traditional water systems of saudi arabia: jeddah as an example
TRANSCRIPT
Traditional Water Systems of Saudi Arabia: Jeddah as an Example
Prof. Hisham MortadaDept. of ArchitectureKing Abdul Aziz Univeristy, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Latina, Italy18 June, 2016
Traditional Architecture of Saudi Arabia
• Eastern Province
Regions
• Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain
• Najd
• South-western Heights & Najran
1. Najd
Dari’ah
Riyadh
Environmental Conditions
Temperature
Rainfall
Dari’ah
Integrated Compact Urban Form
Building Materials
Dari’ah
Dari’ah
Inwardness
courtyard
Dari’ah
Nasir Palace
QatifHafouf
2. Eastern Province (Hassa)
Eastern Province (Hassa)
Qatif
Qatif, 1955
Qatif
Urban Fabric
Hafouf
City Urban Form & Wall
Kut
3. South-Western Highlands & Najran
Albaha
Asir
Najran
Jazan
Al-Baha
Asir
Topography
Asir
Topography
Asir
Stone Buildings Mud Buildings
Asir
Stone village Mud village
Asir
Stone Buildings
Asir
Color for Distinction
Asir
Color for Distinction
Asir
Color for Distinction
Asir
Color for Distinction
Asir
Color for Distinction
Jazan
Osha buildings: Gizan city
Najran
Dwelling Height
Najran
4. Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain
MedinaMecca
Al-’Ula
Taif
Inland Cities:
Mecca
Traditional Architecture of Mecca
Traditional Architecture of Mecca
Medina
Medina
Houses
Al-‘Ula
Urban Fabric
Al-‘Ula
Urban Fabric
4. Read Sea Coast & Tihama Plain
JeddahYanbu
DubaAl-Wajh
Umluj
• Costal Cities:
Yanbu
Building Materials: limestone, coral reef and wood
Umluj
Simple low rise buildings
Duba
Coral reef Dwellings
Al-Wajh
Façades and Materials
Jeddah
Jeddah: Architectural Diversity Throughout Time
In 1183, Ibn Jubair: Jeddah is a small fishermen village by the Red Sea. Most of its houses are huts of palm tree leafs.
In 1503 (Mamluki era), Ludovico di Varthema, described houses of Jeddah as beautiful.
Jeddah: Architectural Diversity Throughout Time
1940s, City Wall
Jeddah: Architectural Diversity Throughout Time
City Gates: Mecca Gate, 1930
Jeddah
Architectural Diversity Throughout Time
Urban Fabric
Jeddah
Urban Fabric
Jeddah
Dwellings
Jeddah
Coral Reefs
Jeddah
Woodwork: Rowshans & Mashrabias
Jeddah
Woodwork: Rowshans & Mashrabias
Jeddah
The Cube
Design Determination Factors
Openings for natural light and ventilation
Design Determination Factors
Orientation
Design Determination Factors
Blocking for privacy
Design Determination Factors
The Result: Climatic (ventilation + lighting) + Social (privacy) factors
Design Determination Factors
Spatial Distribution and Use
Spatial Distribution and Use
Space daily use pattern
Architectural Elements• Rowshan: It is a 60-90 cm projected wooden skeleton covered with decorative
wooden panels and screens. It covers the entire elevation of the upper floors.
Architectural Elements• Rowshan, Functions:
a. Maintenance of the privacy of indoor spaces
Water System: City Scale
Two Major Bazans/Water Springs
Water System: City Scale
Ein Yousor (Yousor Spring)
Water System: City Scale
Ein Yousor (Yousor Spring) (2009, HarvestingRainwater.com)
Water System: City Scale
Carrying Water from Bazan: Donky Method
Water System: City Scale
Carrying Water from Bazan: Donky Method
Carrying Water from Bazan: Donky Method
Water System: City Scale
Carrying Water from Bazan: Saqa Method
Water System: City Scale
Carrying Water from Bazan: Saqa Method
Water System: City Scale
Water System: City Scale
Carrying Water from Bazan: Saqa Method
Water Sources:Rain water from roofsSprings (2, north and south districts, Yosor Spring) directly to housesBazan (carried by water carriers Saga or donkeys)
Water System: Building Scale
Water System: Building Scale
Domestic Cistern
Water System: Building Scale
Wall Water Tanks
Water System: Building Scale
Zeer
Water System: Building Scale
Sherab
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