Ultracold NeutronResearchatLANSCEBradPlaster,UniversityofKentucky

LANSCEUserGroupMeetingNovember3,2015

LANSCEUCNSource

OperatingSince2004

ProtonBeam

UCNGuide

ToExperiments

Ultracold Neutrons(UCN)T<340nano‐eVv<8m/s

A.R.Youngetal.,J.Phys.G:Nucl.Part.Phys.41(2014)114007A.Saundersetal,Rev.Sci.Instrum.84(2013)013304A.Saundersetal.,Phys.Lett.B593(2004)55 2

SolidDeuteriumUCNSource

UCNasaProbeofFundamentalInteractions

Electromagnetic

E B

Strong

Gravity

g

nnn EH ˆVg =mgz

dpn

THe3 pn

S.Burles,K.M.Nollett,andM.S.Turner,astro‐ph/9903300

Weak

J.S.NicoandW.M.Snow,Annu.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.55(2005)27H.Abele,Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys.60(2008)1D.Dubbers andM.Schmidt,Rev.Mod.Phys.83(2011)1111 3

LANSCEUCNSourcePerformance

A.R.Youngetal.,J.Phys.G:Nucl.Part.Phys.41(2014)114007 4

ManyUsers!

5

TheUCNScienceProgram

“ReachingfortheHorizon”,The2015LongRangePlanforNuclearSciencehttp://science.energy.gov/~/media/np/nsac/pdf/2015LRP/2015_LRPNS_091815.pdf 6

TheExperiments

7

UCNB/Nab

NeutronEDM

UCNS

PrecisionNeutron‐Decay:UCNAσ

n e–

θe

p

e

θp

“V– A”Law

ep

8

“A”

M.P.Mendenhalletal.,PRC87(2013)032501B.Plasteretal.,PRC86(2012)055501

PrecisionNeutron‐Decay:UCNB,Nab(SNS)σ

n e–

θe

p

e

θp

e

e

EmbBB 0

νp

10.6 xray

481.7 CE 975.7 CE553.8 CE565.8 CE

56.7 CE72.8 xray75.0 xray84.9 xray

1047.8 CE

9

T.Bhattacharyaetal.,PRD85(2012)054512

S.Profumo,M.J.Ramsey‐Musolf,andS.Tulin,PRD75(2007)075107

PrecisionNeutron‐Decay:UCN

“CounttheLiving”

/0)( teNtN

“CounttheDead”

0N

dtdN

10R.H.Cyburt etal.,arXiv:1505.01076K.Nollett.updateofarXiv:1312.5725

PrecisionNeutron‐Decay:UCN

P.Walstrom etal,NIMA599 (2009) 82D.J.Salvat etal.,PRC89(2014)052501 11

Magneto‐ GravitationalTrap

Halbacharray

g

steNtN /0)(

10B UCN Detector

Al Shutter AFP Spin Flipperin 130G (370 kHz)

Trap Door

Polarized UCN from 6T PPM

The UCN Experiment is operational since 2013

UCN Spectrum Cleaner (Polyethylene sheet)

He Drift Tubesnot pictured)

“Fill‐Store‐Count” cycle1. Fill polarized UCN into the trap2. Clean the UCN spectrum3. Store UCN4. Count UCN

B/ZnS UCN detector

V-foil in-situ UCN

detector

Detector R&D:2013: External UCN detector2014‐2015: V‐foil  in‐situ  UCN detector2015‐2016: 10B/ZnS in‐situ UCN detector

SourceUpgradeinProgress

13LDRDProject#20140015DR:“ProbingNewSourcesofTime‐ReversalViolationwithNeutronEDM”,T.Ito(PI)

SourceUpgradeinProgress NeutronEDM

NTEd

1~δ

Figures:“ReachingfortheHorizon”,The2015LongRangePlanforNuclearSciencehttp://science.energy.gov/~/media/np/nsac/pdf/2015LRP/2015_LRPNS_091815.pdf 14

SourceUpgradeinProgress NeutronEDM

NewEDMExperiment

15

OtherExcitingOpportunities

z (m)

n =1 n =2 n =3 n =41.4peV 2.5peV 3.3peV 4.1peV

nnn EH ˆVg =mgzg

V.Nesvizhevsky etal.,Nature415 (2002)297T.Jenke etal.,NaturePhys.7 (2011)468A.R.Youngetal. L.J.Broussardetal. 16

UCNFacility“WishList”

Abilitytorun24/7(beamcurrentlyswitchedfrompRAD)

Abilitytorunwithhigherbeamcurrents

Cryogenicplant(2LHe liquefiers +3compressors)=veryloudenvironment

17

Summary

BroadscopeofresearchusingUCNaddressingfundamentalproblemsattheforefrontofnuclearphysicsresearch

IacknowledgesupportunderDOEAwardNumberDE‐SC0014622

Largeandactivecommunityofusers

18

ExtraSlides

UCNB / Nab Collaborations

UCNS

Coldvs.Ultracold

2

ultracold cold fast

MeV0.05–25meV

1– 300KmK

<350neV

T=20K

v2exp(−v2)

Superfluid4He

B.Plaster

p2/2m

dispersioncurve

4V.Nesvizhevsky etal.,Nature415,297(2002)

GravityandShort‐RangeInteractions

z (m)

n =1 n =2 n =3 n =41.4peV 2.5peV 3.3peV 4.1peV

nnn EH ˆVg =mgzg

B.Plaster

GravityandShort‐RangeInteractions

5

Spectroscopy

T.Jenke etal.,NaturePhys.7,468(2011)

Epq =Ep – Eq

NewShort‐RangeInteractions:

WeakEquivalencePrinciple:

nnn Emgzdzd

m

2

22

2

Chameleons,Axions,… Neutronsq =0NoEM

backgrounds!

“GravitationalResonanceSpectroscopy”

Casimir,vanderWaals

UCN

pqpq

Eω

B.Plaster

GravityandShort‐RangeInteractions

6

DarkEnergyChameleonFields

Gravityasapracticaltool…

T.Jenke etal.,PRL112,151105(2014);K.Tullney etal.,PRL111,100801(2013);A.N.Ivanovetal.,PRD87,105013(2013);T.Jenke etal.,arXiv:1208.3875

Axion DarkMatter

torsionpendulum

KE.00006:T.SakutaKE.00007:S.SaibaKE.00008:E.DeesKE.00009:M.Kitaguchi

B.Plaster

Neutron‐Decay: Lifetime

7

“V– A”Law

Parameters:

2) =gA /gVVud

WhatifthereareScalar, Tensor?

W.MarcianoandA.Sirlin,PRL96,032002(2006);W.Marciano,talkatSantaFeLifetimeWorkshop(2012)B.Plaster

Lifetime:Techniques

8A.Serebrov etal.,Phys.Lett.B605,72(2005);J.S.Nico etal.,PRC71,055502(2005);A.Yueetal.,PRL111,222501(2013)

“CounttheLiving”

t

N/

0)( teNtN

“CounttheDead”

/0NN

B.Plaster

Lifetime:BBNandNeff

9A.Coc etal.,arXiv:1403.6694;A.R.Youngetal.,J.Phys.G(inpress)B.Plaster

StandardModel:Neff =3.046

K.Nollett,talkatACFIWorkshopon“MeasuringtheNeutronLifetime”;updateofarXiv:1312.5725

~8s Neff ~0.12

n

n

p

p

YY

73.039.0

BBN

2

eff

eff

eff

eff 04.019.0

NN

NN

CMBBBN

Lifetime:Beam

10A.Yueetal.,PRL111,22(2013);J.S.Nico etal.,PRC71,055502(2005);F.Wietfeldt talkatACFIWorkshopon“MeasuringtheNeutronLifetime”

BL2ExperimentNIST:n ~1s

200increaseinprotonrate FE.00006:K.MishimaFE.00007:G.TanakaFE.00008:J.MulhollandFE.00011:T.YamadaKE.00010:R.Sakakibara

BL3ExperimentNIST:n <0.3s

B.Plaster

Lifetime:UCNStorage

11

Material‐wallUCNstorageexperiments

D.Salvat etal.,PRC89,052501(R)(2014)

Next‐generation:(nearly)eliminatewalllosses!

UCN

ED.00008:S.SeestromFE.00004:D.SalvatFE.00005:A.HolleyKE.00011:R.PattieKE.00012:Z.WangME.00013:N.Callahan

B.Plaster

Neutron‐Decay: AngularCorrelations

12

Differentialdistribution:

EEppD

EpB

EpA

Emb

EEppaEEEp

dEddd

e

e

e

en

e

e

e

eeee

ee

1)( 20

BSM BSM

BSM

νe

e bEmBB 0

20 3λ1)1|λ(||λ|2A

B.Plaster

Vud

13T.Bhattacharyaetal.,PRD85,054512(2012)

Vud (10–4)

10

20

30

Pion

experiment theory

Superallowed

nucleusdependent EW

Whatisneeded?

Neutron

EW

T=½Mirror

EW

nucleusdependent

a/a,A/A<0.1%

<0.3s

B.Plaster

PDG :

PDG :

4.1ν/χ 2

9.1ν/χ 2

AngularCorrelations: BSMPhysics

14T.Bhattacharyaetal.,PRD85,054512(2012);S.GardnerandB.Plaster,PRC87,065504(2013)

EEppD

EpB

EpA

Emb

EEppaEEEp

dEddd

e

e

e

en

e

e

e

eeee

ee

1)( 20

νe

e bEmBB 0

“a”,“A”to0.03%+n to…b,b(disentangled)

Neutronsvs.LHC

BP,S.K.L.Sjue,andA.R.Young,inpreparation

FE.00010:K.Hickerson

Nab:b~3 10–3

pp e +X

B.Plaster

A0

15

FE.00002:M.BrownFE.00003:A.SaundersME.00006:X.Ding

UCNAatLANL

DNPThesisPrize:M.P.Mendenhall

S/B:124

2010:0.94%

2011– 2013

Statistics~0.45%Systematics<0.5%

M.P.Mendenhalletal.PRC87,032501(R)(2013);BPetal.,PRC86,055501(2012)B.Plaster

a0

16

aCORN atNIST

Courtesy:F.Wietfeldt

2013:~3%

movingtonewguidehall

2015:~1%

B.Plaster

TheProblemoftheBaryonAsymmetry

17

Howcanthisbe?

Funtidbit:1975NobelPeacePrize!

0

BaryonNumberViolation

CandCPViolation

InteractionsoutofThermalEquilibrium

B.Plaster

BViolation:n‐n Oscillations

18

Canonicalidea:2 2matrix

2222

2

δ~)(sin)(

δ~)( ttEE

tPn

nn

EE

nn

in

nt

nn EEE δ

D.G.Phillipsetal.,arXiv:1410.1100[hep‐ex];S.GardnerandE.Jafari,arXiv:1408.2264

ILL(1994): >8.6 107 s EuropeanSpallationSource:

1011/s;t~0.1s

58Niguidem~6supermirrorsIncreaseinflightpathGainFactorsof100–1000

But…alsonewidea!nandnofoppositespinsinanexternalmagneticfieldhavesameenergy!

KE.00001:S.Gardner

B.Plaster

CPViolation:NeutronEDM

19

Sensitivitypermeasurementcycle:

NTEdn

1~δ

ILL:

E~10kV/cmT~130sN~14000density~0.7/cm3

Therefore,for~10–28 e‐cm:

E~5T~4N~25

Minimum:HigherUCNdensities!

ME.00001:M.MakelaME.00002:T.ItoME.00003:E.PierreME.00004:J.Martin

B.Plaster

Stat:1.6 10–26 e‐cm

WorldwideEffort:~10Experiments

20Tablefrom:B.Filippone etal.,SNSnEDM ExperimentPositionPaper

Differencesinexperimentaltechniques:Measure oraccumulatedphase =t?Magneticfieldmonitoring?“Co‐magnetometer”?UCNproduction/transport?

LANL SolidD2 Vacuum R&D ~30

B.Plaster

SNSnEDM Experiment

21

Stronginteraction

UCN 3He

superfluid4He

8.9Å n

BE

3He

3n

3

n

,BE

,BE

3Hen + p+T

ED.00006:A.ReidED.00007:R.DipertME.00010:C.SwankME.00011:N.NouriME.00012:S.Slutsky

R.Golub andS.K.Lamoreaux,Phys.Rept.237,1(1994)B.Plaster

Hadronic ParityViolation

22

ParityConserving

B.R.Holstein,J.Phys.G36,104003(2009);J.S.Nico andW.M.Snow,Annu.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.55,27(2005)

ParityViolatingWeakCouplings

Wikipedia!

DDH:QuarkModel+SU(6) “DDHReasonableRange”

B.Plaster

Hadronic ParityViolation:NPDGamma

23Courtesy:C.Crawford

pn + d+

θcos141

Add

n k

fA 11.0DDH

KE.00003:D.Blyth

NPDGammaSensitivity:

A ~1 10–8

J.Wasem,PRC85,022501(R)(2012)f =(1.099 0.505 0.061) 10–7

B.Plaster

Hadronic ParityViolation:n‐3He

24

3Hen + p +T

ProtonAsymmetry!

n pp

Single‐WireSpinAsymmetries!

KE.00005:M.McCrea

Courtesy:C.CrawfordB.Plaster