sauce that also means a person’s water intake is free from hazardous bacteria. It has played a big role in all of human history, with evidence suggesting that it’s qualities as a social lubricant was vital for our species to make the move from hunter gatherers to city dwellers. By lowering inhibitions, trust is more readily built between drinkers. The persistence of alcohol use, on a near-universal scale, throughout human evolution, suggests that drinking must have had some signi�cant adaptive bene�ts, although this does not imply that the practice is invariably bene�cial.

DRINKING

We’re not the only species to learn from each other. For example, octopus learn by watching each other from a distance. No conversation necessary!

NOT JUST US

There are stories the Australian Aborigines have passed down that accurately describe events like the �ooding of the coast that created the Great Barrier Reef and Port Philip Bay..

ORAL TRADITION

PETROGLYPHS ANDPICTOGRAMSThese forms of proto-writing span the gap between cave painting and writing as we know it, where concepts are condensed into symbols.

Allover the world are examples of pre-historic painting. Lausanne or possibly some in the Kakadu are the oldest in the world, dated to at least 30,000 years ago.

CAVE PAINTING

500 MYA

5.7 MYA

30,000 BC

10,000 to 4,000 BC

The exact origins of writing are unclear - we think the Sume-rians started �rst around 4,000 BC, with the Egyptions and Chinese not far behind. Writing enabled cdeeper commerce, and a whole new way of learning.

WRITING

Fire enabled the sending of smoke signals, but we have done other clever things to communicate. The Greeks used a system across hills of letting out water and stopping when signalled. The height the water was at linked with a code, enabling the sending of complex messages over distance.

BEACONS

LIBRARIES AND THE CHURCHMonasteries became the holders of books, most of them handwritten, after the fall of the Roman Empire. They were kept chained to the shelves to prevent theft. Keeping the books kept the church at the centre of learning.

Every major empire since Persia, where Cyrus the Great is credited with setting up the �rst organised mail system, has had mail. it takes a lot of organisation to build the infrasturcture to handle it, but allows communications and learning over much greater distances than before.

MAIL

4,000 BC

MIXED

Guilds were how craft and manufacturing knowledge was protected in the Middle Ages. Groups of craftsmen formed associations based on their trades. They were responsible for controlling the secrets of production and how to make quality, selecting and training appren-tices, and took oaths to protect each other in disputes with others. They also prevented outsiders from trading in their crafts in that city. This is what being given to 'key to the city' means – you are allowed to trade there.

GUILDS

600 BC

562 AD

As the power of the Church declined and the power of city states, Kings and commerce rose, guild based universities began to �ourish. The growing academic freedom and redisco-very of Aristotle’s works even-tually kickstarted the Renaissan-ce.

UNIVERSITIES

Widely regarded as one of the most in�uential events in human history, the original printing press was invented in china between the years 1041 and 1048. A simple carving on a �at wooden surface that could be re inked and pressed many times over.

PRINTING PRESS

INDUSTRIAL PRINTING PRESSFriedrich Koenig, using the same system approach as Gutenberg’s original design Friedrich innovated the press to use rollers instead of a �at plate, and connec-ted the system to steam power. This improvement increased the speed of the press to 1100 pages an hour. 

German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg reimagined the printing press using metal plates and a faster press, the modernised version of the printing press had matrix enabling the quick and precise moulding of new type blocks.

METAL MOVING PRINTING PRESS

1088 AD

1041 AD

1450 AD

1810 AD

English inventor Francis Ronalds created the �rst working system between two clocks marked with letters to convey a messa-ge. His invention was met with little o�cial enthusiasm for his device in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH

The telegraph invented by Baron Schilling von Canstatt in 1832 had a transmitting device which consisted of a keyboard with 16 black-and-white keys. The British government tried to purchase the design but Schilling instead accepted overtures from Nicholas I of

FIRST USED TELEGRAPH

MORSE SYSTEMUnited States, 1837 Samuel Morse and his assistant, Alfred Vail, developed the Morse code signalling alphabet. This system was demonstrated in 1844, and then quickly rolled out all over the USA.

The �rst commercial electrical telegraph, the Cooke and Wheats-tone telegraph, was co-developed by William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone. The �rst successful system being installed on the Great Western Railway 13 miles (21 km).

COMMERCIALTELEGRAPHY

1823 AD

1832 AD

1837 AD

1837 AD

Richard M. Hoe’s perfection of Friedrich’s rotary press allowed for millions of copies of a single page to be produced in just one day, as the continuous feed allowed the press to run at a much faster rate.

STEAM ROTARYPRINTING PRESS

Innocenzo Manzetti was the �rst one to think of the transmission of speech over the telegraph lines but was unable to success-fully build a working example, this sparked a race to create the �rst working model.

SPEAKING TELEGRAPH

DIGITAL TELEPHONEIntroduction of the transistor, invented in 1947 by Bell Labora-tories, and the electronic switching systems in the 1950’s allowed for the analogue telephone system to become slowly redundant and be completely dissolved by 1960.

There is much dispute about who the inventor of the telephone was or when the �rst one was built, as the Electrical Telephone is an innovation of the electrical telegraph. Although the �rst device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice, was created by Alexander Graham Bell and was

TELEPHONE

1843 AD

1844 AD

the �rst to be granted a United States patent for such a device.

1876 AD

1947 AD

The �rst broadcast of large-scale commercial television. Allows visual representation of infor-mation to a large audience.

COMMERCIAL TV

Although not used by the public for another 40 years, it was actually invented quite early. Email in modern times has enabled a pace of interpersonal communication previously unheard of.

EMAIL

SEARCH ENGINESKeyword driven database that allows instant access to speci�c information and data on the Internet. The spread and availability of information soon became global. Useless, power-ful but also dangerous at the same time.

What started as a military project in the United States, ARPANET provided the stepping-stones to the Internet we have today. It is a network of systems that globally connect millions of millions of users and devices worldwide. Services o�ered by the Internet were, for example, the World Wide Web, Email, etc. This allowed for

INTERNET

1950 AD

1965 AD

1969 AD

1990 AD

New generation of collective and collaborative communi-ty-driven spread of information. Put Britannica out of business quick smart.

WIKIS

Informal form of communica-tion is enhanced globally with real-time messaging.

INSTANT MESSAGING

SOCIAL NETWORKING(FACEBOOK)Quickly developed for both informal and formal information sharing. It was largely popular and quickly accepted into society and allowed for instant delivery of information to a large worldwide audience.

Informal form of communication is enhanced globally with real-ti-me messaging.

INSTANT MESSAGING

1994 AD

1996 AD

1996 AD

2003 AD

nitiated the #Hashtag move-ment. Constant update of information on speci�c topics or themes.

SOCIAL MICROBLOGGING(TWITTER)

The sharing, freedom and delivery of information to online platforms. Digital age of communication and instant exchange of information between global users.

ONLINE CONTENTCOLLABORATION

2006 AD

2011 AD

The �rst two built were sold to the London Times, this began the long process of making newspapers available to a mass audience.

and approved but the build was cancelled following Schilling's death in 1837.

This began the frame work for future communication innova-tions by computer.

faster, easier, more accurate results for information compa-red to the previously used printed books and journals.

In the 16th century average amount of beer and ale consumed was about 17 pints per person per week in England, 100 litters per person per year in Valladolid, Spain and English sailors received a ration of a gallon of beer per day. Consummation of alcohol was used for social relief or as a stress medication during the early 16th century and not much have changed since.It is important to note that modern beer is much stronger than the beers of the past. While current beers are 3-5% alcohol, the beer drunk in the historical past was generally 1% or so.Taverns and ale halls were a common place all though of early 18th century England and around the world, although call many names the general use of any environment where alcohol was served was a social experience

TAVERN CULTURE

In the early 16th century books where seen as a work of art and only a�ordable to the richest of families, so when libraries stocked shelvesthe items were locked to chains and closely guarded as in most cases there was no copy of individual manuscripts. Library’s where almost sacred places and only the highest class individuals or royalty where allowed access to the information.

RENAISSANCELIBRARIES

In the 16th century average amount of beer and ale consumed was about 17 pints per person per week in England, 100 litters per person per year in Valladolid, Spain and English sailors received a ration of a gallon of beer per day. Consummation of alcohol was used for social relief or as a stress medication during the early 16th century and not much have changed since.It is important to note that modern beer is much stronger than the beers of the past. While current beers are 3-5% alcohol, the beer drunk in the historical past was generally 1% or so.Taverns and ale halls were a common place all though of early 18th century England and around the world, although call many names the general use of any environment where alcohol was served was a social experience

Guilds were how craft and manufacturing knowledge was protected in the Middle Ages. Groups of craftsmen formed associations based on their trades. They were responsible for controlling the secrets of production and how to make quality, selecting and training appren-tices, and took oaths to protect each other in disputes with others. They also prevented outsiders from trading in their crafts in that city. This is what being given to 'key to the city' means – you are allowed to trade there.

GUILDS

In the 16th century average amount of beer and ale consumed was about 17 pints per person per week in England, 100 litters per person per year in Valladolid, Spain and English sailors received a ration of a gallon of beer per day. Consummation of alcohol was used for social relief or as a stress medication during the early 16th century and not much have changed since.It is important to note that modern beer is much stronger than the beers of the past. While current beers are 3-5% alcohol, the beer drunk in the historical past was generally 1% or so.Taverns and ale halls were a common place all though of early 18th century England and around the world, although call many names the general use of any environment where alcohol was served was a social experience

TAVERN CULTURE

Guilds were how craft and manufacturing knowledge was protected in the Middle Ages. Groups of craftsmen formed associations based on their trades. They were responsible for controlling the secrets of production and how to make quality, selecting and training appren-tices, and took oaths to protect each other in disputes with others. They also prevented outsiders from trading in their crafts in that city. This is what being given to 'key to the city' means – you are allowed to trade there.

GUILDS

In the 16th century average amount of beer and ale consumed was about 17 pints per person per week in England, 100 litters per person per year in Valladolid, Spain and English sailors received a ration of a gallon of beer per day. Consummation of alcohol was used for social relief or as a stress medication during the early 16th century and not much have changed since.It is important to note that modern beer is much stronger than the beers of the past. While current beers are 3-5% alcohol, the beer drunk in the historical past was generally 1% or so.Taverns and ale halls were a common place all though of early 18th century England and around the world, although call many names the general use of any environment where alcohol was served was a social experience

TAVERN CULTURE

ENLIGHTENMENTLIBRARIES