1.UKOLN is supportedby: The Tools of our Trade: AACR2/RDA and MARC Guest lecture at London Metropolitan University 15 thMarch 2010 Ann Chapman Community and Outreach Team

2. What are our Tools?

AACR/RDA= content standard for resource description and access

MARC= communication and exchange format providing a structure for encoding the content of bibliographic and authority data

Related to:

ISBD= rules that organise the display of a bibliographic description of an item in a catalogue

FRBR= a entity-relational model of the data required to find, identify, select and obtain resources

3. ISBDs

International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions

Developed 1969 onwards by IFLA

Defined seven areas of description and their order

• Title

• Statement of Responsibility

• Edition

• Resource specific information

• Publication details

• Physical description

• Series information

• Notes and standard identifiers

4. FRBR

Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records

IFLA study; report published 1998

Entity-relationship model that defines:

• Tasks : find, identify, select, obtain

• Resource relationships : work, expression, manifestation, item

• Entity relationships : people, corporate bodies (agents) concepts, objects, events, places

5. AACR

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules

• A content standard for bibliographic description and access

• Bibliographic not just books

• Built on other, earlier sets of rules

Key principles

• One principle entry per resource

• Catalogue from item in hand

• Chief source of information

6. AACR timeline

1967 UK and US editions

1978 Second unified edition, consistent with ISBDs; several further revisions

1997 Toronto conference on AACR2

1998 FRBR

2005 Develop RDA not AACR3

2010 RDA launch (provisional)

7. AACR 2

Part 1: Description

• Chapter 1: General rules

• Chapters 2 -12: Resource type - specific rules

• Chapter 13: Analytic entries

Part 2: Headings, Uniform Titles, References

• Chapter 21: Choice of access points

• Chapters 22 26: Construction of access points

Appendices

• A: Capitalisation, B: Abbreviations, C: Numerals, D: Glossary, E: Initial articles

8. Whats wrong with AACR?

Increasingly complex

Lack of logical structure

Mixing content and carrier data

Hierarchical relationships missing

Anglo-American centric viewpoint

Written before FRBR

Not enough support for collocation

Unclear relationship with MARC Format

9. RDA The Aims

Rules should be easy to use and interpret

Be applicable to an online, networked environment

Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media

Encourage use beyond the library community

Be compatible with other similar standards

Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles

Separate content and carrier data

Examples more of them, more appropriate

10. Who is working on RDA?

Joint Steering Committee (JSC)

• 1 representative each from: ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC

• JSC reps consult with their constituency

• • In UK, CILIP/BL Committee on RDA plus specialist groups (e.g. Rare Books Group, IAML(UK & Ireland)

And in the period 2005 to 2009

• RDA Editor: Tom Delsey

• RDA Project Manager: Marjorie Bloss

11. And also

Task focused working groups

• RDA GMD/SMD Working Group

• RDA and ONIX Initiative

• RDA Examples Working Groups

• RDA MARC Working Group

• and

• DCMI RDA Task Group

12. How is RDA being developed?

Draft (responses revised drafts further responses, etc.) acceptance

Latest draft released 17 Nov. 2008; responses from:

• ACOC, ALA, BL, CCC, CILIP, LC

• France, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden

• ISSN International Centre

Final product the publishers ( ALA , CILIP, CLA)

13. RDA Timelime

2005

• Prospectus and draft of chapters relating to description

• Content and carrier studies

2006 and 2007

• Further drafts of chapters on description and access

• Work on appendices and glossary

2008

• Screenshot demo in August at IFLA conference

• Draft for consultation released in November

2010

• Launch of online product (announced as June 2010)

2010 2011

• Work on deferred issues

14. RDA Outline Structure

Introduction

Attributes

• Sections 1 to 4 (chapters 1 to 16)

Relationships

• Sections 5 to 10 (chapters 17 to 37)

Appendices A to M

Glossary

15. What will RDA look like? - 1

Section 1: Recording manifestation attributes

• Ch. 1 General guidelines

• Ch. 2 Identifying manifestations and items

• Ch. 3 Describing carriers (technical description)

• Ch. 4 Providing acquisition and access information (terms of availability, etc.)

16. What will RDA look like? - 2

Section 2: Recording attributes of work and expression

• Ch. 5 General guidelines (incl. construction of access points for works and expressions)

• Ch. 6 Identifying works and expressions (e.g.uniform and collective titles , etc.)

• Ch. 7 Describing additional attributes of works and expressions (incl.nature and coverage of content, intended audience,etc.)

17. What will RDA look like? - 3

Section 3 : Ch. 8, 9, 10, 11 Recording attributes of person, family and corporate body (=name headings )

Section 4 : Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Recording attributes of concept, object, event and place (=subject headings )

Section 5 : Ch. 17 Recording primaryrelationshipsbetween work, expression, manifestation and item

Section 6 : Ch. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 Recordingrelationshipsto persons, families and corporate bodies associated with a resource

18. What will RDA look like? 4

Section 7 : Ch. 23 Recordingsubject relationships

Section 8 : Ch. 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 Recordingrelationshipsbetween works, expressions, manifestations and items

Section 9 : Ch. 29, 30, 31, 32 Recordingrelationshipsbetween persons, families and corporate bodies

Section 10 : Ch. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 Recordingrelationshipsbetween concepts, objects, events and places

19. What will RDA look like? - 5

Appendices

• A: Capitalisation

• B: Abbreviations

• C: Initial articles

• D: Record syntaxes for descriptive data (ISBD, M21, DC)

• E: Record syntaxes for access point control data

• F: Additional instructions on names of persons

• G: Titles of nobility, rank, etc.

• H: Conversion of dates to Gregorian calendar

• J, K, L, M: Relationship designators

• Glossary

• Index

20. Using RDA

Analyse the resource being described

• What is the content type?

• Held in what carrier form?

• To what other resources is it related?

• To which persons, families or corporate bodies is it related?

• To what concepts, events and places is it related?

21. One rule for all

Mostly:

Rules apply to all content types

Rules apply to all media types

With

Examples of application to specific content and media

Occasionally:

Rules apply to specific materials or contents (e.g. treaties, religious texts, music)

22. Words, words, words

Can look opaque or going round in circles

Trying to avoid reference to specific content and carriers

Hope to improve wording over time

Use as the preferredsource of informationa source forming part of theresourceitself that is appropriate to (a) the type of description and (b) the presentation format of theresource .

Meanspreferredsource of informationmay vary according to:

Comprehensive or analytical description

Multiple pieces, early print, moving images, or all other materials

23. RDA What will it be?

Online resource (full text)

• Free open access June to 31 Aug. 2010

• Free month trial (not confirmed)

• US $325 for first user (sliding scale multiple users) http://www.rda-jsc.org/rdapricing.html

• Library schools likely different but not decided

Potentially:

• Concise text

• Tailored texts (law, music, serials, etc.)

• Training resource

• Incorporation into LMS cataloguing modules

24. RDA and beyond

RDA aims to be:

Independent of communication formats

• UNIMARC, MARC, MARCXML, MODS/MADS

• DC, EAD, ISBD, VRA, MPEG7

Compatible / better aligned with other similar standards

• Archives: ISAD(G)

• Museums: Cataloging Cultural Objects

25. RDA and MARC

Mapping RDA and MARC 21

• Report issued in Nov. 2006; various proposals subsequently go through MARBI process

How will RDA impact on MARC 21?

• Some new fields / subfields are being defined

How will MARC 21 impact on RDA?

• Data provisions in MARC 21 not covered in current draft of RDA

26. MARC 1960s

• Library of Congress project

• • Database of catalogue records

• • Production of catalogue cards

• US & UK versions

• • Reflected differing cataloguing practices

• • Developed in parallel but not identical ways

27. MARC 1970s

Variant formats developed

• • Based on either US or UK formats (AUSMARC, DANMARC, KORMARC, etc.)

• • USMARC developed 8 material formats (Books, Serials, Maps, etc.)

UNIMARC developed in 1977 by IFLA

• • Intended as exchange format

• • Used as the Bib format in some countries (e.g. France)

28. MARC Recent changes

Expansion of USMARC to a family of formats

• Bibliographic, Holdings, Authority, Classification, Community Information

Integration of USMARC bibliographic format

• Previous 8 formats integrated

Widespread adoption of MARC 21

• Some countries simply adopt USMARC

• 1997 USMARC & CANMARC become MARC 21

• 2003/4 MARC 21 enhanced by UK proposals; British Library adopts MARC 21

• 2006/7 MARC 21 enhanced by German proposals: this will enable libraries to move from MAB to MARC 21

29. MARC Structure

Leader

0xx control numbers, coded data

1xx primary access point

2xx description, GMD, edition, publication

3xx physical description

4xx series

5xx notes

6xx subject access points

7xx additional access points

8xx series added entries

9xx local fields

30. Maintaining MARC 21

Twice yearly MARBI meetings

• Discussion papers

• Proposals

UK and MARC 21

• BIC Bibliographic Standards Group

• [email_address]

• http://www.bic.org.uk/16/Bibliographic-Standards/

31. Some MARC changes for RDA

New fields

• 336 Content Type (Bib, Auth)

• 337 Media Type (Bib, Holdings)

• 338 Carrier Type (Bib, Holdings)

• 370 to 377 (Auth) (e.g. field of activity, occupation, gender, family information, associated language)

New codes

• New codes in 007 (Bib, Holdings)

• New codes in 008 (Bib)

• See more detail at: http://www.loc.gov/marc/formatchanges-RDA.html

32. MARC and XML

MARC has alpha-numeric 3-digit tags

• 100.1 Personal Name

• 245 $a Title $b Subtitle

XML has element labels

33. Looking into the crystal ball

FRBR

• Potential influence on cataloguing systems

• Authority records, uniform titles, work records

OPACs

• Multiple interfaces for different audiences

• More flexible search interfaces and displays

• Enhance for accessibility - supports all users

• Links (actual resources, restrictions, supporting or associated resources)

RDA

• Potential use outside the library domain

34. Contact details

Ann Chapman

UKOLN

University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY

[email_address]

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/bib-man/

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/ukoln/staff/a.chapman/

35. Creative Commons Licence

This licence allows the slides to be reused and, if necessary, modified for non-commercial use provided acknowledgements are given to Ann Chapman and UKOLN and the same licence is used for such modified resources.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/