towards resilience: community driven drr & cca financing

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh

Abdul Qayyum Mohammad National Project Director (Additional Secretary ), CDMP II, MoDMR, Bangladesh

6th AMCDRR, Bangkok, Thailand

23 June 2014

TOWARDS RESILIENCE: COMMUNITY DRIVEN DRR & CCA FINANCING LESSONS FROM LOCAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FUND (LDRRF) INTERVENTION


DROUGHT - Affecting 8.3 million Ha of land.

FLASH FLOOD Unpredictable, recurring, uncertain.

FLOOD - Inundates more areas, increases river erosion, breaches embankments, damage infrastructures.

CYCLONE - Remain to be the deadliest and most destructive hazard. It is recurring, with lingering aftermath, complex recovery.

First rank climate change vulnerable nations.

Fifth rank in the world risk index 2012

SALINITY INTRUSION - Spreading from 1.5 to 2.5 Mha (2007).

AND CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES, FIRE BREAKOUT, INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSE ETC.

Number of people exposed yearly

45 Million

20 Million

28Million

Bangladesh incurred an average annual loss equal to 1.8% of GDP due to natural disasters in the past two decades (source Sixth Five-Year Plan)

RISK PROFILE


RISK REDUCTION IN BANGLADESH

The country has dramatically reduced impacts of extreme events in rapid onset disasters such as cyclone and floods.

Climate change increased the vulnerability and put the country more complex situation in disaster and its adverse impact already been evidenced.

Sharing knowledge, experiences of disaster risk reduction, and the regional cooperation are crucial for building resilience communities and nations

CYCLONE

FLOOD

DROUGHT


FLOURISHING ENVIRONMENT

Robust ecosystem and safe built environment

VIBRANT AND JUST SOCIETY

Social well being and good governanve

PROSPEROUS ECONOMY

Robust productivity and well distributed

dividends

Reduced vulnerability

Enhanced capacities

Mitigated and adapted

hazards

RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Continue growing, able to withstand

shocks

*Modified from Satendra & Sharma, 2004

DRR GOAL: RESILIENT COMMUNITIES


A TWO-PHASED PROGRAMME TO SUPPORT GOVERNMENT VISION

A comprehensive Approach: all hazard, all risk, all phases, all sectors A platform for different actors for bridging the gaps A convergence of supports from Development Partners

OVERALL OBJECTIVES

To strengthen the capacity of the disaster management system to reduce unacceptable risk and improve response and recovery management at all levels.

KEY ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH

Getting the right balance of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery Formal and Traditional hazard and risk analysis

Moving from generic to specific risk interventions Mainstreaming risk reduction across hazards and sectors Empowering stakeholders partners and communities

CDMP IN LOCAL RESILIENCE BUILDING


OUTCOME AREAS

Professionalising DM System

Rural Risk Reduction

Urban Risk Reduction

Preparedness and Response

Mainstreaming DRR and CCA

Community level Climate Change

Adaptation

MODMR

DDM

PARTNER DEPTS / MINS

DMCs

LOC. ADMINS

MSU UNDP

UNIVERSITIES

TRG INSTS.

NGOS

CIVIL SOCIETY

PRIVATE SECTORS

DELIVERY MECHANISMS


COMMUNITY BASED DM

Risk Reduction Interventions

Preparedness and mitigation

Response

Recovery/rehabilitation

Risk assessment

CRA

FTRA

RRAP

Bangladesh has over 20 years experience of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR), the Community Risk Assessment (CRA) and Risk Reduction Action Planning (RRAP).

In addition voluntarism in rural and urban settings have gained momentum during this time.


Key Dimensions of Planning and Financing

Community Resilience

Bangladesh Experiences

Identification and assessment of DRR and

CCA at local level

CRA

Prioritizing and costing the activities for

DRR and CCA

RRAP

Prioritized and costed DRR & CCA options at

different levels

CCTF, CRTF

Financing local level DRR and CCA initiatives LDRRF

Ensure accountability of the financing at

local level

Regular training to DMCs,

DMC and PIC meeting and

monitoring

BANGLADESHS EXPERIENCES


Community Risk Assessment (CRA) and Fast Track Risk Assessment (FTRA) are participatory process primarily for the rural areas to: Assess hazards, vulnerabilities, risks, ability to

cope Prepare coping strategies and Prepare a risk reduction action plan (RRAP)

for implementation by the local authority and other actors.

So far 714 CRA and 307 Fast Track Risk Assessment (FTRA) have been conducted in 339 most vulnerable Unions of 107 Upazilas and 40 Districts. In addition to that, 10 more URAs completed in collaboration with INGOs in Dhaka North & South City Corporation and FTRA done in 11 more CC/municipalities in 8 Districts

RISK ASSESSMENT


After a CRA, communities develop a detailed risk reduction

strategy, which they will implement through local

community institutions or local government bodies.

MAJOR STEPS OF CRA Scoping the Community Transact walk, wealth ranking census, resource mapping,

focus group discussions, key informants interviews, etc. Collect, analyze and validate secondary information with

the community

Identification of Hazards, Vulnerable Sectors, Elements and Locations Divide participants into stakeholder groups to identify the hazards they face in their communities and associated vulnerable sectors/elements/locations.

Risk Analysis and Evaluation Analyze and evaluate risk statements to ensure an accurate picture of each hazard and its respective risks, and rank them according to the impact stakeholders perceive them to have on the various community elements.

Specific Risk Reduction Options and Action Planning Determine the most effective and appropriate risk reduction options for the elimination, reduction and/or management of risk.

Consensus on Options Jointly review with primary and secondary stakeholders the compiled output of coping strategies recommended by primary stakeholder groups and agree on options for risk reduction action.

The end product is a consensual community risk assessment and set of risk reduction

actions

In the following situation a CRA will take a minimum of 7 days: 1 Union; 3 ward (old) 4 stakeholder groups (e.g. landless, farmers, women, disabled, adolescents, etc.) a skilled facilitator team a venue that allows for concurrent sessions

Key steps in CRA


Selection of disaster prone districts through a rigorous and consultative process.

Work with District, Upazila/municipalities and Union authorities and I/NGOs to identify Upazila/municipalities, Union/wards and vulnerable communities

Pursue CRA once community is identifies.

Participatory Risk Reduction Action Plans developed based on CRA, which are community led, inclusive, address the most vulnerable and risk sensitive.

Proposals are developed by the community & LGIs.

The proposals are verified based on the priority, the effectiveness of risk reduction and costing.

Technical and approval committee for proper screening of proposals.

Budgeting, shared resources, time line and informing communities.

Implementation, regular monitoring and quality assurance and review.

Documentation of the process and results and communicate those.

KEY DIMENSIONS OF THE CRA & LDRRF


MATRIX USED FOR DISTRICT SELECTION


SELECTED 40 DISTRICTS


PROJECT IDENTIFICATION PROCESS

LDRRF Target: 40 Districts

CDMP I identified 16 & CDMP II added 24 districts based on vulnerability

Projects for LDRRF support must have linkage of CRA/RRAP

Projects under BDT 2.5 million are implemented by UDMC

Projects between BDT 2.5-5 million are implemented by UzDMC

Projects above BDT 5 million are implemented by short-listed NGOs through RFP process

Projects under urban risk reduction are implemented by CC/municipalities

Identifying vulnerable Upazilas

Identifying most

vulnerable Unions

CRA, CRA revisit or

FTRA

Project Proposal

Development (Site Engineers, PIO, Endorsed by UNO)

Technical Review and

Approval

Contracts Signed

Implementation cycle begins


DM Act 2012 provision of national and district level DM Fund

Wide range of social safety net programme potential area to integrate with DRR & CCA

Donor community

Coordination at all levels with I/NGOs, academic institutions, local authorities and communities

Communities living with disasters

Local authorities and communities willing to take leadership role.

The comprehensive approaches on DRR and CCA integrate the local resource , knowledge and address the local need

KEY MOTIVATING FACTORS


Preparedness and mitigation (Structural) Disaster Resilient Habitats Embankment cum road construction/re-

construction Shelter for animals and livestock Plinth raising house, school etc. Protection wall shelter, embankment etc. Canal/re-excavation Provide saline free drinking water (Deep

/Tube well,Rain Water Harvester,

Pond Sand filter, Pond excavation, re-excavation, Reverse osmosis

Brick Flat Soiling (BFS) Herringbone road (HBR) to reach shelter Provide rescue boat Cyclone Shelter re-construction Afforestation Improvement of drainage system Reverse Osmosis Plant Preparedness and mitigation (Non-structural)

Awareness raising community level Capacity strengthening -local level Strengthening community medias - Radios

Non Farm livelihood support Development of contingency, DM Plan

RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS

More than 3 million people in 42 districts, 107 Upazilas, 5 municipalities and 339 Unions are more resilient due to 2,522 (2484 in rural, 38 in urban) structural and non-structural local risk reduction interventions financed by LDRRF.


PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS

Construction of U-Drain Construction of drainage

DRH at Gopalgonj



DRH Honble Minister, MoDMR DRH Gopalgonj

DRH Gazipara DRH Gopalgonj



Rain water harvest

DRH Bainpara DRH Bainpara

Solar powered PSF Water option Pond excavation Water option



Re-excavation of canal Embankment cum road

Cyclone shelter repairing Land raised for flood victims



Water supply through pipeline

Water dispenser Secondary embankment cum road

Killah and tree plantation



Embankment cum road Reverse Osmosis Plant Water option Vegetation at Killah

Homestead gardening at DRH Brick Flat Soiling (BFS) Hygienic Toilet


Community Based Response

49,365 rural community volunteers provides service in CPP programme

Over 26,000 urban community volunteers developed. The urban volunteers proved their crucial value in search and rescue operations during the Rana Plaza disaster in April 2013. 2,438 people were rescued alive from the collapsed building.

59 landslide volunteers are operating in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf areas.

Initiative has been taken to pilot flood volunteers in the most vulnerable districts Sirajgonaj and Gaibandah under Bangladesh Ansar.

Developed and scale up flood volunteer

RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS


Because.

a normal time dilemma leads to reduced vigilance

Committees need to be engaged in practical risk reduction activities in normal time to remain alert

Committees engaged in implementation of schemes under LDRRF are more than twice as functional as committees that are not

But committees need training in design and implementation of risk reduction schemes

and they need institutionalized access to financial resources

DMC Functionality Profile

DM aw areness

Management/administration

Risk reduction

RR scheme implementationEarly w arning

Disaster response

Post-disaster response

LDRRF

Non-LDRRF

Union Disaster Management Committees that are

engaged in LDRRF schemes are much more vibrant


The CRA process found instrumental to ensure the participation of community people, identify the local risk and address the risk from disaster and climate change.

The local community are aware of the current and future risk to be intensified from the climate change.

Risk reduction and adaptation practice and need to be address together for minimizing the risk and to build resilience communities and nations.

The process advocate to build the DM fund at local and national level which is indicated in the DM Act.

Need sharing of result and learning to the national , regional and international level to institutionalize the LDRRF for DRR and CCA in together.

KEY LESSONS


WAY FORWARD Sustainable strategy need to be developed for local financing

through contributory fund arrangement;

Establish linkage between local DRM/ CCA initiatives and development initiatives through mainstreaming;

Design and implement comprehensive DRM/ CCA activities in selected disaster hot spot districts to showcasing the result;

Continue monitor the on-going activities and ensure quality and timely completions;

Support government to institutionalize LDRRF;

Enhance coordination mechanism to scale up the good practices to the regional level

Documentation, archiving and knowledge dissemination to the wider audience and institutions .


Thank you For more information contact:

LDRRF Secretariat

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor)

92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh, Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255 Website: www.cdmp.org.bd

Ph

oto

: O

tin

Dew

an

/CD

MP

towards resilience: community driven drr & cca financing

Documents

disaster management

recovery management

risk analysis

unacceptable risk

comprehensive approach

specific risk interventions

world risk index

phased programme