tourism and tourist
TRANSCRIPT
TOURISM
Rincy Rajan
History of Tourism The word tourism was used by 1772 and tourist by 1811.
The word tour is derived from the Latin, 'tornare’ means 'a lathe or circle; movement around a central point or axis'.
This meaning has changed in modern English to represent 'one's turn.
Describing a circle implies returning to one's starting point, so a tour is a round-trip journey, i.e. the act of leaving and ultimately returning to the original starting point.
By the Middle Ages, Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam all had traditions of pilgrimage that motivated even the lower classes to undertake distant journeys for health or spiritual improvement, seeing the sights along the way
Leisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom – the first European country to promote leisure time. These comprised the new middle class.
Cox & Kings was the first official travel company to be formed in 1758.
In India, tourism has become one of the major sectors of the economy, contributing to a large proportion of the National Income and generating huge employment opportunities.
It has become the fastest growing service industry in the country with great potentials for its further expansion and diversification.
What is Tourism ?"Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.”
Indian Sanskrit terms for tourism :“Atana”-going out “Tirthatana”- visiting places of religious merit “Paryatana”-visiting for pleasure and knowledge “Deshatana”- for economic gains
Who is a Tourist ?Someone who visits a place for pleasure and interest.
The person who is supposed to leave his/her hometown in order to visit a different area for the purpose of leaving an experience of shopping, entertaining, visiting, cultural &
historical attractive having fun and so on the condition that She/he should return to
his/her own place, stay no longer than 12 months, make use of a tourist activity and spend his/her on money.
What are the classifications of
tourism ?Inbound tourism is the activities of the visitor travelling to a place outside his usual environment for not more than one consecutive year and not less than 24 hours. The travel is for leisure, business and not for permant work and gaining money.
Outbound tourism is when a resident of a given country leaves that country to visit another country for certain period
• Inbound and outbound tourism have an important impact on a country's financial health. When a country attracts a lot of inbound tourism, the tourists spend money on souvenirs, hotels, dining and other amenities. This creates jobs, and through consumption taxes, it adds additional money to that country's coffers.
• Outbound tourism generates some money in the country of origin – outbound tourists buy things such as travel insurance, plane tickets and new travel clothing from their home country. However, ultimately, outbound tourism takes financial resources out of the home country and gives them to the destination country.
• If a country has more inbound than outbound tourism, it has a travel trade surplus, and a country with a travel trade surplus can consider tourism to be a very lucrative export. However, that
does not mean that a country should not encourage outbound tourism.
• There are intangible effects of both inbound and outbound tourism, and these include learning about the surrounding world and fostering positive relationships between countries
International Tourism: An international tourist crosses the boundaries of many
countries, uses different currencies, faces different languages and meets different types of people. Usually international tourism involves longer distances although crossing small countries or travelling in the neighborhood of international borders may involve short distances.
Domestic Tourism: It is concerned with travelling within the country. It does
not need a passport and visa or conversion of one currency into another. Domestic tourism has greater scope in countries of large dimensions such as India as
compared to smaller countries. From a geographical viewpoint, domestic tourism may range from local excursion, regional trips to national level travels.
Importance / Benefits of Tourism for a Nation The key benefits of tourism are economic, socio-cultural and
environmental.
Economic benefits - Tourism can provide direct jobs to the community, such as tour guides or hotel housekeeping. Indirect employment is generated through other industries such as agriculture, food production, and retail..
Infrastructure development such as airports, roads, schools, hospitals, and retail areas have the potential to benefit the local community and can aid economic development by allowing more trade and better flow of goods and services.
Social benefits - Tourism can bring about a real sense of pride and identity to communities. By showcasing distinct characteristics of their ways of life, history and culture
Environmental benefits - Tourism provides financial support for the conservation of ecosystems and natural resource management, making the destination more authentic and desirable to visitors. It also adds more value to the local tourism business.
• Employment :-One of the easiest advantages to identify is the jobs tourism brings. This ranges from directly influenced positions like tour guides, hotel staff, coach services, and restaurants
• Increased Spending in the Local Community :-This comes twofold. First you have the money that is spent directly by tourists in the economy. Not just on tourism, but there are a huge range of basic human requirements that need to be purchased, like food, clothing, hairdressing, medical services, and transportation needs that all need to be filled, along with souvenirs and amusements
• Foreign Exchange earning:- Many tourist destinations attract a good number of foreign tourists. This helps the country earn foreign exchange
• Cultural exchange:- Tourism gives opportunity to people of various cultures to assimilate together.
People belonging to various cultures meet together and understand each other. This gives them an opportunity to build respect for each other. Hence, it fosters cultural harmony.
Drawbacks of Tourism Many of the negative impacts from tourism occur when the amount of visitors is greater than the environment's ability to cope with the visitor volume.
Some of the consequences of exceeding the environmental capacity include strain on already scarce resources such as water, energy, food and natural habitat areas.
In addition, unchecked tourism development may lead to soil erosion, increased pollution and waste, discharges into the sea and waterways, increased pressure on endangered species of animals and plants, and heightened vulnerability to deforestation, as well as loss of biodiversity.
The same way that tourism can encourage the preservation of socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, mass tourism may also erode traditional values by introducing foreign elements which are in conflict with the cultural, historical, and religious heritage of the community.
The tourism paradox therefore, lies in the tension between our desire to travel the world, and the need to provide the most benefits with the least harm.
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