town and regional planning in malaysia

The Introduction of Town and Country Planning in Malaysia Town and country planning is a subject on the concurrent list in the Federal Constitution, that is a joint responsibility of the Federal and State Governments.

Ministry of Housing and Local Government

The Federal Department State Governments of Town and Country Planning Local Governments

DR ZAHARAH MOHD YUSOFF-UiTM SHAH ALAM

The History of Town Planning in Malaysia The Department of Town Planning was formed in 1921 First Town Planning Officer is Mr. Charles Compton Reade for the federated

Malay states. Responsible for projecting the planning schemes, especially in Kuala

Lumpur, Ipoh and Seremban besides other towns in Selangor, Pahang, Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan and Sabah.

First office located at the Secretariat Building at Jalan Raja Kuala Lumpur.

Vision

To become the centre of excellence for town and country planning services.

To create a quality human living environment in human settlements in Malaysia

that will become an exemplary model for the world. DR ZAHARAH MOHD YUSOFF-UiTM SHAH ALAM

Objectives To plan for the advancement and reinforcement of the physical, social, economic and environmental planning systems so as to ensure the well-being of the people and to raise the living standards in line with the governments objectives, particularly that of the National Development Policy and Vision 2020. To promote and ensure the smooth implementation of the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172) and the Town and Country Planning Act (Act A 933) so that development plans form the basis for the planning and control of all land use and development. To ensure quality of professional expertise and information for the purposes of long term planning. To provide advisory planning services to all Government agencies at the federal, state and local levels.


Function of Federal level: To establish a comprehensive, effective and efficient planning system through Planning legislation, planning methodology, planning research, planning standards and procedures. To translate national socio-economic policies into physical and spatial terms through the formulation of related land use and human settlement policies and programmed. To provide supervision to ensure smooth and organised planning services

To provide in-service training facilities for all categories of technical personnel at all levels of planning services. To provide direct assistance to the state government agencies in the preparation of Development plans including structure and local plans. To prepare, maintain and publish statistics, bulletins and methodology in connection with town and country planning. To provide rural planning services to the Ministry of Rural Development and Department of Aboriginal Affairs, particularly the planning of rural growth centres. DR ZAHARAH MOHD YUSOFF-UiTM SHAH ALAM

Functions of State Level To act as a principal advisor to the State Government on all planning matters

including use and development of land. To control development within the State including approval and supervision of Implementation plans for development. To advise the Local Planning Authorities on town planning use and development of land. To determine broad land use and zoning, and assist in preparing town plans.

To conduct land use surveys and research.

To function as a Secretariat to the State Planning Committee set up under the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172).


Functions of Local Level To plan, regulate and control the use and development of land and buildings within the Local authority area.

To undertake, assist and encourage collection, maintenance and publication of statistics bulletins, monographs and other publications relating to town and country planning and its methodology.

To perform other such functions assigned by the State Authority or the State Planning Committee from time to time. Town Planning Philosophy: Balanced Relationship: Man and His Creator; Man and Man; Man and Environment Total Planning and Development Philosophy: Holistic Approach Man as the Focus of Development Multi-Dimensional Activities Qualitative and Quantitative Changes Equity in the Use and Distribution of Resources.


Development Planning

Alor Setar Project Office (Perlis, Kedah, P.Pinang)

Kuala Lumpur Project Office (Perak, Selangor)

Melaka Project Office (Melaka, Negeri Sembilan,

Johor)

Kuantan Project Office (Kelantan, Terengganu

Pahang)

Structure Planning Unit Coordinates and prepares Structure Plans within the regional framework. The output includes written statement on policies, long and short terms development strategies, accompanied by maps And diagrams as required by Part III Sections 8-11 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172)

Local Planning Unit Coordinates and prepares Local Plans. Output includes detailed plans of the study area drawn to scale. The plans are accompanied by written statements explaining policies and explanation on the development as required by Part III Section 12-16 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172)

Rural Planning Unit Prepares layout plans for Aboriginal Re-groupment Schemes, Traditional Villages and New Villages.

Regional Planning Unit Prepares regional and sub-regional District Development Plans.


What is Land Use Planning ?

It is the systematic approach / process for identifying, classifying and locating urban land, which is

achieved by analyzing the socioeconomic needs of the population in consideration of the physical

and natural attributes of a city / municipality

Land use planning refers to the rational and approach of allocating available land resources to

different land use activities, (e.g. agricultural, residential, industrial) and for different functions

consistent with the overall development vision/goal of a particular locality.

It entails the detailed process of determining the location and area of land required for the

implementation of social and economic development, policies, plans, programs and projects.

It is based on consideration of physical planning standards, development vision, goals and

objective, analysis of actual and potential physical conditions of land and development constraints

and opportunities.


What is a Land Use Plan?

An essential component of the comprehensive development plan, it

designated the future use or reuse of the land and the structure built upon the

land within a given jurisdictions planning area and the policies and reasoning

used in arriving at the decisions in the plan

It projects public and private land uses in accordance with the planned spatial

organization of economic and social activities and the traffic of goods and

people


Objectives of Land Use Planning

1. To promote the efficient utilization, acquisition and disposition of land as a limited resources;

2. To make sure there is enough space for our future generations to use and enjoy while

addressing the needs of the present times

3. To influence, direct and harmonize decisions and activities of the public and the private sectors

affecting the use, management and disposition of lands;

4. Promote desirable and efficient patterns of land uses and prevent premature and wasteful

development and minimize the cost of public facilities, services and infrastructure;

5. Protect and preserve valuable agricultural areas consistent with the need to promote

industrialization;

6. Maintain ecological balance through Control of development in critical areas such as flood

plains and watershed areas;

7. Integrate programs and projects on land resources development among land development

agencies;

8. Promote and implement a shelter plan through Identification of sites suitable for housing; and

9. Promote an efficient circulation system


Classification of Land Use Planning:

General Land Use Planning:

It deals primarily with the nonurban large scale uses such as: croplands, forests, pasture lands,

mining/quarrying areas and swamplands, with areas occupied by structures treated collectively as built up areas

Urban Land Use Planning:

It is concerned with the location, intensity and amount of land development required for the various

space using functions such as residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, recreation and other

activities found in the urban areas.

Land Use:

1) General Land use:

Four Major Categories:

Built-up

Agriculture

Forest

Special use


2 )Urban Land uses:

Residential

Amount of land depends on the of which new households are formed and on immigration

Commercial

Category includes all types of wholesale, retail and service activities serving areas larger

than neighborhoods.

Included in this category are:

Major Central Business Districts in urbanized areas Minor Central Business District in less urbanized areas Highway Service Centers or Commercial Strips such as highway gas stations, traveler's inn and restaurants

Industrial

It includes manufacturing, refining, fabricating, assembly, storage, parking and other

incidental uses including food processing, cottage industry, sawmills, rice mills, steel mills,

chemical processing plants, etc

Also included are the proposed industrial estates/subdivision


Institutional

covers the major public and semipublic uses like educational, cultural, religious, health,

protective and government services

Parks/playgrounds

so called non-functional open spaces and includes lands reserved for greenbelts and buffer zones; and other vacant lands reserved for specific or functional purposes

Parks/Playgrounds and other Recreational Areas the space requirement may be computed with

the use of space standards based on population or area of the municipality or city

Infrastructure/utilities and others


Factors for Site Selection of Residential buildings

There are many factors which must be taken into account while selecting a site for a commercial and

residential buildings. Some of these factors are given below.

1. Shape of the plot:

Geometry of the plot for any kind of construction is very important which can largely effect the

appearance of your structure. Shape of the plot should be such that the construction can be easily

made with cost low as possible. And also in the future you can further expand it. A plot with more

routes will be considered a good one.

2. Location of the plot:

The surround area of the residential plot is very important. It effects the price and the beauty of the

plot. Plot should be taken in the area provided with a lot of services. And in a suitable environment free

from all kind of pollutions. Efforts should be make to buy it near to main road. Because such plots are

more valuable as compared to the plots situated away from the main road.


3. Availability of Amenities:

Plot for a residential building should be taken in the area provided with much number of

amenities. Such as electricity, Telephone, Fax, Internet, Gas, School, Colleges, University etc.

and the most important is the good and fast transport system. so that communication become

more fast and quick.

4. Water table:

The water table at the site of residential building should not be very high. otherwise it will effect

the quality of water which are used for drinking and domestic purposes. A plot with normal water

table will be more preferred as compared with other plots having high

water table.

5. Sewerage System:

There should be proper sewerage system at the site of residential plots. So that the extra water

of houses can easily be drawn out especially in rains and floods. if in case there is no sewerage

system the dirty water effect the building and as well the occupants as well.


FUNCTIONS OF DIVISIONS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF TOWN & COUNTRY PLANNING MAIN FUNCTION OF THE MANAGEMENT DIVISION It concerns:

1. General Administration

2. Services and nomination

3. Finances and Store Management

FUNCTION OF THE SECRETARIAL, COORDINATION AND CORPORATE PLANNING DIVISION Act as the National Physical Planning Council secretary at;

1. Compile and ensure the execution of the Departments Strategic Management Policy;

2. Plan and administrate the departments Development Program under Malaysias Five-Year-Plan;

3. Execute secretarial duties for main meetings;

4. Execute the duties of Information Sharing, Publicity and Public Relations; and

5. Administer the nomination of consultants.


FUNCTION OF THE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DIVISION Continually increase the quality of Urban & Rural Planning services through research study and subsequently producing reference documentation such as Benchmarks, Guidelines and Planning Advice for planning and development of urban & rural areas.

MAIN FUNCTION OF THE LEGAL, PLANNING AND REGULATORY DIVISION Advisory and consultancy services concerning urban & rural planning.

Update legal aspect regulatory systems through checks and formulation of Acts, Methods, Implementation Guidelines, Manuals, Encyclopedias, Monographs and publications on town & country planning.

Consideration & monitoring of rational interest in planning exercise.

Enhance the effective ness of delivery system in PBPT concerning urban & rural planning practices.


FUNCTION OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIVISION 1. Planning, managing, administrating information system and maintenance of database.

2. Develop, control and oversee the information technology functions of the whole department.

3. Plan, manage and maintain computer system networks, hardware and software.

4. Prepare specialized input for Information Technology and Communication concerning urban and rural planning.

FUNCTION OF THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL PLAN DIVISION 1. Summarize strategic & integrated land use framework through preparation, monitoring,

implementation as well as revision of the National Physical Plan, National Urbanisation Policy, Integrated Land Development and National Planning Policy.

2. To prepare and monitor the implementation and review the National Physical Plan (NPP) and National Urbanization Policy (NUP);

3. To manage the information system of NPP, NUP and LR and to design related application modules;

4. To formulate policy and program; as well as to prepare studies related to the implementation of Land Readjustment Projects(LR);

5. To give input in the formulation of policies and respond to global and international agenda;

6. To give input when addressing strategic issues; and

7. To prepare the National Rural Planning Policy (RPP)


FUNCTION OF THE REGIONAL PLANNING DIVISION 1. Execute secretarial tasks for the Regional Planning Committee.

2. Prepare comprehensive regional planning.

3. Execute tasks involving planning and overseeing the developments of Cyberjaya, National Administration Center Sarawak and Island Development Research.

4. Tasks of the Regional Planning Committee based on sub-section 6A(5) Act 172.

5. Advice and assist the State Planning Committee and Local Planning Authorities within the concerned region in line with the national policy.

6. Create comprehensive policies and frameworks for regional planning to drive and administer the development of the region.

7. Plan and administer the preparation of infrastructure and facilities for the region.

8. Create processes and consistent code-of-conduct for the use of the Federal Government and State Government as well as the Local Authorities within the region.

9. Monitor the execution of benchmarks, guidelines and codes-of-conduct in facilitating the development of the region.

10. Conduct necessary research for the planning of the region.


FUNCTION OF THE PROJECT ADMINISTRATION OFFICE The Project Administration Office is responsible for planning, controlling, administrating and oversee physical & financial progress of development plans preparation.

FUNCTION OF NATIONAL LAND USE INFORMATION DIVISION (NLiD)

1. To manage and coordinate database. Manage data collection, verify, standardise, storage and sharing geospatial data

2. To manage and coordinate data sharing between all divisions and project offices

3. To manage data applications from government agencies and private sectors


FUNCTION OF SOUTH REGION DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DIVISION

1. To plan and execute program in the Development Plans in order for the South Region Development Planning Division which includes studies such as States Structure Plan, Local Plan, Local District Plan and Special Specific Area Plan.

2. To manage the physical progress, its financial and the quality input from the consultant, including the secondary and technical support.

3. To developed program lists and make the cost budget estimation for Development Plan studies for the five years Malaysian Plan

4. To execute the improvisation of skills in aspects of planning and the management professionalism including also in ICT and e-government sector.

5. To plan and execute all the improvisation in quality programs and also in upgrading the procedures of Manual of Local Plans and the Evaluation Program.

6. To develop and upgrade the planning information system for the relevant zone via the proper preparation of Development Plans.

7. To provide advise and expertise services in the development studies being carried out by other agencies which involved other areas within the relevant zone.

8. To manage and coordinate the administration matters under the Development Planning Division for that particular zone.

9. To manage any customer complaints and general aspects which are related to the southern regional town and country planning for the south zone.

10. To get involved together in the committee member at the federal and state level in giving planning services among numerous agencies involved.


FUNCTION OF NORTHERN REGION DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DIVISION 1. To prepare and implement development project studies undertaken including statutory plans, non

statutory plans for states in northern zone (Penang, Kedah and Perlis) State Structural Plans, District Local plans and special action area plan and rural plan incorporating physical, financial and input from consultant / professional and technical services. Development Budget (p43) for Malaysia 5-year Plan, Mid-term studies and annual project budget.

2. To create an update planning information system for Northern Planning Zone by development plan studies.

implement programme for the staff to upgrade themselves at managerial levels especially in IT and e-government

plan and implement programme towards enhancing quality and procedures including the preparation of guidelines and manual for Action Area Plan and Publicity and Public Participation

3. To manage and monitor the administration of Northern Zone Project office

Administrative budget (B43) for quality administrative activities , procedures, human resources training and assets

offer advice / professional services in physical studies to agencies associated with the northern office

4. To responds to feedbacks and complaints from clients regarding services given by the staff.


Thank you


town and regional planning in malaysia

Documents

planning legislation

planning matters

planning schemes

department of town planning

history of town planning

town planning officer

country planning services

rural planning services