tunisian emigration through censuses: pros and cons · 2018. 1. 31. · 15 january 2018 nadia...
TRANSCRIPT
15 January 2018
Nadia Touihri
Director of Demographic Statistics
Chief migration unit
National Institute of Statistics
Tunisian emigration
through censuses:
Pros and cons
Measuring Emigration through censuses Paris , 15 January 2018
01 Plan
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Limits of measuring emigration through census
4. Advantages of measuring emigration through census
5. Data quality
6. Tabulation and data Dessimination
7. Some results
8. Conclusion
Introduction 01 .
• Spatial mobility is one of the fundamental axes of the societies functioning
and changing.
• It is impossible to understand these societies without taking into
consideration spatial mobility.
• Mobility can not be analyzed separately, because it is linked to the
economic, social, cultural, geographical and demographic elements at the
place of departure and at the place of arrival.
• Thus, population censuses remain the most relevant source of information
on migration, given its completeness and the opportunity it for further cross-
checks with other key variables of migrants.
Introduction 02 .
• Tunisian population census represents a snapshot of the resident population
in the country at a given point in time (exp: 23 April 2014, round 2010)
• Periodicity : 10 years
• face to face interview
• Emigration module introduced in round 2000 ( census 2004)
• Emigration is measured over a period of 5 years
Methodology
03
.
Is (name) resident in the same
housing unit, in April 2009?
Other housing unit
Country / delegatio of
residence April 2009
Urban / rural Reason Year of departure
Same housing unit
Immigration and return migration
Census 2004
Census 2014
04 .
Are there any member of your household riside currently abroad, and was resident in
this household in April 2009?
Oui
Relationship with the head
of hh
Gender
Year of birth
Reason
Current country of residence
Year of departure
Level of education
Non
Emigration
Census 2004
Census 2014
Methodology
05 limits of measuring emigration through census
• Information about emigrant gathered by proxy
• It recall interviewer ‘s memory
• No information about emigrants after migration; situation, profile,
integration
• Only a limited set of question could be inserted into census questionnaire;
it’s not the purpose of a census
• Departure of entire Household (no left behind); possibility of missing some
emigrants
06 Advantages of measuring emigration through census
Measuring emigration through census allows to:
• Get information about the structure of emigrant within a given period
• Get information about the level of education of emigrant before departure
• Get information about the country of destination
A cross check with the other census modules, allows in depth analysis to
understand the emigrant behavior:
• Housing unit characteristics,
• Life conditions of household ,
• Individual characteristics of the head of household
07 Data quality
To improve data quality :
• Improving enumerator training, and instructions
• Providing a full explanation to enumerators about the migratory context
and its concepts,
• Formulating easy and clearly worded questions
• Choosing good position and sequence of items within the census: the
migration modules appears in the 7th out of 14 theme,
• for household that emigrate with all his members; questions should be
addressed neighbors in order to get at least information about their
number and their gender
08 Tabulation and data dissemination
For census 2014; emigration is measured between 2009 and 2014:
• First results was dessiminated from the 20% of
• A core tabulation with descriptives analysis was provided in a
publication titeled « Carectéristiques migratoires en Tunisie »
• Specific tabulation are addressed to migration unit in INS
09 Some results
Destination country
• The number of emigrants between April 2009 and April 2014 was about 66
thousands; a yearly average of 13 thousand.
41.8
16.1
14
13.1
4.5
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.4
0 10 20 30 40 50
France
Libya
other
Italy
German
Emirates
Saoudia Arabia
Qatar
Canada
% of emigrants by country of destination
10 Some results
-20000 -15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000
moins 15 ans
15-19 ans
20-24 ans
25-29 ans
30-34 ans
35-39 ans
40-44 ans
45-49 ans
50-54 ans
55-59 ans
60 ans et plus
Female
Male
Structure of Emigrants
11 Some results
Reason for Emigration
73.4
14.2
9.7
2.7
% of emigrants by reason of departure
Economic reason
Study
Marriage
Other
12 Some results
Level of education of Emigrants
24.5
40
28.6
7
% of emigrants by level of education before departure
high
secondary
primary
nothing
12 Data comparaison
Share of women from Tunisian total stocks (DIOC) and Tunisian Emigrants (Census)
13 Conclusion
• Although its limits, and with the absence of accurate administrative
data, and the high cost of specific migration survey, Census remain a reliable
source and an opportunity to measure emigration.
• Provide a database for sampling purposes to undertake survey about
migration; limit cost
• Emigration module will be considered in the next round where
the variable “economic situation before departure” will be added
• Specific migration survey is needed to cover some aspects that could not be
covered by population Census ( emigrant profile, situation after
emigration,….)
Thank you