World Affairs Institute

Toward the Great Peace by Ralph Adams CramAdvocate of Peace through Justice, Vol. 85, No. 8 (AUGUST, 1923), p. 320Published by: World Affairs InstituteStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20660376 .

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320 ADVOCATE OF PEACE August

Attention might well be drawn, also, to Monsieur Cail laux's masterly summary of the present financial condition and the financial policy of France.

Altogether, it might be deduced from the above works that there is a growing minority realization in Europe of the follies and recklessness of the past ten years. The dis aster implicit in any war would appear to have been en hanced in this generation by the attempts of semi-educated and unscrupulous groups to produce economic results by the application of political laws. The frightful consequences of these attempts are such as must inevitably ensue upon the arbitrary disposition of insufficiently comprehended forces with a purely materialistic and mechanistic end in view.

Pan-Americanism, Its Beginnings. By Joseph B. hockey. Published by Macmillan Co., New York. Pp. 503. $5.

Few international questions can be more interesting to the United States than that of Pan-Americanism. Though vaguely cognizant of an institution known as the Pan American Union, however, large numbers of citizens have little or no knowledge of the generations of concentrated effort which have resulted in the establishment of generally friendly relations between the United States and the sister Latin-American republics, to say nothing of the generally increasing peaceful disposition of these republics as among themselves.

Just what effort all this has entailed is set forth in an

interesting manner by Mr. Lockey in his book on the begin nings of Pan-Americanism. In view of the loudly voiced

opinions of certain Latin-American publicists concerning the Monroe Doctrine, the chapter depicting the historical

background and circumstances leading up to that famous

pronouncement is especially interesting, containing, as it does, expressions of opinion on the subject by the Latin American leaders of that date. The part played by Great Britain and the United States in assisting Mexico to secure her independence is vividly described, as also the interest

ing question of the attitude of the United States, Great Britain, and France toward Haiti.

There is no doubt that a work of this nature should be included in the reading schedule of every American inter ested in the external relationships of the United States.

The New International Year Book, 1922. Edited by Frank Moore Colby. New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. Pp. 792. Price, $6.75.

The International Year Book for 1922, in its plain bind ing and clear type, continues its pleasing and valuable serv ice. Its few well-printed pictures, portraits, for the most part, and half dozen two-page, colored maps, add to the at tractiveness of this welcome library tool. The volume is really an encyclopedia for the year. The reviews of the year's happenings in the United States and the rest of the world are written by specialists with unbiased compre hensiveness. Among the subjects of general interest may be mentioned articles on psychology, the Einstein theory (physics), auto-suggestion, and the new movements in

drama and literature. Readers of this magazine will be especially interested in the fifteen-page article, by Mr. Clinton Rogers Woodruff, on International Peace.

Lex Talionis. By Warren Hills. Meet-McGinley Co., Bal timore. Pp. 272.

The author of this book, former member of the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff, United States

Army, sets forth in expository form the American peace views at the time of the Armistice, in the fall of 1918, as set forth principally in President Wilson's addresses, com

munications with the Central Powers, and finally in the con clusions reached at the Trianon Palace Hotel, November 4, 1918. The author notes that the Allied governments agreed to make peace with the Government of Germany on the terms laid down in the President's address to Congress of

January, 1918, and the principles of settlement enunciated in subsequent addresses. There were only two qualifying clauses to that acceptance?one relating to the freedom of the seas and another to the compensation to be made by

Germany for damage done to the civilian populations of the Allies. Tracing step by step the drift of the conferees at the Paris Peace Conference away from this agreement, the conclusions relative to the Treaty of Versailles are self-evi dent. It is not a pleasant tale, this account of the withering of the American peace, between the month of December, 1918, and the month of March, 1919. Two irreconcilable philosophies of government are laid before us in deadly con flict. The older of the two wins. Without assuming the controversial attitude, the author shows us how it was done. Furthermore, the process must impress the thoughtful reader with the importance of familiarizing himself with that history, to the end that in future negotiations repre sentatives of the United States may more fully understand "that curious type of mentality which the European stand ard of negotiation produces." This book is a contribution for any seeker after the facts in that field.

Toward the Great Peace. By Ralph Adams Cram. Bos ton. Marshall Jon Co. Pp. 263. Price, $2.50.

Many persons do not believe that the world is now on the road to better things. Among them is Dr. Ralph Adams Cram, who delivered a course of lectures in 1921 in the Dartmouth alumni lectureships on the Guernsey Center Moore Foundation. These lectures have now been gathered together and published in book form.

Professor Cram does not scold, neither does he foam with sarcasm. Whatever one may think of his desire for Medie valism as a corrective for industrialism, it must be admitted that his spirit is large and kindly. In fact, his attitude is

well described in the prayer he quotes from one Bishop Hacket, who lived in the 17th century. The quotation runs as follows : Lord, lift us out of private-mindedness and give us public souls to work for Thy Kingdom by daily creating that atmosphere of a happy temper and a generous heart

which alone can bring the Great Peace. There is no rancour in Dr. Cram's criticism of present

day institutions, though scarcely any of them seem to him to contain hope. He thinks that we must go away back into the past to find the cross-roads where humanity first took the wrong turning. In medieval institutions there were, he thinks, many principles which we might to advantage work into a new social fabric. Knighthood, with its ideal of courtesy and service; the Guilds, with their communal obli gations, but their individual freedom and holy joy in labor; a trained and honorable aristocracy, coming to the aid of democracy in government?all these he dares to consider worthy our rebuilding.

Dr. Cram's theory of Sacramentalism as the only work able philosophy of life will be better understood by members of the Anglican or Roman communions than by other de nominations; but when, in considering industry, govern ment, education, and other social organizations, he says that character is the "chief end of man and the sole guar anty of a decent society," and that the cultivation of char acter has been neglected, he speaks a language we all understand.

Dr. Cram has no respect for most accepted slogans, and his arguments are often provocative, but he has made his points very clear, and on the whole one feels that the basic principles of the new society he previsions are at least worth study.

. If, as Dr. Cram states, "it is true that we are in the last years of a definite period, on that decline that precedes the opening of a new epoch," it is also true that it is for us to say what the prologue to that epoch is to be. It may be new dark ages, or it may be a new renaissance.

Allied to the Utopian literature, now flooding the market, this course of lectures differs from it, in that it is not a phantasy nor is it fantastic. Indeed, "Toward the Great Peace" is well worth thoughtful reading.

PRESS OF JUDD & DETWEILER, INC., WASHINGTON, D. C.

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