transitioning from ntsc to sdi digital video copyright its 2013 sheet 1 19360 business center drive...

Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 1

19360 Business Center DriveNorthridge, CA 91324www.ITSamerica.com

October 24,2013

Transitioning from NTSC (analog)

to HD Digital Video Volume 2


A Review

October 24,2013


Translating between Analog NTSC & SD/HD-SDI

At the SDI source At the end of a 100 meter cable

Composite Analog Video

1.53.0 GB/Sec Bit Stream

6 MHz Bandwidth


Translating between Analog & SD/HD-SDI

4

Attribute Analog Video SDI Digital Video

Raw Video Complex AM, FM and phase modulated signal requiring 6 MHz bandwidth

Serial encoded bit stream at bit rates from 270 Mbits/s to 3000 Mbits/sec

Sync Pedestal and color burst sync areas scaled generally below the black level

A reserved bit patterns (SAV & EAV) defined by SMPTE in the SDI stream

Blanking A predetermined voltage level in the video signal

ANC space between EAV & SAV is Horizontal “blanking” data space, ANC space between SAV and EAV from first line to line 40 (1080) or 25 (720) is Vertical “blanking” data space.

Active Video

An AM signal with overlaid phase modulated color information 480 scan lines/frame

A stream of image samples between SAV & EAV from 640 (SD) to 1920 (1080) and scan lines from 480(SD) to 1080 (1080)

Frame/Field Rate

RS 170 60Hz /30 Hz Field/Frame RS170A (NTSC) 59.94 (60/1.001)CCIR 50Hz /25Hz field/frameProgressive and Interlaced

Many from 24.975 to 60 Hz and beyondProgressive and Interlaced


Digital Video Resolution

October 24,2013

2 bits = 4 colors

4 bits = 16 colors

8 bits = 256 colors

24 bits = 16 million colors

Pictures from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_depth

Resolution is 3-Dimensional

• Horizontal Lines per Frame• Pixels per Line• Bits per Pixel (pixel depth)

Pixel count is constant

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/1_bit.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:8_bit.png

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Truecolor.png


HD Video Issues

Raw Video = high bit rates 720p/60, 1080i/30, 1080p/30 = 1.485 gigabits /sec 1080p/60 = 2.97 gigabits/sec

Transport Raw video high bit rates limits transport distances

• Via Coax < 200 meters• Via Fiber < 30Km

Raw Video = lots of data One 1080 frame = 2,475,000 pixels One pixel = 20 bits (4:2:2 subsampling) or 24 bits RGB One 1080 frame = 6,187,500 to 7,425,000 bytes of data 1080p/60 = 371,250,000 to 445,500,000 bytes/second

Subsampling reduces bytes/frame 4:2:2 subsampling saves ≈ 16%

• Similar in concept to analog

October 24,2013


Raw HD Video = High Bit Rates

Compression Reduces Bit Rate

• MPEG 2 20:1 to 30:1 (1080p > 18,562,500 to 12,375,000 bytes/sec)

• H.264 30:1 to 100:1 (1080p > 12,375,000 to 3,712,500 bytes/sec)

• JPEG 2000 10:1 to 30:1 (1080p > 37,125,000 to 18,562,500 bytes/sec)

Extends transport distances• H.264 enables broadcast of HD-SDI over GigE networks.

Compromises image quality • Loss of background detail• frame drops• freeze frames• pixelization

Introduces Latency • 70 ms > several seconds

Splits data space from videoOctober 24,2013


HD Video Data Spaces

October 24,2013

Volume 2 Focus


Analog Video Data Spaces

October 24,2013

Edge Encoding (non-broadcast)Steals a bit of each video scan line

Supports 1 bits/line60 bytes per frame

Vertical Blanking SpaceA few lines above the visible image

Contains• VITC• Closed Captioning • Teletext• Billing data • Copy protection & V-chip data• ≈240 bytes per frame


HD-SDI Frame (720p) & Metadata Space

720p Video

VANC Space 25 Lines * 1280 samplesCinema & broadcast generally only use lines 14-15 for scene switch & closed captioning

HANC Space370 Samples x 750

>3000 data itemsExample Packets• 16 channel

audio snippets• Film Codes• Payload data• Workflow data• Copyright data• V-chip data• Billing data• Logging Info

Buffer Space Lines 746-750

EAV

SAV

Line

Cou

nt

CRC

HANCHANC

EAV

1280 luma samples1280 luma samples


October 24,2013


HD-SDI Frame (1080i/p) & Metadata Space

1080i/1080pVANC Space 40 Lines * 1920 samples

Cinema & broadcast generally only use lines 14-15 for scene switch & closed captioning

HANC)Space 280 samp * 1125

>3000 data itemsExample Packets• 16 channel

audio snippets• Film Codes• Payload data• Workflow data• Copyright data• V-chip data• Billing data• Logging Info

Buffer Space Lines 1121-1125

EAV

SAV

Line

Cou

nt

CRC

HANCHANC

EAV



October 24,2013


Metadata Packets

Many Types Defined by SMPTE Dictionary

• Keys• Data content• Format• Metadata Elements Dictionary

RP210 Version 13 of this registry contains more than 3200 data types.

SMPTE KLV Pack= Defined Structure Ancillary Packet K=key (16 byte word) L=length (1 byte) V=(1-235 bytes of data); any data HANC KLV Pack; Type 01 VANC KLV Pack; Type 02

October 24,2013


HD-SDI KLV Type 02 VANC Packets

VANC -KLV Pack is a SMPTE Structure SMPTE Standard 291M

• Wrappers (ADF signature bytes)• KLV Type identifiers (DID and SSID)

VANC = Type 02• Length (DC)

SMPTE RP210 defines >3000 keys

MISB uses the Type 02 KLV Ancillary Data Packet More than 900 keys

• Most derived from UAV needs• Groups of variables

Pointing angles, gimbal angles, velocities may be all one chain of data

Dictionary is MISB Standard 0807.10• See http://www.gwg.nga.mil/misb/stdpubs.html

Microsecond Timestamp is one particular MISB Dictionary Item

October 24,2013


KLV = Game Change

KLV Value = Memory Space Binary Data ASCII Characters Integers, signed and unsigned Single Precision Double precision Any other meaning of binary data

HD Data Rate 1000x Analog offered < 2,000 bytes/sec HD offers up to data rate = 1,776,600 bytes/sec

• @ 60 FPS * 235 bytes = 14,100 bytes/second data rate capacity per KLV packet

• One line can hold 3-7 packets• 1080p has ≈ 18 lines free• Data rate = 18*7*14100 = 1,776,600 bytes/sec

October 24,2013


KLV = Game Change

KLV as transport @ 14Kb/sec each pack can move data point to point along

with video• Could be video related• Could be unrelated information• Could be cipher (secure)

Can have multiple unrelated data streams (one in each KLV pack)

KLV Bound to Video Video related data

• Pointing angles• Camera/Lens settings• Situational Awareness

Frame-to-Frame correspondence is exact & permanentRecord Clean Video

Embed data traditionally on overlay in KLV, once per frame Display what is needed, when needed, where on the frame

and in a useful colorOctober 24,2013


KLV = Game Change

How many KLV packs are needed? Example: ITS Proposed “Instrumentation Pack”

• 41 data items Pointing Angles up to 24 bit resolution Ranges as SP values of ±9.999999E±16 64 bit time stamps Five 10 ASCII character fields

• 170 Bytes TOTAL! All of this data fits in a single KLV pack

ITS has developed Multi-KLV Pack Engine 2 KLV packs available as memory space

• 470 bytes to hold information User can invoke 1, 2 or none dynamically User can extract “V” on command User can monitor during write User can display at destination

October 24,2013

Test IDDAS TimeGeodetic Datum Run NumberClassificationTempPressurehumiditywind speeddirectionMount IDCamera IDCamera placementH resolutionV ResoluitonImage bit depth EncodingImage mode Integration time Trigger timeTime offsetTimestamp modeFrame RateLens ID Zoom factor UnitsFocus settingazimuthelevation

Range Range timestamp Object(target) IDTsens AZTsens ELTsens RangeTxTyTzTspeedT-HeadingTtemp

Test IDDAS TimeGeodetic Datum Run NumberClassificationTempPressurehumiditywind speeddirectionMount IDCamera IDCamera placementH resolutionV ResoluitonImage bit depth EncodingImage mode Integration time Trigger timeTime offsetTimestamp modeFrame RateLens ID Zoom factor UnitsFocus settingazimuthelevation Mount angles timestamp Range Range timestamp Object(target) IDTsens AZTsens ELTsens RangeTxTyTzTspeedT-HeadingTtemp

Test IDDAS TimeGeodetic Datum Run NumberClassificationTempPressurehumiditywind speeddirectionMount IDCamera IDCamera placementH resolutionV ResoluitonImage bit depth EncodingImage mode Integration time Trigger timeTime offsetTimestamp modeFrame RateLens ID Zoom factor UnitsFocus settingazimuthelevation

Range Range timestamp Object(target) IDTsens AZTsens ELTsens RangeTxTyTzTspeedT-HeadingTtemp


Line 9

V2.0 ITS HD-SDI Insertion EngineSA

V Pack 0Microsecond Timestamp

Can turn offFixed MISB FormatAlways first pack

Option Pack 1Data block

Can turn on or offCan be any data from 1-235 bytesBasic decoder ;

ASCII, Integer, decimal

Option Pack 2Data block

Can turn on or offCan be any data from 1-235 bytesBasic decoder ;

ASCII, Integer, decimal

October 24,2013


ITS KLV Tool Kit

Use a MISB key or Create with the ITS KeyTemplate© Excel worksheet Export design to ‘CSV’ Distribute design to all stakeholders

October 24,2013

K ey (HE X ) 0 O KL eng th (B ytes ) 200F ield C ount 45

57414A19360A00017F 44A0904F 013AABE s t. D is play P roces s T ime

Build a 16 byte key

F ield R ef NameF ield

NumberS tart B yte

P ad F ormatInput L E N

L en R ang e

T es t ID 1 1 0 AS C II 10 1-234D AS T ime 2 11 0 B inary 8 1-225Geodetic D atum 3 19 0 B inary 1 1-217R un Number 4 20 0 B inary 1 1-216C las s ification 5 21 0 AS C II 10 1-215T emp 6 31 0 UI-MAX 2 1-4P res s ure 7 33 0 UI-MAX 2 1-4humidity 8 35 0 UI-MAX 1 1-4wind s peed 9 36 0 UI-MAX 1 1-4direction 10 37 0 UI-W Z 2 1-4

Create Fields & Assign Data Types

ResolutionTime

Budget (uS)

Qualified Length

Plan to Show

100 10 Y20 8 Y20 1 Y20 1 Y

100 10 Y.002 500 2 N.00 500 2 N.4 500 1 N.8 500 1 N

Field Ref NameField

NumberStart Byte

Pad Before

This ByteFormat Input LEN

Len Range

Full Scale Value

Decimal Places

Display Model

Focus setting 27 87 0 UI-MAX 2 1-4 1024 0 1024.azimuth 28 89 0 UI-MAX 3 1-4 360 8 359.99997854elevation 29 93 1 SI-MAX 3 1-4 180 8 +/-179.99997854

Choose how fields would be displayed

Plan what fields would be displayed


Insert GUI imports ‘CSV’

• Prepares List of Fields User selects what fields to display Selects row/column locations

GUI forms complete commands to • Load “decoder ring”• Set display locations

Input your data via Ethernet port Transport data via SDI video stream

ITS KLV Tool Kit

October 24,2013

Your Data

CSV of KLV

design

SDI Video w/KLV Data


Display GUI imports ‘CSV’

• Prepares List of Fields User selects what fields to display Selects row/column locations

GUI forms complete commands to • Load “decoder ring”• Set display locations

Select Fields to Display and Where May monitor at write time, display at destination

ITS KLV Tool Kit

October 24,2013

Your Data

CSV of KLV

design

SD

I V

ideo

w/K

LV

Data


Test Your Design Test GUI imports ‘CSV’

• Prepares an input form • Input test data• Set repetition rate• Start test

View decoded data in overlay

ITS KLV Tool Kit

October 24,2013

CSV of KLV

design


Check List

KLV packs in SDI are a game changer KLV Packs can

• Transport data• Move cipher blocks• Enable recording of clean video• Maintain alignment of imagery and data

Video Encoders/Decoders Must Preserve VANC end-to-end SDI Recorders must

• Preserve VANC at record time• Restore VANC at playback time

Video Archiving must preserve VANC ITS toolkit

• Create KLV• Insert your data• Monitor your data• Display your data• Test your KLV design

October 24,2013

transitioning from ntsc to sdi digital video copyright its 2013 sheet 1 19360 business center drive...

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