tsunami india- animal nutrition overview
TRANSCRIPT
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IMPACT OF TSUNAMI ON ANIMALS IN INDIA:
TSUNAMI-Disaster Management
Programs for Livestock
DR. C. KATHIRVELAN And MAYANK TANDON
Animal Nutrition Division, National Dairy ResearchInstitute, Karnal, Haryana, INDIA.
email: [email protected],
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TSUNAMI Harbour wave
Tsunami are large waves that are generated when the
sea floor is deformed by seismic activity
Tsunami wave caused by
Coastal earthquakes
Under sea volcanic eruptions
Under sea landslides
Tsunami is not a single wave, It is series of waves.
Travel at a speed of more than 800Km/hr.
INTRODUCTION
Frontline,Jan,2005
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December 26 th ,2004 Tsunami
Epicenter - 280 km from northern sumathra
2100 km from Indian south coast line
Due to interface of the two tectonic plates
(The Indian plate and Burma plate)
Magnitude 8.9
30 feet height
Frontline,Jan,2005
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Countries affected
Indonesia
Thailand
Srilankha
India
Myanmar
Malaysia
Bangladesh
Somalia
In India
Andaman and
nicobar
TamilNadu
Pondicherry
Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
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World Tsunami occurrence
Nov 1,1755 - Europe
Aug 27, 1883 - Indonesian islands (Java-
Sumatra)
June 15,1896 - East coast of Japan
April 1,1946 - Hawaii
Nov 5,1952 - Russia
May 23,1960 - Hawaii
Aug 23, 1976 - Philippines
July 17, 1998 - Bismarck sea
India Today,Jan,2005
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In INDIA
Dec 31, 1881 - Car Nicobar islandJune 26,1941 - Andaman and Nicobar
From 1973-2001 7 under sea earthquakes
happened.But
No Tsunami
Dec 26,2004- Andaman and nicobar, Indian
South coast states
India Today,Jan,2005
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Number of missing or dead animals
26411086-Swine-308-Duck
2,30,0004163449656Poultry
52010Goat900045446133Sheep
14221561Buffalo
1230037228450Cattle
SriLankaThailandIndonesiaSpecies
Source:FAO
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Impact of Tsunami as a whole- In India
790 ha810 ha792 ha2,589 haCropped area hit
1955205065,477Animal lost
1,55711,83210,0611,12748Dwelling units affected
2.11lakhs24.7
lakhs
43,0006.91 lakhsPopulation affected
5m3m to 5
m
10 m7 m to 10 mAverage height of waves
500m to
2km
1-2 km300m to 3 km2 km to 3.5
km
Incursion of water into
land
985250 km25 km1000 KmLength of coast affected
Andhra
Pradesh
KeralaPondicherryTamilNaduParticulars
Source: Ministry of Home Affairs
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Andaman and Nicobar
Cattle -556
Sheep and goat - 4300
Dogs - 654
Poultry -1.3 lakhs
Pig -368
Number of missing or dead animals
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In TamilNadu
Cattle - 1,021
Sheep and goat - 3234
Pigs - 720
Dogs - 600
Poultry -1.6lakhs
Number of missing or dead animals
Source:TamilNadu animal Husbandry Dept.
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Impact of tsunami on animal production
ANIMALS
PLANTS (Feed resources)
SOILS
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Destruction of animals
Considerable destruction of animal building
Loss of stored animal feed resources
Disease out break;
Lack of feed
Movement of animals
Consumption of contaminated water
Stress conditions
Potenciate disease outbreak
ON ANIMALS
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Cont..
Especially Zoonatic diseases like;
SalmonellosisLeptospirosis
Anthrax, rabies
Crypto sporidiosis
Giardiosis
Animal health problem & under nutrition
Stress conditions
Decreased animal production
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Stored animal feed was soaked with sea water
Pastures and other fibrous feed not affected
severely when the sea water passed over them and
then quickly receded.
Long term damage : pastures and fodder crops have
been flooded for long periods with stagnant salt
water.
Coconuts destruction in coastal areas
Feed mill (fish meal processing unit) damage also
reported
ON PLANTS
(FEED RESOURCES)
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Especially in TamilNadu,
Crops affected are,
Majorly paddy,
Groundnut, Sesame, Black gram
Cont..
In, Andaman and Nicobar
Paddy and coconut plantation totally wiped out
Areca nut, palm plantation affected.
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ON SOILS (Agricultural fields)
Direct crop destruction by up rooting
Soil fertility losses when upper layer is washed away
Deposition of salt sediment
Soil infiltration
Soil erosion modifies the topography
Intensity of damage depends upon
The energy of the flood
The type of soil coverage and vegetation
Soil drainage capacity
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In Gist;
Impact of tsunami on animal production in terms
of,
Animal destruction
Feed resources loss
Soil fertility loss ( soil salinity)
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TSUNAMI-Disaster management /Restocking
programmes
Waste management
Animal health/Veterinary services
Vaccination
Poultry : Avian Influenza, New castle disease
Pigs : Swine fever,FMD, JE
Sheep and Goat : PPR and PasteurolosisCattle : PPR,HS,FMD and Anthrax
Supplementation of feed,water and shelter
Veterinary public health.
FOR ANIMALS
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For plants
Supplementation suitable seeds,
Evolving suitable crops
VTL-salt tolerant Varity of paddy
For pastures- Chenopodiaceae family
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For soils
1st priority: To ensure quick drainage of salt water
2nd priority : Restore physical integrity of the fields
Salt deposition
Upto 30-50 mm salt deposition reported.
-Removal of salt deposit, coarser elements
- leaching:
Through regular watering by rain fall or irrigation
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In gist;
Animal health programme
Provision of suitable seeds
to farmer
Desalination of soil
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Feeding strategies
1. Transportation of fodder
Main strategy in disaster (Tsunami)
management
Densification of fibrous feeds.
2. Complete feed block feeding
3. Exploiting new feed resources
Exploiting locally available unconventional fodder resources
Addition of molasses to improve the palatability
Mixing with routine feed
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4. Urea supplementation
Economic NPN compound
Mode of feeding urea:
Treatment of straws with urea
Addition to concentrate feed
Urea molasses mineral block
Urea liquid supplementation
5. Conservation of fodder
Green fodder conservation
Depending on facility.
Either as silage or hay
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TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
In 1965- International Tsunami InformationCentre (ITIC).
Under water earth quakes are monitored
by sensors on the floor of the sea
The sensors pass on information tofloating buoys on the surface whenever
they detect any change in sea pressure
Information is then relayed to satellite
which pass it on to the earth stations.
Inform well in advance 3 to 14 hours.
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Impact of feeding salty feed and saline water on animal
production
Animal salt tolerance depend on ability of kidney to increaseglomerular filtration rate and decrease salt reabsorption rate.
Exert inhibitory effect on rumen microflora
Decreased milk production
Increased osmotic pressure
Alter thyroid hormone function
Decrease protein synthesis.
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In poultry: Detoriation of egg shell
quality
Symptoms of salt poisoning :
Excessive thirstMuscular weakness
Edema.
Cont..
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Environmentally sustainable management of thecoastal zone.
Strengthening if ecological foundations
Rehabilitation of mangrove forests
Erection of bio shields
Strategies for coastal eco security
(M.S. SwamiNathan)
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Bioshields consists of;
Planting appropriate mangrove species
Salt tolerant plants
Saliorine atriplex
Casuarina Sp.
Thespesia Sp.
And some species of Bamboo
(M.S. SwamiNathan)
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Local level plans to be drawn up for
evacuating animals at short notice at the time
of Tsunami alert
Fodder conservation
Animal health management.
CONCLUSION