TRACTION PRODUCTS

MOHAMED SABITH KT M110212EE

Locomotive Designation

Based On Input Energy SourceSteam Locomotives

Diesel Locomotives

- Diesel Hydraulic

- Diesel Electric

Electric Locomotives

- AC

- DC

Anatomy Of Electric Locomotive

Bogie Traction TransformerTraction Converter

Vehicle Control Electronics

Bogie

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Powered Axle

Contemporary Propulsion System

AC Drive Implementation - Locomotive

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3 Ø IM~

3 Ø IM~

4Q Control Front End

Near Unity Power FactorHarmonic Reduction on Line Current….Staggered Pulsing

Between Converters, Between Bogies, Between Locos, Between Trains

25 kV, 50 Hz, 1Ø

DC Link

3 Ø Inverter

Converter Controls – Overview

Converter & Vehicle Control Electronics

Converter Electronics

Vehicle Control Electronics

GTO Based Traction Converter

ADVANTAGES OF 3 PHASE AC DRIVE TECHNOLOGY :

• 3 Phase technology uses GTO Thyristors / IGBTs and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques on the Converter as well as the Inverter side with digital controls for driving 3 Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor.

• 3 Phase technology has the advantage to work at Unity Power Factor and draws sinusoidal current from the catenary.

• Use of regenerative braking results in energy saving upto 30%, giving fast payback.

• Use of Squirrel cage Induction Motors results in virtually no maintenance as compared to conventional DC Drive systems.

Regenerative Braking

Pneumatic braking

Electric braking has fast response-no air requirement

Fast to act

Fast to release

No wear of brake components-higher life of components

Braking energy is not wasted but back to the grid

Measurements show savings range between 12-30%

CONTD….

At an average cost of electricity a 3-Phase loco will produce electricity worth Rs 7.33 Crore in its service life.

Taking the present cost of 3-Phase loco as Rs 13 Cr, the loco pays back more than half of its cost by regeneration only

These are self debt-servicing locomotives

Locomotives with BHEL equipments

Passenger Loco

Freight Loco

WAP 5

WAP 7

WAG 9

AC EMU

Crux – Present System

Limitation with GTO based system

• Requires large gate drivers and snubber circuits, hence higher losses

• Obsolescence of power device GTO and electronic components

• Proprietary ASIC’s and Hybrid circuits

• Platform dependant control architecture, RTOS and software tools

• Proprietary protocol, inability to configure third party hardware & software

Future Trend

IGBT Based

• 3 Phase AC Electrics for 7000 HP Loco

• 3 Phase 6000 HP AC Loco

• 3 X 130KVA Auxiliary converter for 6000HP loco

• 500KVA Hotel load Inverter

FPGA

Customer’s Profile

• Railway Board -> Initiate development projects for AC EMU/LOCO tender.

• RDSO -> Nodal agency for all technical approvals

• CLW -> Manufacturing of AC Locomotives Invites tender for 6000 HP Converter/ Inverter Systems

• DLW -> Manufacturing of Diesel locomotives Invites tender for 4500 HP Converter/ Inverter Systems

• ICF Chennai -> Manufacturing of AC EMU/DEMU equipment (1600 HP)