types of public spaces

7/25/2019 Types of Public Spaces

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URBAN DESIGN IV

Lecture 09: Types of Urban spaces

Lawrence Ogunsanya

[email protected]

[email protected]

ban

design

lecture

9
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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PUBLIC SPACE/REALM IN CITIES

Public space/realm is defined as space that is shared communally by the

public.

Public space is intimately linked to the ideas of universal access, the commonground, and shared amenities.

Examplesinclude parks, plazas, pedestrian pathways, and streets, indoor spaces

such as atriums, shopping centres, and community centres.

Public spaces influence the

form and function of cities and

the daily interactions that take

place at the community level.

Rooftop and community

gardens, and street cafes

demonstrate new examples

of public spaces that are

emerging as significant

components of the public

space/realm landscape.


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The public realm belongs to everyone. It comprises

public urban spaces and other outdoor places thatrequire no key to access them and are available, without

charge for everyone to use.

Public spaces should not be seen in isolation but in the

context of its adjacent buildings, their uses and itslocation in a wider network of public and private space.

The three key elements that influence the public

realm are:

The buildings that enclose and define the space;

The space itself; and

The people that inhabit the public realm and the way

they use the space.

INTRODUCTION DEFINITION:


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TYPES OF PUBLIC SPACES

There are five identified types of public spaces

CORPORATE SPACES

DOMESTIC SPACES

CONSUMPTION SPACES

CIVIC SPACES

IN-BETWEEN SPACES


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Examples:

Hotel lobbies/foyers, Shopping mall, food court, Airportterminal, office park square, university sqaures etc.

CORPORATE SPACES


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CORPORATE SPACES


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CORPORATE SPACES

Challenges:

Omnipresent security intimidate and portray a feeling ofunwelcome towards visitors of corporate spaces.

Extended use of space not always encouraged due to

dominant ownership.

Due to Branding, corporate spaces frequently use similar

design styles and materials. This can lead to

homogeneity.

Visual accessibility is not always visible


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CORPORATE SPACES

Design requirements:

Corporate spaces should provide a safe area that hasenough capacity to accommodate the extremes of

pedestrian traffic.

Adequate lighting and security

Corporate spaces should provide a comfortable area that

is welcoming, inviting and inclusive.

landscaping and public art

Well established management regime

Use of high quality materials

Provision of retail space and branding Accessibility

Flexible and adaptive


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DOMESTIC SPACES

Domestic spaces are public open spaces in close

proximity to a cluster of homes and residentialdevelopments, domestic squares offer a space for both

formal and informal social activity.

A local environment for people of all ages to play, to

relax, to enjoy the sun, to meet their neighbours Distinguishing characteristics:

Predominantly characterised by the residential uses that

surround them.

A space were residents involve in many recreational or

relaxation activities. Defines a neighbourhood scale and identity in the

context of working environments

Provides a degree of intimacy and seclusion within the

dense and bustling urban fabric.


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DOMESTIC SPACES

Examples:

Balconies and terraces, courtyards, community parks,


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DOMESTIC SPACES


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DOMESTIC SPACES


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DOMESTIC SPACES

Challenges:

Failure to achieve balance of actives

Intimacy, safety and comfort Natural surveillance

Sense of Ownership

Poor maintenance

Design requirements Engagement: Creating Responsive Spaces

Inclusive & Sustainable Spaces

Use of different materials is an important tool for defining

spaces and pathways.

Designation of primary and secondary movement

corridors through the square and clustering of activity

types

Provision of intimacy, furniture and shade

Accessibility, Flexible and adaptive


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DOMESTIC SPACES

Natural Surveillance


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CONSUMPTION SPACES

Consumption spaces are public open spaces, part of

the public realm where consumption activities are

predominant.

Often a combination of fixed retail, informal trade and

mobile temporary stalls. They are by essence places

where people meet, trade, recreate and exchange.

Distinguishing characteristics: Three main spatial typologies have been identified:

The corridorshapeis usually characterized by a linear

continuity of the shop frontages and a relatively narrow

width between the building frontages. The square shape is a typical square surrounded mainly

by retail venues at the ground floor.

The crossing of streets very probably generated by the

natural meeting occurring at such places.

Presence of shops, stalls and external seating


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CONSUMPTION SPACES


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CONSUMPTION SPACES


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CONSUMPTION SPACES

Challenges:

Un-integrated spaces can appear to create a level ofconflict and competition between permanent fixed retail

and informal market vendors in stalls.

Providing shelter or shade to create a more comfortable

pedestrian experience.

Provision of site amenities, landscaping and streetfurniture for pedestrians

Flexibility and adaptability of the space

Contextual relationships of the space and the site

Commercialisation / homogenisation and exclusivity ofspace.


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CONSUMPTION SPACES

Design requirements

Vibrancy, safety and comfort

Provision of furniture and shade

Accessibility, Diversity, Flexible and adaptive

Shopping units and food courts

Passive and active recreation.

Creating a transitionary zone between the retail venuesand the public realm helps increase the active frontage

Effective pedestrian circulation and stall groupings.


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CIVIC SPACES

Civic spaces are an essential component of the citys

suite of open spaces and broader public realm. They help characterise the city or towns history, and

acts as vital spaces for people to interact with political

leaders.

Distinguishing characteristics: A forecourt to civic buildings, often with at least one

frontage addressing the main entrance or faade.

A setting for monuments, statues and other memorials or

public art installations.

Designed for pedestrians and adaptable to cater for civicevents and meetings.

High quality materials & finishes.

Grand, symbolic and of national and local significance


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CIVIC SPACES

Trafalgar square, London


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CIVIC SPACES

Trafalgar square, London


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Challenges:

Exclusionary, isolated, impermeable, inaccessible and over

managed space

Design requirements

Symbolic: reflect the history and character of the

community.

bring the community together and act as a centre. Adaptable:Flexible to changing time and various seasonal

uses.

Inclusive: People from all walks of life should be able to

relate to and enjoy using the space. Accessible: Encourage movement to and/or through the

space and pedestrian friendly

High quality: Design, materials, art work, sculpture and

finishes contribute to a consistent and legible urban

environment.

CIVIC SPACES


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IN-BETWEEN SPACES

In-between spaces are the residual elements of the city,

which evolve out of an ever-changing urban fabric.

in-between spaces present flexible environments, which

offer potential locations for diverse and unexpected

activities and future developments.

Distinguishing characteristics:

In-between spaces can be divided into three categories:

the good, the bad, and the ugly. Good in-between spaces are those, which have become

successfully integrated with their surroundings physically

and/or functionally; minimizing internal conflicts

Bad in-between spaces are those that have failed to meettheir full potential, despite having been incorporated into

the planning process.

Ugly in-between spaces refer to spaces in the urban

environment that have been forgotten and fallen into

dereliction.


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IN-BETWEEN SPACES: THE GOOD


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IN-BETWEEN SPACES: THE BAD


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IN-BETWEEN SPACES

Challenges:

Isolated and unutilised

Dangerous, unfriendly and uncomfortable Awkward shapes and layouts

Cluttered, dirty and not maintained

Design requirements

Provide a sense of identity in a space can be encouragedand controlled by surrounding buildings, culture, history

and urban furniture.

Natural surveillance and safety

A diversity and flexibility of land uses, providing varying

uses overtime (days, week, seasons, etc.) Aesthetic elements such as vegetation, which enhances

the time spent in the space

Include some memorable functions and designed spaces:

coffee shop, skate ramp, playground.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD

PUBLIC REALM

Streetscape

Streets are delightful and offer attractions and rewards:

reasons to walk and explore.

Sidewalks are comfortable, with room to pass and pause,

and places to rest.

Streets and public spaces invite a range of uses; not justnecessary ones, but optional and spontaneous ones as

well.

Pedestrian routes are continuous and have options.

Streets and public spaces are used well and have value;there are no empty or neglected places.

The street network provides for multiple modes of

transportation and promotes walking and biking.


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PUBLIC REALM


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PUBLIC REALM

Built Form.

The built form has an immense impact on the character of

the space and its success in a neighbourhood.

The design of the built form can be categorised into three

components, base, middle and top:

1. The Base should contribute to the quality of the publicrealm, having active frontages, awnings, lighting and high

quality materials;

2. The Middle should compliment the architectural features

of the base and the top by including windows and amaterial typology that is visually cohesive with the base

and top

3. The Top consists of the roof and cornice treatment for

smaller buildings and on larger buildings this also includes

the mechanical penthouse.


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PUBLIC REALM


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PUBLIC REALM


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New York city, USA


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