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Traveling through Time by music

The middle ages400-1450Medieval period Aka Age of FaithMusic was highly influenced by Religion ; the early Christian church and state reigned this period.Music organized into liturgy which is the order and structure of church services.

600-850Named for Pope Gregory 1 in which had his monks gather the chants. Contained common texts that remained same in order : Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei.Also Monophonic ( single line), nonmetric, three categories : syllabic, neumatic, melismatic.Music by: Hildegard of Bingen Titled: Kyrie EleisonGregorian chant

Romanesque period850-1150The Rise of Polyphony (two or more simultaneous melodic lines).Earliest polyphonic music called organum adding a second voice to the traditional Gregorian melody at the interval of a fifth or fourth.Soon developed a art in which two voices could move oblique and contrary motion.

Music by:Leonin Title: Guade Maria Virgo

Renaissance Period1450-1600The Mass services of the Roman Catholic Church and during that time a obligation for most people.Its liturgy split into two categories: Proper, texts that vary day to day depending on occasions and Ordinary, always remain the same in every mass.Usually consisted of Gregorian chants.

1098-1179Born as the tenth child given to serve the church as tithe.Had visions somewhat of a fortune teller.She expressed text through music in a brilliant way. Her songs used for many purposes by the church.

Music by: Hildegard of Bingen Title: Alleluia, O vigra mediatrix

Hildegard of Bingen

This music was inspired by idealized love and the values of chivalry.Usually preformed by Troubadours and trouveres in France , finders and inventors of musical poetry. In Germany the preformers were called Minnesingers aka singers of courtly love.This music was usually used at banquets and such entertainment.Secular music of the middle ages

Generally preformed acappella meaning voices alone without instrumental background.Motet became used in the mass as well as other religious services.A great example of Motet is Josquin: Ave Mariavirgo serena.Renaissance Sacred music

1600-1750Great changes took affect especially religious wars between the Protestants and Catholics.The New World was also a great journey to be explored.Monody , was introduced and instumental music became highly accquired.Inspired the Doctrine of Affections a entire piece or movement built on a single affection.Baroque eraBaroque- meaning exaggerated, abnormal, or bizarre.Major-minor tonality was established as well as the equal temperament tuning system.New harmonic structures developed such as the figured bass which allowed preformer to improvise the chords leaving bass continuo played by two instruments.

Bach and the church cantataA german composer who wrote mostly for the Lutheran church service.Usually containing Lutheran chorale, a hymn tune referring to German Protestantism. Bach created a well known Protestant chorale tune,Bachs canta Wachet auf(Sleepers, Awake).

1685-1750Heir of polyphonic art of the past.Born in Eisenach, Germany came from a family of organist.Age 23 he held the position of court organist and chamber musician to the duke of Weimar.Age 38 he was given the title of Cantor of the St.Thomas school.John Sebastian Bach

Bachs greatests

Handel and the oratorioOratorio is a large-scale dramatic genre with sacred text preformed by solo voices, chorus, &orchestranothing staged.In the words of Handel, What the English like is something they can beat time to, something that hits them straight on the drum of the ear.

1685-1759Born in Halle, Germany.Age 25 appointed conductor to the elector of Hanover.In 1720 served as director in the founding of the Royal Academy of Music.Though the failure of the Music Academy he was able to continue producing and produced over forty operas telling stories and adventures.George Frideric handel

Great works of Handel

1678-1741One of the most prolific composers of his era, a famous violinist known for his solo concerto.A native of Venice he was ordained in the church in his twenties and became known as the Red Priest.Was Maestro de concerti aka music master at the Conservatorio dellOspedale della Pieta.Antonio Vivaldi

Vivaldis best

Classical era1750-1825Characterized by order, objectivity, and harmonious proportion.Rise of middle class increased money and leisure time allowing them to purchase instruments, take lessons and compose music from home.Form was very important in this era.

Synopsis cycleFirst movement- fast and in sonata-allegro formSecond movement- slow and in sonata-allegro form, ternary form, or theme and variations formThird movement- medium fast and in minuet and trio formFourth movement- fast and in rondo form or sonata-allegro form

1732-1809One of the most prolific composers of the classical era.Born in a small Austrian village of Rohrau.Was a choirboy at St. Stephens Cathedral in Vienna until he was 16.At age 29 joined the service of the Esterhazys, a family of wealthy Hungarian princes famous for their patronage of the arts.The string quarlet was the center of Haydns work.Joseph haydn

1756-1791Born in Salzburg, Austria, son of Leopold Mozart the violinist at the court of Archbishop of Salzburg.Most gifted child in the history of music he began composing before he was 5.At age 6 preformed at the court of Empress Maria Theresa.Age 13 had written several sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas.One of the first to compose with a clarinet.Wolfgang amadeus mozart

1770-1827Born in Bonn, Germany, into a broken family.He supported his mother and two your brothers by preforming as an organist and harpsichordist.Age 17 he played for Mozart which said, Keep a eye on him, he will make a noise in the world some day.In his late twenties he began to lose his hearing .Never to regain his hearing he still continued to thrive and use his genius in creating beautiful master pieces.

Ludwig van beethoven

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