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Topic 3 Pages 197- 211

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Lets list some that you have already used today! Shampoo and soap Orange juice Milk Water

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pH value of less than 7 Taste sour React with certain metals to produce H 2(g) React with bases to form salts and water

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Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Very strong, found in your stomach Sulfuric Acid: In car batteries, paints, dyes, refining oil and gas Phosphoric Acid: Fertilizers, detergents, pharmaceuticals, flavouring

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pH value of more than 7 Taste bitter Slippery feel React with acids to form salts and water

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Sodium hydroxide: In household cleaners Aluminum hydroxide: Key ingredient in antacids

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We use INDICATORS: A substance that tells us if a solution is an acid or a base Litmus paper: Blue litmus paper: Stay BLUE in a BASE Turns RED in an ACID Red litmus paper: Turns BLUE in a BASE Stays RED in an ACID

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The strength or concentration of an acid or base determines the extent to which it reacts with water Reaction changes the electrical conductivity of the water pH Scale: Way of comparing the relative acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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Rain or snow containing acid compounds from the air. pH less than 3! Causes: sulfur, nitrogen and carbon oxides with moisture in the air Ex: SO x, NO x, CO 2 + H 2 O Acid compounds are washed out of the air by rain and snow and may be deposited a long way from the source of the oxides.

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Damages: Aquatic ecosystems in lakes and streams Harms vegetation Decay of buildings, structures, monuments

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms4v0Ek vyuw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms4v0Ek vyuw

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Acid precipitation causes about $1 billion in damage each year!

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Destruction of architecture Fewer jobs Less profits Expensive maintenance and repairs to buildings, bridges and machinery

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Liming: Add CaCO 3 (calcium carbonate) to environment to neutralize acid Acid + base neutralization Scrubbers: Removes sulfur dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels

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1996 Between USA and Canada Agreed to reduce industrial exhaust emissions by 10% by 2000. Emissions from cars built before 1998 were to be reduced by 60%.

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Topic 3 booklet questions- due tomorrow!

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Materials: Purple cabbage 250ml beaker Tap water Hot plate 1 Sheet white paper In groups, boil water and cabbage (the darker the better). Soak TEN strips of white paper in the cabbage juice, remove and let dry. Remove the cabbage from the beaker. Label your beaker and strips. Youll use these as indicators tomorrow in the lab.