towards low-cost swedish planetary missions s. barabash 1, o. norberg 2, j.-e. wahlund 3, m....
TRANSCRIPT
Towards Low-cost Swedish Planetary Missions
S. Barabash1, O. Norberg2, J.-E. Wahlund3, M. Yamauchi1, S. Grahn4, S. Persson4, and L. Blomberg5
1. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, SWEDEN2. Swedish Space Corporation, Esrange, SWEDEN3. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, SWEDEN4. Swedish Space Corporation, Solna, SWEDEN5. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SWEDEN
It is a fate for small countries like Sweden to seek low-cost high-performance missions in order to keep the cut-in-edge position in national level space missions.
Swedish Scientific Satellite Series
Swedish microsatellites
ASTRID- 1World’s first ENA.
Total mass 27 kg
Stowed configuration
ENA main instrument seen on the left
1995
Swedish microsatellite ASTRID- 2”Complete Set” of
plasma instruments.
Total mass 30 kg
In launch vehicle shroud
Clean-room testing at SSC, Solna
Sketch showing deployed axial magnetometer and star tracker boom
1998
Swedish nanosatelliteMUNIN
”Flying Instrument” Mass 6kg / 3 sensor
2000
•MEDUSA•DINA•HiSCC
Nano-satellite advantage
* Technology: - Test of state-of-art satellite technology - Test of state-of-art instrument - Test of ordinary market components in space* Science: - Quick public science (space weather and auroral research) - Frontier science (with state-of-art instrument)* Educational Outreach
After performing both ends, Munin nanosatellite and Odin high precision satellite, it is natural to seek feasibility of low-cost interplanetary missions.
= Saga
Saga: interplanetary sub-satellite
Size: 50 50 40 cm (Astrid-2 type)Mass: 37 kg (9 kg payload) Power: 10 W
Subsystem massStructure including solar panel 6.0 kgAvionics unit 6.0 kgUHF communication system (assumed) 3.0 kgSun sensor 0.3 kgStar tracker 1.0 kgNutation damper 0.3 kgCable harness 1.3 kgBattery 2.0 kgThermal blanket 0.3 kgPropulsion system 2.5 kgPropellant 1.5 kgPayload 9.0 kgContingency & balance mass 4.2 kgTotal (Saga) 37.4 kg
Really 37 kg? Yes, as a sub-satellite!
Saga: Technical summaryAxis spin-stabilized, axis perpendicular to ecliptic Size 50x50x40cm boxMass 37 kg for sub-satellite + 4 kg for extra
communication package on mothership
Power 70 W from solar array (0.5x0.4m), peak consumption 60 W
Payload mass 9 kg, power 10 W Data link (+ranging?) Beagle-2 (MARESS) type UHF radio,
1-10 kb/sec with 40W powerSeparation & spin-up Mars Express (SUEM) type made by Hunting Main avionics simplified from SMART-1 (up to 40 kRad) Attitude/orbit control Cold gas (N2) propulsion + nutation damperAttitude determination sun sensor, star tracker
• Atmospheric evolution and solar wind induced atmospheric escape
• Instantaneous response of the near-planet environment (particle and electromagnetic) to solar wind variations
• Plasma processes near non-magnetized/magnetized bodies and structure of an induced magnetosphere
Saga: Plasma Science
Venus? Mars? Asteroid? Comet? Magnetotal?
Table 1: Saga proposed payload compared to Astrid-2
Instrument Saga Astrid-2 (10kg)DC Magnetometer dB < 0.1nT sameWave and E-field up to 16 MHz up to 2 kHzLagmuir probe x 2(density and temperature)
1~10^6 cm-3Vsc: ± 20V
same
Booms 1m x 2 + 10m x 4 3.3m x 4 + 0.8m x 2Ion mass spectrometer 0.01~40 keV, M/dM=5 Ion (no composition)Electron spectrometer 0.01~25keV sameEnergetic Neutral imager* 0.03-1keV, H , O, CO2 noX-ray detector* < 1keV noPhotometer* HI 1216, OI 1304 same*optional
Such a mission requires state-of-art technologies which must be tested in Earth-orbiting satellite.
Saga: Payload
Prisma + NanoSpace
Dual-S/C Technological Mission
Strategic position of Prisma/NanoSpace
Prisma77 kg including new kick motor
Payload 10.5 kg
Power 26 W
New S/C technology
State-of-art Instrument
Prisma: Technology Test
* Semi-coordinated formation flightRanging by laserInter-satellite communication
* Micro-spacecraft technology Integration of electric componentKick motorHigh-telemetry (512 kbps)
* Flight test of new scientific instrumentation Miniaturization with high resolutionNew functionCommon bus
Prisma: PayloadInstrument function mass powerDC Magnetometer (*1) dB < 0.1nT 0.6 kg 2.0 WDC/AC Electric field (*2) DC ~ MHz 2.75 kg 4.2 WWave (*3) 1 Hz ~ 16 MHz 1.3 kg 7.4 WLangmuir probe x 2 1~106 cm-3, Vsc: ± 20V 0.55 kg 1.6 WIon mass + electron 0.01~25 keV, M/dM=5 1.6 kg 2.3 WEnergetic Neutral imager 0.03-1 keV, H, O, CO2 2.0 kg 2.0 WX-ray detector 5 ~ 40 keV, ∆E=1.5keV 0.3 kg 0.8 WGamma-ray detector HI 1216, OI 1304 0.5 kg 0.7 Wcommon electric box 0.95 kg 0.2 WPrisma Total 10.5 kg 21.2 W
Wave 0.2 kg 7 WDC Magnetometer 0.1 kg 2 WNanoSpace-1 Total 0.3 kg 9 Wbooms/wires: (*1) 1m x 2, (*2) 13m x 2, (*3) 1m x 6
1. Ionosphere-Magnetosphere (electrodynamic) coupling effects at ionospheric altitudes.
2. Plasma turbulence/structure and their role in plasma energization.
3. Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling or physical processes behind sprites, gravity waves, and heatings.
4. Solar-Ionosphere coupling through plasma, radiation, and dynamics.
5. Oxygen and other heavy ion circulation from/to the ionosphere.
Science
Although this is a technological mission, Prisma will be the first ionospheric plasma mission with state-of-art instrumentation after 25 years' blank
Through Prisma mission, we try to* Keep cut-in-edge technology in micro-spacecraft body
* Keep cut-in-edge technology in micro-spacecraft control
* Keep cut-in-edge technology in scietific instrument
Concluding remarks
With Saga concept, we should be able to* Make planetary missions handy* Increase chance for international collaboration
Sweden always seeks international collaboration for aggressive missions