training workshop on plant...

Training Workshopon

Plant Health

21st October 2011

Harry ARIJS

EU strategy against the introduction of new pests

EU Plant Health Regime

Principles

Legal framework

Definitions- objectives - scope

Import

Internal trade

Emergency measures

Derogations

New challenges

Conclusions

EU Plant Health Regime - Principles

• Objectives:

Harmonized phytosanitary policy for 27 Member States

to prevent the introduction into the EU of pests and diseases harmful to plants and plant products

to prevent their spread within the EU

to facilitate internal trade of plant and plant products


• Scope:

organisms injurious to plants and plant products

traditionally focussing on agriculture +horticulture ;

extension to natural environment

• Legal basis: original text from 1977

The provisions are based on:

• FAO International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC):

• List of regulated organisms• List of phytosanitary measures• Confidence in NPPOs and phytosanitary

certificates


• WTO/SPS principles:

• transparency of phyto measures• technical justification of phyto measures

assessment of risk (PRA)• adaptation to regional considerations

including Pest Free Areas, etc.

• one Internal market between all Member States since 1993 (now 27 countries)


EU law

Council Directive 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000

on protective measures against the introduction

into the Community of organisms harmful to

plants or plant products and against their spread

within the Community

EU Plant Health Regime – Legislative framework

• Harmful organisms

= listed non-specific and specific organisms whose introduction and spread are officially and actively banned or controlled within EU

= measures can be applied also to non-listed harmful organisms in case of emergency

EU Plant Health Regime – Directive 2000/29/EC

• Plants= living plants and specified living parts thereof,

including seeds, fruit,vegetables, cut flowers, …

• Plant products= products of plant origin, unprocessed or after

simple preparation


• Annexes laying down details

• I :non-specific harmful organisms

• II : specific harmful organisms

• III : commodities prohibited

• IV : specific requirements

• V : regulated commodities


• 250 regulated harmful organisms absent from EU or, if present, controlled

• Protected zones for certain organisms which are widespread in rest of EU

• Legislation constantly adapted to the plant health developments at international level and to the evolution of the EU Plant Health status New threats to be notified and measures taken

• At import• Within EU territory


Member States shall ban the introduction into and spread within their territory of

– 135 harmful organisms

– 82 harmful organisms when found on specific host plants /products

– 26 harmful organisms from protected zones

– x harmful organisms under emergency measures


Commodities regulated for import in EU

– all plants for planting, except seeds– some seeds– some fruits/veg (to be further detailed)– some cut flowers: Rosa L, Aster, Lisianthus,

Eryngium, Hypericum andTrachelium from outside Europe

– potato tubers– some wood/bark from specified countries

(coniferous!)– some grains from 9 countries– soil and growing medium, isolated or attached to

plants


Example: Potato brown rot (Ralstonia solanacearum)

• On potato + other solanaceous plants (tomato,aubergine…)

• Outbreaks in several Member States since 1989• Annually monitoring in EU: +/_ 100 000 samples

analysed from own production• EU control directive since 1998

Example: Citrus black spot (Guignardia citricarpa)

• Causing spots, early fruit drop, costly chemical treatments on citrus trees and fruit

• Not present in EU• No import of citrus trees // citrus fruit import only from free countries – free areas – controlled free production places• EU emergency measures in place against Brazil since 2006

Example: Pine wood nematode(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

• on coniferales, detected in PT in 1999• very strict EU emergency measures since 2000 • for EU: if PWN widespread: 50-90% mortalityestimated for 15% of all EU coniferous forests

regulated fruits/vegetables at import:

• Citrus L., Fortunella Swingle (kumquat), Poncirus Raf., and their hybrids,

• Momordica L. (balsam pear / bitter cucumber)• Solanum melongena L. (eggplant/aubergine)• Malus Mill. (apple), Pyrus L. (pear), Prunus L. (plum)• Annona L. (pond-apple), Cydonia Mill. (quince),• Diospyros L. (kaki), Mangifera L. (mango), • Passiflora L.(passionfruit), Psidium L. (guava), Ribes

L.(currant), Syzygium Gaertn.• Vaccinium L. (blueberry), originating in non-European.• Vitis L. (table grape), when imported into Cyprus


regulated fruits/vegetables at import:

Apium graveolens L (celery)

Ocimum L (e.g.sweet basil)


Prohibited commodities:

limited list of 19 plant species / tubers / isolated bark from specific origins

Example: ware potatoes from the majority of non-EU countries

NO prohibitions for fresh fruits & vegetables


Member States shall ban the introduction into their territory of regulated commodities unless the relevant special requirements indicated in Annex IV-A are met.


Phytosanitary certificate

• All regulated commodities must be accompanied by a PC at import

• In certain cases PC shall specify, under « Additional declaration », reference to that special requirement out of those listed in Annex IV that has been complied with

EU Plant Health Regime – Import

Import inspection

• Import from third country shall be subject to supervision by customs and responsible official body until conclusion that all requirements are respected


Import inspection

Commodities are customs cleared after:


Example: requirements for Citrus fruits

- Accompanied by PC, with additional declaration

- free from all regulated harmful organisms

- free from peduncules and leaves,

- packaging shall bear an appropriate origin mark,

- specific requirements for Xanthomonas campestris (citrus canker) , Cercospora angolensis (citrus leaf spot), Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) and non-European Tephritidae.


Example: requirements for apples

- PC

- free from regulated HO

- no special requirements, no AD

Example: requirements for kiwi fruits

- none


Inspection frequency

• Normal regime: 100% inspection of consignments with regulated products

• For fruit/vegetables, wood and cut flowers: % of consignments for inspection can be reduced

– import data,

– interception records, and

– estimated mobility of the harmful organism.


• If 1 % or more of the consignments intercepted: commodity not eligible for reduced frequency

• Regime updated every year and in emergency cases.

• No reduced frequency for plants for planting and import under emergency measures

• Request to apply reduced frequency introduced by Member State


Since 2005, all WOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL has to be compliant with IPPC international standard “ISPM 15” - i.e. must be heat treated or fumigated

for

– material at import from third countries

– coniferous material coming from Portugal

XX - 000YY


• Movements between 27 Member States:

– Where 250 regulated harmful organisms absent or, if present, controlled

– Protected zones for certain organisms which are widespread in rest of EU

EU Plant Health Regime – Internal market

– Use of PLANT PASSPORT for movements of regulated material within EU for:

• some plants

• limited number of plant products (no fruit or vegs)

• Registration of operators (growers, importers..)

• occasional inspections during trade


– NPPOs organise surveillance campaigns

– new threats to be notified and measures taken

– outbreaks to be eradicated or, if not possible, contained

– EU co-financing for eradication activities


Protected zones for 26 specific harmful organisms :

• special status for areas within the EU with extra protection against a HO that is present in other parts of EU

• extra import requirements linked to movement / import of specified commodities into the PZ

• similar to “PFA”


• rapid and temporary reinforcement of the protection against sudden phytosanitary threats of import and/or outbreaks within EU

• Currently: against Bursaphelenchus xylophylus/ Diabrotica virgifera / Dryocosmus kuriphylus / Phytophthora ramorum / Rhynchophorus ferrugineus / Gibberella circinata / PMV / PSTVd / Anoplophora chinensis

with extra phytosanitary requirements for import and/or internal movements

EU Plant Health Regime – Emergency measures

Derogations from existing import requirementspossible under specific conditions

- on request of third country or Member State- supported by full technical / scientific dossier- after analysis by EFSA and Standing Committee

EU Plant Health Regime – Derogations

Phytosanitary threats linked to trade:

• country of origin• type of commodity• volume of the trade

EU Plant Health Regime – phytosanitary threats

Import interceptions 2010

In total : 6956

For presence of HO: 1793

Fruit&vegatables: 1173Planting material: 273Cut flowers: 172WPM: 119Wood: 38


• System audits on the compliance of the local plant health system are regularly carried out by EU inspectors of the Food and Veterinary Office

– in Member States

– in third countries


• Safeguard increased food production/ bio-energy needs

• Safeguard the environment and biodiversity

• Increased burden by climate change

• Increased burden by intensified global trade in plants/products

• Increased burden by a larger, thus more diverse EU territory

> Therefore REVISION PROCESS IS ON-GOING

EU Plant Health Regime – new challenges

Conclusion

The EU Plant Health Regime is

IPPC and WTO-SPS compliant

transparant

flexible

providing basis for effective import and internal movement control of regulated harmful organisms

under permanent revision to address new challenges

Towards a Plant Health Strategy in the EU…

…WHERE PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN THE CURE

See EC plant health webpage

http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/strategy/index_en.htm

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