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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOLMonterey, California

A SUMM4ARY OF THE

FOUNDATION RESEARCH PROGRAM w

March 1982 "

Report for the Period j C

1 October 1980 to 30 September 1981

C,

Approved for Public Release; distribution unlimited

Prepared for:Chief of Naval ResearchArlington, Virginia 22217

Chief of Naval DevelopmentWashington, D. C. 20360 82 04 27 i."

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOLMonterey, Cali fornia

Rear Admiral John J. Ekelund David A. SchradyActing Provost

The work reported herein was supported by the Chief of Naval Research,Arlington, Virginia 22217 and the Chief of Naval Development, Washington,D. C. 20360.

Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized.

This report was prepared by:

I TOLLES"Dean of Research

Released by:

DAVIDActing Provost

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Summary ReportA SUMMARY OF THE FOUNDATION RESEARCH PROGRAM 1 Oct 1980 to 30 Sept 1981

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUM8ER

7. AUTHOR(*) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMER(a)

Faculty of Naval Postgraduate School

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS t0. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASKAREA f WO UTUMIRS

Naval Postgraduate School N52N:RROO -01-10Monterey, California 93940 62 ,00014'1WR1 01

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Foundation Research Program Weapons Systems Wave TransmissionsData Base Systems United States Policy Cyclone EvolutionSpectrum Applications Arms Control Aerodynamic StablizatiorCase Research Methods Trajectory Studies Ocean PrnfilingCareer Transitions Electromagnetic Interference Fatigue of Alloys20. AUSTRACT rCoitim an reverse side it neeeeiv amd Idenltify by lioci Mlbrw)Forty-five projects of Independent Research/Independent Exploratory Developmentore funded by the NPS Foundation Research Program. This research.was in thereas of Computer Science, Mathematics, Administrative Sciences, Operations Re-search, National Security Affairs, Physics and Chemistry, Electrical Engineer-ing, Meteorology, Aeronautics, Oceanography and Mechanical Engineering. Atabulation in Appendix I identifies area of research and the investigator(s).The category of independent research or independent exploratory research is alsoidentified for each research task. -DD I JAN ",7 1473 EDITION o, I NOV 6S IS OalE/.V UNCLASSIFIED

SECURITY CLAISIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Ihen Does niti)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Overview of the NPS Foundation Research Program ---------------- vi

PROJECT SUMMARIES

COMPUTER SCIENCE 1

Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems ---------- 3

Advanced Methods for Software Development ------------------ 4

The Automatic Design of Algorithms ------------------------ 5

MATHEMATICS 7

Using Full Sequences for Spread SpectrumApplications ----------------------------------------- 9

Numerical Solution of Fixed-Point Equations ---------------- 10

Convergence of Non-Linear OptimizationAlgorithms Under Weakened Hypotheses --------------------- 11

ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES 13

The Development of Case Research Methodsin the Organizational Sciences -------------------------- 15

Analysis of Corrective Maintenance ActiveRepair Time Data ------------------------------------- 16

Cost Accounting and Analysis in theGovernmental Sector ----------------------------------- 17

Career Transition Agenda: Identifying Whatis Accomplished in Adapting to a New Job -------------- 18

Enlistment Supply Models ............. 0............ ?O

COPY/

i (YoI $ / . ..A

-- .

/ NIv.

A

ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, cont.

Sequential Testing for Selection: Tryouton Real Data ----------------------------------------- 21

An Investigation into the Existence of aGeneral Theory of Intra Firm Behavior --------------------- 22

OPERATIONS RESEARCH 25

Operational Availability Analysis of WeaponSystems with Finite Spares Support ---------------------------- 27

Representation of Additional OperationalFactors in Combat Models ------------------------------- 28

NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS 31

United States Policy Toward Conflict

in Africa ------------------------------------------ 33

Cry Wolf Effects -------------------------------------

Analysis of Mexican Growth Alternatives ------------------- 35

South Korean Nationalism: Roots, 37Impact, and Prospects- ---------------------------------

Soviet Decislonmaking for theNational Security- ------------------------------------- 38

French and Soviet Perspectives on TheaterNuclear Policy and Arms Control -------------------------------

PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 41

Classical Trajectory Studies of Low EnergyIon Impact Mechanisms on Clean and Reacted 43Single Crystal Surfaces ---------------------------------------

iv

77

PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY, cont.

Spectroscopic Data Center Compilationof Atomic Energy Levels --------------------------------- 45

Experimental Investigation of ElectromagneticInterference Zones during Ducting Conditions ---------------- 46

Plasma Surface Interaction -----------------------------

Measurement of Underwater AcousticNoise Due to Surf Phenomena 9-----------------------------

Underwater Acoustic Noise Due toSurf Phenomena ---------------------------------------- 50

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 53

Millimeter Wave Transmission Media ----------------------- 55

Radar Target Identification via Time-DomainScattering Signatures 6----------------------------------

Digital Signal Processing ------------------------------- 57

METEOROLOGY 59

A Synoptic Study of Summer Monsoon Depressions--------------61

The Role of the Ocean In Extratropical 62Cyclone Evolution ------------------------------------

Diagnostics of Oceanic ExtratropicalCyclones --------------------------------------------- 63

AERONAUTICS 65

Aerodynamic Stabilization of Gaseous Discharges -------------- 67

V

At-

AERONAUTICS, cont.

Study of Basic Mechanisms that Lead to Arcing --------------- 68

Multi-Stage Compressor Study ----------------------------- 69

Numerical Modeling of the Flow in TransonicAxial Compressors ------------------------------------- 70

Very High Reaction Turbines ----------------------------- 71

OCEANOGRAPHY 73

Real-Time Ocean Profiling and Modeling in Monterey Bay -------- 75

Studies of Oceanographic Conditions Near theMarginal Sea-Ice Zone-- ----------------------------- 76

Acoustic Variability Experiment ------------------------- 7

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 79

Elevated Temperature Fatigue of AlloysUsed in Propulsion Systems ------------------------------ 81

Experimental Investigation of the FluidMechanics of Buoyant Liquid Plumes ---------------------------- 83

Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study ofRapidly Solidified Shape Memory Alloys ------------------- 84

Optimum Design of Torsional Shafts UsingComposite Materials ------------------------------------ 85

Appendix I -------------------------------------------------------- 87

Index ------------------------------------------------------------- 91

Distribution List ------------------------------------------------- 94

vi

-h-i i , , ,,L , . . . ... i - ' . .

OVERVIEW OF THE NPS FOUNDATION RESEARCH PROGRAM

FY 1981

The principal thrust of the research and exploratory developmentprogram at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) stems from its mission:

To conduct and direct advanced education of commissionedofficers, and to provide such other technical andprofessional instruction as may be prescribed to meetthe needs of the Naval Service; and in support of theforegoing to foster and encourage a program ofresearch in order to sustain academic excellence.

A portion of the research performed at NPS is conducted throughgrants from the Chief of Naval Research and the Chief of Naval Development.Together these funds provide the basis for the NPS Foundation ResearchProgram.

The major objectives of the Foundation Research Program are four-fold and include:

* sponsoring research efforts of junior faculty enabling

them to establish a strong research program in theirchosen field,

* allowing experienced faculty to change the course oftheir research programs,

* increasing the general research capability of the

Naval Postgraduate School through capital equipmentprocurement, and

* providing the opportunity for the fulfillment of

meritorious research projects that have no sponsor.

The four objectives are pursued with the ulitimate goal of simulatingthe highest quality research program at NPS in support of theeducational program received by students.

The Foundation Research Program is administered internally by aResearch Council comprised of selected faculty members and headed by theDean of Research. The function of the Research Council is to properlyimplement the goals and objectives of the program with a view towardapproving meritorfous proposals submitted by the NPS faculty.

This report describes the accomplishments of the Foundation ResearchProgram for FY 1981. The summaries of the research efforts are organizedby academic departments operating at NPS. Some research efforts have beenfunded by the Chief of Naval Research (6.1) which are oriented towardinitiating and conducting scientific and applied research of a long-rangenature in areas of special interest to the Navy. Other efforts have beenfunded by the Chief of Naval Development (6.2) and are used for conductingexploratory development deriving from scientific program areas or in otherareas specifically requested by the Navy.

vii

DEPARTMENT

OF

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Title: Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems

Investigator: D. Z. Badal, Assistant Professor of Computer Science

Sponsor: NPS Foundation Research Program

Objective: To analyze concurrency control mechanisms for distri-buted database systems.

Summary: This research divides concurrency control (CC) mecha-nisms into three classes. One class consists ofblocking CC mechanisms and two classes contain non-blocking CC mechanisms. We define CC overhead andderive it for each class of CC mechanisms. Since CCoverhead is dependent on CC mechanism only, it can beused as a metric for comparison of CC mechanisms andas a measure of CC load on DBMS resources. The re-search also described two new distributed CC mecha-nisms which are compared in terms of CC overhead withindustry standard distributed 2 phase locking.

Publications: D. Z. Badal, "Concurrency Control Overhead or CloserLook at Blocking vs. Nonblocking Concurrency ControlMechanisms", Proceeding of the 5th Berkeley Conferenceon Distributed Data Management and Computer Networks,San Francisco, February 1981, pp. 85-105.

D. Z. Badal, "Concurrency Control Overhead or CloserLook at Blocking vs. Nonblocking Concurrency ControlMechanisms", NPS Technical Report, NPS52-81-005, June1981.

3

Title: Advanced Methods for Software Development

Investigator: Bruce J. MacLennan, Assistant Professor of ComputerScience


Objective: Continued development of the theory and a practicalmethodology for advance software development.

Summary: Progress has been made on this project in four areas:theory, metrics, languages, and tools.(1) Theory. This project has continued an investiga-tion of the general properties of systems. Severalformal models of systems have been developed and com-pared.(2) Metrics. One of the most important properties ofa system is its complexity. This project has deve-loped a method of determining the major structuralcomponents of programming languages and other systems.This forms a basis for measuring the complexity ofthese systems. This project has also addressed theproblem of the validation of complexity measures.(3) Languages. This project has made progress in twoaspects of very-high-level languages. First, it hasshown that the operators of a relational calculus canbe used for the high level manipulation of both datastructures and program structures. Second, it has in-vestigated the nature of objects and values in very-high-level functional and applicative programming lan-guages. This has resulted in a clarification of therole each of these play, and guidelines for futurelanguage design.(4) Tools. This project has investigated tools to en-hance the development and maintenance of software. Atool that is proving very valuable is a syntax-directededitor. Since a separate syntax directed editor is re-quired for each programming language, this project hasdeveloped and implemented a method for implementingthese automatically.

Publications: B. J. MacLennan, "Values and Objects in ProgrammingLanguages", NPS Technical Report, NPS52-81-006, April1981, also submitted for publication.

B. J. MacLennan, "Introduction to Relational Program-ming", NPS Technical Report, NPS52-81-008, June 1981.

4

Title: The Automatic Design of Algorithms

Investigator: Douglas R. Smith, Assistant Professor of ComputerScience


Objective: The automatic design of computer algorithms from auser-supplied formal specification of a problem.

Summary: A new approach to automatic algorithm design has beendeveloped. This research has involved several sup-porting sub-activities:1) development of a formalism, called a problem reduc-

tion system for representing problems,2) development of the abstract control structures and

associated correctness schemes for the differentalgorithmic methods for solving problem reductionsystems,

3) development of the theory of a new class of deduc-tive mechanisms called precondition generators.

The algorithm design method has been used to derive10 common divide and conquer algorithms by hand fromtheir specifications.

Publication: D. R. Smith, "A Design for an Automatic ProgrammingSystem", Proceedings of the Seventh InternationalJoint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, August1981.

Conference D. R. Smith, "Problem Reduction Systems", MathematicsPresentation: Department Seminar, NPS, January 1981.

Theses: J. S. Lape, and C. W. Miller, "Condition Recognitionfor a Program Synthesizer", Master's Thesis, June 1981.

5

DEPARTMENT

OF

MATHEMATICS

Title: Using Full Sequences for Spread Spectrum Applications

Investigator: H. M. Fredricksen, Associate Professor of Mathematics


Objective: To develop algorithms to generate sequences to beused in spread spectrum applications and to determinethe efficacy of those sequences for the proposed use.

Summary: The binary full length non-linear shift register se-quences were considered as possible good sequences tobe employed in a spread spectrum system. It wasnecessary to determine good and efficient algorithmsto generate the sequences and then to determine forthe sequences generated how well they could be usedas sequences in the spreading applications. Severalalgorithms were detailed and some of the sequencesgenerated were further analyzed as spreading sequences.Research continues in this area on an unfunded basis.

Publication: H. M. Fredricksen, "A Survey of Full Length Non-LinearShift Register Cycle Algorithms", SIAM Review, April82 (forthcoming).

ConferencePresentation: H. M. Fredricksen, "Using Full Sequences for Spread

Spectrum Applications", International InformationTheory meeting, Santa Monica, California, February9 - 12, 1981.

-- , I I II I I I I I IIII I II I I

Title: Numerical Solution of Fixed-Point Equations

Investigator: Michael D. Humphries, Adjunct Professor of Mathematics


Objective: To study the behavior of certain numerical methods, todevelop them into useful algorithms, to anply them toother kinds of fixed-point problems, and to obtain atheoretical analysis of their properties.

Summary: Theoretical and experimental analyses were carriedout to determine which algorithms were most appropriate.The choice of various parameters depends on thecharacteristics of the particular equation. New, moreefficient algorithms were introduced as a result of thisstudy.

Publication: Michael D. Humphries, "Numerical Solution of Fixed-PointEquations, NPS Technical Report, (forthcoming).

10

h.

Title: Convergence of Non-Linear Optimization Algorithms

Under Weakened Hypotheses

Investigator: I. B. Russak, Associate Professor of Mathematics.


Objective: To establish a weakened set of hypotheses under whichit can be guaranteed that certain types of non-linearoptimization algorithms will converge. Also todetermine what the convergence rates are.

Summary: Consider the general constrained optimization problem

minimize f(X)subject togC (X)5O : . .. m (X)=O m + . .

where X is an N-dimensional vector. Real world appli-cations of this problem occur very frequently inmilitary applications, e.g. optimizing with respectto time to intercept, the parameters of a missileinteceptor system subject to constraints on itsmotion. Often however the restrictive conditionsassumed in many convergence proofs of numericalalgorithms for solving problems of this type arenot true. It may therefore be incorrect to applysuch algorithms in those cases. A weakened set ofhypotheses which more accurately represents thereal world situation is being developed and con-vergence rates under these modified conditions arebeing investigated.

Publication: I. B. Russak, "Convergence of Non-Linear Optimizationon Algorithms Under Weakened Hypothesis," NPS Tech-nical Report, (forthcoming).

11

DEPARTMENT

OF

ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES

*

Title: The Development of Case Research Methods in theOrganizational Sciences

Investigator: Roger D. Evered, Associate Professor of Organizational

Sciences, Department of Administrative Sciences


Objective: To explore ways for extracting generalizableknowledge and theories from in-depth case studiesof particular situations. It is postulated thatsystematic procedures can be found as an alternativeto the usual reductivistic way of testing forcommonalities, which necessarily destroys the com-plexity of the real event. This is part of an ongoingstudy to overcome the limitations of positivism in thesocial sciences.

Summary: A search has been made for studies that have examinedthe epistemology of the case method. Caseepistemology has been contrasted with the nomotheticscience method. Several possible case-basedepistemologies are identified together with theiradvantages relative to normal nomothetic sciences.

Publications: R. D. Evered, "Case: The Surface Effect Ship Program."Intercollegiate Case Clearing House, with teacningnote, 1981.

Theses Directed: D. Karnesky, "Case Writing for Military Organizations,"Master's Thesis, March 1981.

15

Title: Analysis of Corrective Maintenance Active RepairTime Data

Investigator: M. B. Kline, Professor of Administrative Sciences


Objective: To continue analysis of active corrective maintenancerepair time data from previous research to includenon-electronic systems as well as more recent elec-tronic systems which use advanced digital techniquessuch as digital diagnostics and built-in-test withrespect to the suitability of the lognormal or expo-nential distributions as an estimator of repair times.

Summary: Data on mechanical systems and components such ashelicopters, nuclear energy generation equipment(pumps, cooling components, extractors) and morerecent electronic systems has been collected andis currently being analyzed using various statisticaldata analysis methods. The previous research estab-lished that the lognormal distribution was a moresuitable description for repair times than the expo-nential distribution for electronic items.

Publications: M. B. Kline and R. Almog, "Suitability of theLognormal Distribution to Corrective MaintenanceRepair Times," Proceedings, Second InternationalConference on Reliability and Maintainability,Perros-Guirec, France, September 1980, pp 338-344.

Con ferencePresentations: M. B. Kline and R. Almog, "Suitability of the

Lognormal Distribution to Corrective MaintenaceRepair Times," NATO/AGARD Conference, Ankara Turkey,April 1979.

M. B. Kline and R. Almog, "Suitability of theLognormal Distribution to Corrective MaintenanceRepair Times," Second Annual Conference on Reliabil-ity and Maintainability, France, September 1980.

Thesis Directed: E. Camozu, "Analysis of Repair Time Data of SomeElectronic and Mechanical Equipments," Master'sThesis, (forthcoming).

16

t!

Title: Cost Accountini and Analysis in the GovernmentalSector

Investigator: Shu S. Liao, Associate Professor of AdministrativeSciences


Objectives: To develop the framework for a cost accountingsystem for governmental organizations by integratingprogram budgeting, output measurement, and costaccounting techniques.

Summary: Using municipal government organization as a model,this study developed methods of integrating policysetting, service, delivery, and performance evaluationin an accounting system. The primary purpose of suchan accounting system is to generate useful informationfor governmental managers and policy makers. Theaccounting system also facilitates the preparation ofan operating statement called for by the FinancialAccounting Standards Board.

Publications: Shu S. Liao, "Integrating Policysetting, ServiceDelivery, and Performance Evaluation in an AccountingSystem: A General Framework," under review forpublication in Public Administration Review.

Shu S. Liao, "Nonbusiness Financial Reporting: AnOperating Statement Approach," under review forpublication in Journal of Accounting, Auditing andFinance.

ConferencePresentation: Shu S. Liao, "A Cost Accounting System for General

Governmental Operations," Collected Abstracts of theAmerican Accounting Association's Annual Meeting,August 6-8, 1981.

17

Title: Career Transition Agenda: Identifying What isAccomplished in Adapting to a New Job

Investigator: Meryl R. Louis, Assistant Professor of AdministrativeSciences


Objective: This study is part of a continuing resea-ch programand overall aims of which are to expand our under-standings of career transitions. The current phaseof the research was designed to identify fundamentaltasks which newcomers accomplish in completingcareer transitions.

Summary: To date the research program has resulted in theformulation of: 1) a model of the cognitiveprocesses by which individuals cope with transitionexperiences; 2) a conceptual framework distinguishingamong features of transition experiences; 3) atypology of career transition situations; 4) anagenda of fundamental career transition tasks. Inaddition, a comparative analysis of alternativeorganizational practices for facilitating careertransitions was conducted. And cultural aspects oforganizational life relevant to newcomers have beendescribed, as have more general aspects of culturein organizations.

Publications: M. R. Louis, "Managing Career Transitions: A MissingLink in Career Development", Organizational Dynamics,Spring, 1982.

M. R. Louis, "A Cultural Perspective on Organizations:The Need for and Consequences of Viewing Organizationsas Culture-Bearing Milieus", Human Systems Management,Volume 2, pp 246-258, 1981.

M. R. Louis, "Organizations as Culture-Bearing Milieus",In Louis R. Pondy et al (Eds.) Organizational Symbolism,Scott-Foresman (forthcoming).

M. R. Louis, "MBA's in the Press", Wharton Magazine, pgs12-18, Fall 1981.

M. R. Louis, "Alternative Perspectives in the OrganizationalSciences: 'Inquiry from the Inside' and 'Inquiry from theOutside'", Academy of Management Review, 1981, 6, #3,385-395.

18

ConferencePresentations: M. R. Louis,"'The Emperor Has No Clothes': The Effect

of Newcomers on Work Group Culture',, presented at theWestern Academy of Management Meetings, April 1981,Monterey.

M. R. Louis, "Conversations on Organizational Culture",A symposium conducted at the Western Academy ofManagement Meetings, April 1981, Monterey.

M. R. Louis, "Managing Career Transitions: A MissingLink in Career Development", presented at the ORSA/TIMSMeetings, Colorado Springs, November 1980.

Thesis Directed: Steven Froehlich, "The Sponsor Program: FacilitatingAnticipatory Socialization for Personnel Being Trans-ferred in the United States Coast Guard", Master'sThesis, December 1980.

19

Title: Enlistment Supply Models

Investigator: George Thomas, Professor of Management and Psychology,Department of Administrative Sciences


Objective: To develop a supply model for high quality sailors.Then, to utilize the model to demonstrate a methodologyfor comparing alternative compensation policies forobtaining a required number of high quality sailors.

Summary: This research resulted in a development of a supplymodel for high quality sailors, i.e., mental groupcategories I and II, high school graduates. Theexplanatory variables were relative military pay,unemployment, number of recruiters, and the size ofthe eligible pool. Research on the demand for highquality sailors yielded data both on past accessionsof high quality sailors and current utilization ofhigh quality sailors by navy occupations. Thesupply model was used to demonstrate a methodologyfor comparing alternative compensation policies foraccessioning a required number of high qualitysailors.

Publications: G, Thomas and W. Van Doran, "The Supply of HighQuality Sailors," NPS Technical Report, (forthcoming).

Thesis Directed: W. Van Doran, "The Demand and Supply of High QualitySailors," Master's Thesis, December 1981.

20

Li

Title: Sequential Testing for Selection: Tryout on Real Data

Investigator: R. A. Weitzman, Associate Professor of Psychology


Objective: A previous study showed that sequential testingworked on Monte Carlo data--the observed matchedthe theoretical Type I and Type II selection errors.The current study extended the method to real data.

Summary: The current study simulated sequential testing onreal data consisting of the responses (correct orincorrect) of 960 Navy enlisted men to 70 items onthe Electronic Technician Selection Test. The methodsuccessfully used these responses to predict withspecified Type I and Type II selection errors per-formance on the final examination in the Basic Elec-tricity and Electronics Class A School.

Publications: R. A. Weitzman, "Sequential Testing for Selection,"(submitted for publication to Applied PsychologicalMeasurement).

R. A. Weitzman, "Sequential Testing for Selection,"NPS Technical Report, NPS54-80-013, December 1980.

21

L

Title: An Investigation into the Existence of a GeneralTheory of Intra Firm Behavior

Investigators: David Whipple, Associate Professor of Economics andSystems Analysis, Department of AdministrativeSciences and Kathy Kocher, Adjunct Professor ofEconomics, Research Investigator, Department ofAdministrative Sciences


Objective: To begin the formalization of the differences andsimilarities in discipline-specific approaches tointra organizational efficiency-based problem solvingin order to facilitate the development of moreeffective solution strategies.

Summary: Over the past few years there has been evidenced in-creasing concern over the applicability of traditionaleconomic, management, and systems analysis theoriesto problems faced by specific individual firms, orproduction entities. This has led, in part, to thedevelopment of disciplines such as organizationalbehavior which have attempted to devise solutionstrategies based on the application of highly sub-jective techniques to the specific problem environ-ment. While this may well alleviate or mitigatesome of the specific problems encountered by thatspecific firm, it unfortunately does not (or atleast, has not yet) lend itself to the formalizationof a general theory of such intra firm behaviorwhich would then be useful to ana s-T-s and policy-makers involved in decision making which may havesignificant (e.g., industry-wide) ramifications.This in turn has led to a general inability topredict and control such behavior and therefore, tothe adoption of ineffective, or worse, counter pro-ductive, "macro" policies, and to the observationthat, even if situations involve relatively homogeneous,or small numbers of, firms, policies flowing fromrigorous and correct research and analysis do notoften lead to the projected results after implemen-tation. The general plan of attack here was toanalyze representative pieces of three types ofexisting literature: traditional economics/theoryof the firm, management/organizational behavior,and an institution-specific subset, to compare andcontrast the major implications flowing from thefirst two in terms of the desire to motivate more

22

efficient behavior within typical organizations, andto develop testable hypotheses based on thisjuxtaposition.

23

DEPARTMENT

OF

OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Thtle: Operational Availability Analysis of Weapon Systemswith Finite Spares Support

Investigator: F. Russell Richards, Associate Professor of

Operations Research


Objective: To develop an algorithm for the determination ofspares allocation to support weapon systems bymaximizing the operational availability of weaponsystems subject to a budget constraint.

Summary: Mathematical results were obtained for the componentavailability at any time given any number of sparesfor support of the component. Various operationaldeployment scenarios were investigated and expres-sions derived for system availability as a functionof configuration and deployment scenario. A sparesallocation algorithm was developed. A computersimulation model was developed to explore the sensi-tivity of system availability to the various modelparameters and to allow comparison of effectivenessof the allocation procedure developed here withother allocation policies.

Publications: F. R. Richards, "Operational Availability Analysisof Weapon Systems with Finite Spares Support,"NPS Technical Report (forthcoming).

ConferencePresentations: F. R. Richards, "Operational Availability Analysis,"

Military Operations Research Society (MORS), 46thSymposium, U.S. Naval War College, Newport, RhodeIsland, 2-4 December 1980.

Thesis Directed: Pat O'Reilly, "An Evaluation of Alternative SparesStockage Policies," Thesis in progress.

IN

27

_ _

Title: Representation of Additional Operational Factors

in Combat Models

Investigator: James G. Taylor, Professor of Operations Research


Objective: To investigate how operational factors such asterrain effects, weapon-system capabilities, logis-tics constraints, etc., may be quantitativelyincluded in force-on-force combat models and toanalytically investigate how these included factorsinfluence engagement outcome in such simulated com-bat. In support of this overall objective, thecurrent state of the art for quantitative method-ology for determining numerical values for Lan-chester attrition-rate coefficients and for repre-senting various tactically relevant operationalfactors in them was to be extended. Additionally,the consequences of representing the attrition pro-cess as either a deterministic or a stochastic pro-cess was to be investigated with respect to engage-ment outcome and the structure of the optimalcombat strategies.

Summary: This research investigated the basic paradigms outof which complex operational Lanchester-type modelshave been developed through the process of modelenrichment. It focused on (I) representing opera-tional factors such as the line-of-sight process,target acquisition, weapon-system capabilities,logistics constraints, etc., in Lanchester attri-tion-rate coefficients, and (2) assessing the con-sequences of such functional representations withrespect to engagement outcomes. A simple trans-parent derivation of the expected time for a singletypical firer to kill a target was given under moregeneral conditions than previously considered inthe literature. The representation of the line-of-sight and the target-acquisition processes in Lan-chester attrition-rate coefficients was investigated.The mathematical behavior of the models thusly for-mulated was also investigated: the qualitativebehavior (including battle-outcome prediction) ofsolutions to these nonlinear Lanchester-type modelsthat consider parallel acquisition of targets wasdetermined. Other work investigated how the occur-rence of force annihilation in such simulated combatdepends on model parameters throuqh the functional

28

I Q i

dependence of the so-called modified parity-conditionparameter on its argument for a particular importantclass of Lanchester-type equations for modern warfare.Force-annihilation-prediction conditions were alsodeveloped for Lanchester-type equations of modernwarfare in which an important type of logistics con-straint (limited ammunition) has been incorporated intothe attrition-rate coefficients. Finally, the conse-quences of representing such a Lanchester-type attri-tion process as either a deterministic process or astochastic one was investigated with respect to engage-ment outcome and optimal combat strategies. In partic-ular, the structure of the optimal time-sequentialfire-distribution policy obtained for a deterministicLanchester-type attrition model was compared with thatfor a stochastic one.

Publications: J. G. Taylor, "Analysis of the Functional Dependenceof the Modified Parity-Condition Parameter on ItsArgument for an Important Class of Lanchester-TypeEquations for Modern Warfare," International Journalof Systems Science, (forthcoming).

J. G. Taylor, "A Simple Derivation of an Expressionfor the Lanchester Attrition-Rate Coefficient for'Aimed-Fire' Combat," submitted to Journal of theFranklin Institute.

J. G. Taylor, "Annihilation Prediction for Lanchester-Type Models of Modern Warfare with Logistics Con-straints," submitted to Mathematical Modelling.

J. G. Taylor and R. L. Powers, "Comparison of OptimalTime-Sequential Fire-Distribution Policies Determinedfrom Deterministic and Stochastic Lanchester-TypeCombat Models," submitted to Computers and OperationsResearch.

J. G. Taylor, "Qualitative Behavior of Solutions toSome Nonlinear Lanchester-Type Models that ConsiderParallel Acquisition of Targets," submitted to Inter-national Journal of Systems Science.

Conference J. G. Taylor, "Survey of Stochastic Lanchester-TypePresentation: Models," ORSA/TIMS Joint National Meeting, Houston,

Texas, 13 October 1981.

29

Theses Directed: G. K. Jenkins, "Decomposition of AttritionProcesses in Hierarchical Models," Master's Thesis,June 1981.

S. D. Park, "An Operational Lanchester-Type Modelof Small-Unit Amphibious Operations," Master'sThesis, September 1981.

30

DEPARTMENT

OF

NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS

Title: United States Policy Toward Conflict in Africa

Investigator: Michael Clough, Adjunct Professor ofNational Security Affairs


Objective: To examine the role of the United States in theresolution of revolutionary conflicts in Africa.

Summary: To date, this research has involved tracing theevolution of political conflicts in Rhodesia andNamibia. It has used a loose bargaining model toidentify major shifts in the nature of these con-flicts and to isolate the specific effect of UnitedStates policy in relation to these shifts. Initialstudies have begun to expand the scope of thisresearch to cover the Angolan Civil War and theAlgerian revolution.

Publications: M. Clough, "From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe," in M. Clough(ed.) Political Change in Southern Africa, Instituteof International Studies, University of California,Berkeley, (forthcoming).

M. Clough, "From Southwest Africa to Namibia," in M.Clough fed.) Political Change in Southern Africa,Institute of International Studies, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, (forthcoming).

M. Clough, "Why Carrots Alone Won't Work," AfricanIndex, June 30, 1981.

M. Clough, "Namibia 1981?" African Index, December17, 1980.

33

ft€

Title: Cry Wolf Effects

Investigator: Katherine L. Herbig, Adjunct Professor of NationalSecurity Affairs


Objective: To investigate the phenomena labeled "cry wolfeffects," i.e., repeated exposure to alarms whichprove false, and the psychological impact such apattern has on military readiness and response.

Summary: A survey of the literature on warning and strategicsurprise revealed a variety of situations labeled"cry wolf effect." These were compared and ana-lyzed; historical instances were discussed in thelight of four psychological concepts relevant tothe problem: availability, expectancy, desensitiza-tion, and decision-making process.

Publication: Katherine L. Herbig, "The Cry Wolf Effects," NPSTechnical Report (forthcoming).

ConferencePresentation: Katherine L. Herbig, "The Cry Wolf Effect on Mili-

tary Surprise," International Studies AssociationConference, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 1981.

34

A-i

Title: Analysis of Mexican Growth Alternatives

Investigators: Robert Looney, Associate Professor of NationalSecurity Affairs, principal investigator and PeterC. Frederiksen, Associate Professor, DefenseResources Management Education Center


Objective: The major objective is to develop an optimal control-type macro-economic model of the Mexican economyfrom which a series of forecasts of the Mexicaneconomy will be made under different assumptionsconcerning oil revenues.

Sumary: The macro-economic model of twenty-six structuralequations has been developed. These are determinedby two stage least squares estimations for annualdata covering the period 1951-1980. All in allthere are thirty-eight endogenous and exogenousvariables from which the model is constructed.

Preliminary optimal control analysis has beenmade of the expenditure of oil revenues by theMexican Government over the period 1976-1979. Awelfare loss function was selected that optimizedgrowth with inflation setting a limit on the rateof expansion of the economy. Preliminary resultsindicate that the economy has not been able toeffectively absorb the oil revenues and that aconsiderable amount of waste has resulted from thegovernment's past patterns of expenditures in thesense that much of the oil receipts have in effectbeen used to finance imports.

Forecasts are now under way to determine the optimalrate of oil depletion under various assumptions asto international oil prices. Preliminary resultsindicate that it will be possible within aconstraint on inflation for the government to gra-dually expand the rate of oil production from about2.75 million barrels per day in 1980 to about 5.8million barrels per day in 1990 without incurringexcessive rates of inflation. In general it isassumed that at least half of this production willbe exported to the United States.

A series of policy implications is being drawn forU. S. policy makers.

35

Publication: R. Looney, Development Alternatives for Mexico(Praeger Publishers: New York, New York, forthcoming).

36

Title: South Korean Nationalism: Roots, Impact, andProspects

Investigator: E. A. Olsen, Adjunct Professor, National Security

Affairs

Sponsor: 'NPS Foundation Research Program

Objective: To determine the role of South Korean nationalismin shaping the Park Chung-hee and Chun u-hwangovernments and how it is being modified today.

Summary: A survey of the relevant literature was made, sup-plemented by interviews with several Korean academicauthorities and American academic and governmentalspecialists on Korea. Several distinct patterns inthe growth of South Korean nationalism became evi-dent: a formative stage, a separatist stage, anation-building stage, and a utilitarian stage.Over these stages South Korean nationalism evolvedfrom a "cause" to a "result."

Publications: E. A. Olsen, "The Political Implications of ResourceScarcity on the Korean Peninsula," Korean Observer(December 1981), pp. 395-405.It also will be published in a book co-edited bythe investigator and Professor Y.S. Yim, due inearly 1982.

E. A. Olsen, "South Korean Nationalism," Pacific:ommunity (forthcoming).

ConferencePresentation: E. A. Olsen, "The Political Implications of Resource

Scarcity on the Korean Peninsula," American PoliticalScience Association Annual Meeting, New York,September 1981.

37

Title: Soviet Decisionmaking for the National Security

Investigator: J. Valenta, Associate Professor and Coordinatorof Soviet and East European Studies, NSAW. Potter, Assistant Director, CSIS, UCLA


Summary: The joint work to complete a manuscript based onthe conference sponsored by the NPS/UCLA has beencompleted. The chapters have been updated andedited. The editors wrote the introduction andconclusion. The major findings of the book supportthe hypothesis about the complex nature of Sovietdecisionmaking for national security often circum-spected by the specific political culture and some-times by the bureaucratic and organizational in-terests of the people involved.

Publications: J. Valenta and W. Potter, eds., Soviet NationalSecurity Decisionmakinq (London: Allen and UnwinPublishers), (forthcoming).

J. Valenta, "From Prague to Kabul: The Soviet Styleof Invasion," International Security, Fall 1980, pp.114-141.

ConferencePresentations: J. Valenta and S. Butler, "Soviet Interests in

Southwest Asia," Strategic Institute, U.S. ArmyWar College, October 15-16, 1981.

Thesis Directed: M. Hesson, "Demographic, Economic and Ethnic Factorsand the Soviet Armed Forces," Master's Thesis,September 1981.

38

Title: French and Soviet Perspectives on Theater NuclearPolicy and Arms Control

Investigator: David S. Yost, Assistant Professor of National

Security Affairs


Objective: Advance understanding of NATO interests and percep-tions regarding probable theater nuclear arms con-trol negotiations.

Summary: The first phase of this project (Summer 1980) focusedprimarily on France (in the context of NATO Europein general), while the second phase (Winter 1981)focused on the Soviet Union and the probable contentand course of imminent theater nuclear arms controlnegotiations. The research clarified West Europeanand Soviet interests and perceptions regarding SALTII and SALT III issues, and reached conclusions asto U.S. policy alternatives.

Publications: D.S. Yost, "Beyond SALT II: European Security andthe Prospects for SALT III," in Orbis, 24 (Fall,1980), 625-655.

D.S. Yost, "SALT and European Security," in D.S.Yost, ed., NATO's Strategic Options: Arms Controland Defense (New York: Pergamon Press, 1981).

D.S. Yost, Der SALT-Prozess und die sicherheitspo-litische Lage Westeuropas (Sankt Augustin/Bonn,Federal Republic of Germany: Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation, 1980).

D.S. Yost, European Security and the SALT Process,Washington Paper no. 85 (Beverly Hills and London:Sage Publications, 1981), series sponsored byGeorgetown University's Center for Strategic andInternational Studies.

39

ConferencePresentations: D.S. Yost, "SALT, Strategic Doctrine, and Strategic

Forces in the Light of Soviet Force Programs,"20th anniversary conference of the Inter-UniversitySeminar on Armed Forces and Society, University ofChicago, October 23-25, 1980.

D.S. Yost, "National Outlooks on Security Issues inWestern Europe," Naval Air Systems conference onNational Security and Foreign Affairs in the 1980s,Annapolis, Maryland, December 7-10, 1980.

Theses Directed: T.C. Glad, "Theater Nuclear Force Modernization asan Issue in West German Politics, 1977-1980,"Master's Thesis, December 1980.

M. Helgeson, "Domestic Determinants of AmericanStrategic Nuclear Doctrine, 1965-1980," Master's,Thesis, December 1980.

G. Caughey, "Naval Implications of the StrategicArms Limitation Talks," Master's Thesis, December1980.

M. Carr, "The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament inBritain 1958-1964 and 1979-1981: Apparent Impactson Britain's Contribution to NATO," Master's Thesis.June 1981.

I4D

DEPARTMENT

OF

PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY

Title. Classical Trajectory Studies of Low EnergyIon Impact Mechanisms on Clean and ReactedSingle Crystal Surfaces

Investigators: Don E. Harrison, Jr., Professor of Physics,and Roger P. Webb, Post Doctoral Associate,with K. E. Foley, B.J. Garrison and N.Winograd, Pennsylvania State University

Sponsor: National Science Foundation and NPS Found-ation Research Program (collaborators haveseparate support).

Objectives: Continue study of the effects produced whenions bombard clean and chemically reactedsingle crystal metal surfaces to understandmechanisms and coordinate with experimentalinvestigations.

Summary: Classical trajectory simulations havedeveloped to the point that it is feasibleto model the cascade produced by an ionimpact event. The ability to follow eachindividual atom in the cascade leadsnaturally to pictorial interpretations of asingle sputtering event. Statisticalanalysis of data produces numbers which canbe directly compared to the experimentaldata. The model computations are doneusing single crystal targets oriented toexpose the low index surfaces. Researcheffort this year has establised thatmany atom ejection effects normally attrib-uted to the ion mass are actually caused bythe ion's size. The influence of the atom-atom potential also has been studied. Itappears possible to obtain useful atom-atompotential functions by comparing simulationresults to experimental data. Small massratio, heavy target atoms, lead to a largerfraction of high energy ejected atoms.

Publications: N. Winograd, K. E. Foley, B. J. Garrisonand D. E. Harrison, Jr., "Evidence for aRecombination Mechanism of Cluster Emissionfrom Ion Bombarded Metal Surfaces," PhysicsLetters 73A(3) (1979) 253-55.

43

D. E. Harrison, Jr., "Atom Ejection Studiesby Classical Trajectory Simulation," AIPConference Proceedings No. 61, Aspects ofthe Kinetics and Dynamics of SurfaceReactions (La Jolla Institute- 1979 ed. U.Landman, American Institute of Physics, NewYork, 1980, pp 307-18.

D. E. Harrison, Jr., B. J. Garrison and N.Winograd "Atom Ejection Mechanisms andModels," Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry:SIMS II, ed. A. Benninghoven, et. al.,Springer-Verlag New York (1979) pp 12-14.

B. J. Garrison, N. Winograd and D. E.Harrison, Jr., "Classical Trajectory Calcu-lations of the Energy Distribution ofEjected Atoms from Ion Bombarded SingleCrystals," Surface Science 87, (1979)101-111.

D. E. Harrison, Jr., "Full Lattice Simu-lations of Atom Ejection Mechanisms,"Proceedings: Symposium on Sputtering,Frchtoldsdorf/Vienna, Austria, April 2830,1980, ed. P. Varga, et. al., pp 36- 61.(unpublished).

44

Aj

Title. Spectroscopic Data Center Compilation ot

Atomic Energy Levels

Investigator: Raymond L. Kelly, Professor of Physics


Objective: To produce a useful, comprehensive, andsemi-critical compilation ot atomic energylevels, based on publications listing spectrumlines. The compilation is to be available toa large community of users, and is to beupdated regularly on a continuing basis.

Summary: The initial phase of the compilation has beencompleted for the first 24 elements, Hydrogenthrough Chromium, for all stages of ioniza-tion. Such information makes possible classi-fication of unidentified lines from plasmasources and in solar spectra, as well as theprediction of other lines (valuable in laserphysics).

Publication: Raymond L. Kelly, "The Atomic Energy Levels ofIron," NPS Technical Report, NPS61-81-026,June 1981.

45

I I I I I I I III I I I I I " I l I j

JY

Title: Experimental Investigation of ElectromagneticInterference Zones during Ducting Conditions

Investigator: G. E. Schacher, Professor of Physics

Sponsor: NPS Foundation Research Program and Naval OceanSystems Center

Objective: Investigate the interference pattern produced bymultimode propagation in an atmospheric electro-magnetic duct.

Summary: During September, 1980 signal strength measurementswere performed over a 150 nmi range on Monterey Bayfor a two week period. An aircraft carried a UHFtransmitter and the receiver was located on Pt. Pinos.The aircraft had a complete suite of meteorologicalsensors so that the properties of the atmosphere weredetermined. Non-monatonic variations of signalstrength with range were detected. The coupling ofelectromagnetic energy into the duct when the trans-mitter was outside its boundaries was found to belarger than predicted. Analysis of the data is pro-ceeding.

.1

46

Title: Plasma Surface Interaction

Investigator: F. Schwirzke, Associate Professorof Physics and Chemistry


Objective: To investigate unipolar arc damage ofseveral materials, including stainlesssteel and TiC

Summary: Plasma-surface effects are of importanceduring the operation of high power plasmafacilities like beam weapons, some highpower lasers, high power x-ray generators,high power switches and controlledthermonuclear fusion devices, when materialsurfaces are exposed to particle and photonfluxes from a hot plasma. Such exposurecauses surface damage via physical andchemical sputtering, evaporation and uni-polar arcing. The last one, arcingrepresents one of the most damagingplasma-surface interaction processes. Arccraters produced by plasma surface contactwere detected wittT the scanning electronmicroscope on a stainless steel surfacewhich was exposed to the plasma produced bya Q-switched Laser pulse. The laser pro-duced plasma with an electron temperatureof about 100 eV expands rapidly from thefocal spot on the target surface in normaland in radial direction. Although noexternal voltage is applied, about 20,000unipolar arc craters are observable on thestainless steel surface which was exposedto the radially expanding plasma for theshort time of a few hundred nanoseconds.The size of the arc craters become smallerwith increasing distance from the focalspot. This evidence shows that a laserproduced plasma can be used to studyplasma-surface effects. A new unipolar arcmodel has been developed.

47

i III ql Il I - "

Publications: F. Schwirzke and R. J. Taylor, "Surface Damage bySheath Effects and Unipolar Arcs," Journal of NuclearMaterials, 94 & 95 (1980) 780.

F. Schwirzke, R. F. Bunshah and R. J. Taylor,"Observation of Unipolar Arc Damage on StainlessSteel," Thin Solid Films, 83 (1981) 117.

Conference F. Schwirzke, "Unipolar Arcing," Invited Paper, 1981Presentations: IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science,

Santa Fe, NM, May 18-20, 1981.

F. Schwirzke, J. H. Barker III, M. T. Keville, R. W.Lautrup, R. J. Rush, and R. J. Taylor, "Unipolar ArcStudies on Selected Materials," 1981 IEEE Internat;.aConference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, May 18-2,3,1981.

F. Ryan and F. Schwirzke, "The Role of Grain Boundariesin Cold Cathode Arc Initiation," 1981 IEEE Internation-al Conference on Plasma Science, Santa Fe, NM, May 18-20, 1981.

F. Schwirzke, R. F. Bunshah and R. J. Taylor,"Observation of Unipolar Arc Damage on StainlessSteel and TiC Coatings on Stainless Steel," Interna-tional Conference on Metallurigical Coatings, SanFrancisco, CA, April 6-10, 1981.

F. Schwirzke, "Unipolar Arcs," NATO Advanced StudyInstitute on Electrical Breakdown and Discharges inGases, Les Arcs, France, June 28-July 10, 1981.

Theses Directed: J. H. Barker III and R. J. Rush, "An Investigation ofPlasma-Surface Interactions on Selected Conductors andInsulators," Master's Thesis, December 1980.

F. T. Ryan and S. T. Shedd, "A Study of the UnipolarArcing Damage Mechanism on Selected Conductors andSemiconductors," Master's Thesis, June I9R1.

M. H. Beelby and H. G. Ulrich, "A Study of theBreakdown Mechanism of AISI 304 Stainless Steel, AISI2024 Aluminum and Various Titanium Coatings," Master'sThesis, December 1981.

48

j4

Title: Measurement of Underwater Acoustic NoiseDue to Surf Phenomena

Investigators: 0. B. Wilson, Professor of Physics, and H. A.

Dahl, Assistant Professor of Physics


Objective: To determine by means of a steerablereceiving array the horizontal anisotropyof ambient noise in Monterey Bay under avariety of sea conditions and ranges fromshore.

Summary: This was a continuation of the ambientnoise directionality measurements in Mon-terey Bay begun in a previous year. As inthe earlier work the measurements were madeusing Difar sonobuoys were modified toextend their lifetimes to periods of sever-al days. The modified buoys, however, didnot prove to be entirely reliable, oftenfailing within a period of a few hours.Computer programs were written to facili-tate the measurement and graphic recordingof sonobuoy sensitivities prior to deploy-ment in the water. Computer programs thatprocess real time noise data and plot theresults as normal, surf conditions in thespring and summer, showed significant anis-otropy in the ambient noise, being as muchas 10 dB more pronounced in the shorewarddirection, for ranges out to 15 km from thebeach in the frequency band of 20 Hz to 700Hz.

49

Title: Underwater Acoustic Noise Due To Surf Pheno-mena

Investigators: 0. B. Wilson, Professor of Physics, and Har-vey A. Dahl, Assistant Professor of Physics,Department of Physics and Chemistry, StephenN. Wolf, Naval Research Laboratory

Sponsor: NPS Foundation Program and Naval Sea SystemsCommand

Objective: To determine whether surf generated noise isa significant component of the shallow waterambient noise. This is a continuation ofwork started in FY 1980.

Summary: Horizontal directionality of ambient noisewas measured at ranges up to 15 km from theeastern shore of Monterey Bay, California.Water depths at the sites ranged from 8 to175 m. A steerable cardioid receivingpattern was formed using signals telemeteredfrom dipole and omnidirectional hydrophonessuspended from tethered buoys. With nonearby shipping, whenever the maximum of thecardioid pattern was directed toward thebeach, noise levels in the range 20 to asmuch as 700 Hz were greater than thoseobtained when the maximum was directed sea-ward. This difference or anisotropy (sea-ward vs. shoreward), which depended on rangefrom the beach and on frequency, was 10 dBat 300 Hz at the 9 km site during very heavysurf. Surf beat was clearly audible whenthe cardioid maximum was steered shorewardat ranges as great as 2 km. During heavysurf, the ambient noise levels increasedsignificantly in the same frequency range atwhich the anisotropy is evident. Also, thespectrum levels at these same frequenciesdecreased with increasing range from shore.The anisotropy diminished both in magnitudeand in frequency range with lower waveheight but was still observable during verylight surf. The evidence is very strongthat when wind and surf are high, breakingsurf can contribute significantly to ambientnoise in fairly deep continental shelfwaters.

50

Publications: A manuscript for a Technical Report is in

preparation. These results will also besubmitted to the Journal of the AcousticalSociety of America for publication as apaper.

ConferencePresentations; The results will be reported at the December

1981 meeting of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica. Results of work in 1980 werepresented at a similar meeting in Nov 1980.

Thesis Directed: J. Gagliardi, "Measurements of HorizontalDirectionality of Ambient Noise in MontereyBay", J. Gagliardi, Master's Thesis, Dec1981.

51

DEPARTMENT

OF

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

L . I;

Title: Millimeter Wave Transmission Media

Investigator: Jeffrey B. Knorr, Associate Professor of Electrical

Engineering


Objective: To determine the characteristics of transmission

media for millimeter wave integrated circuits

including propagation, discontinuities and circuits.

Summary: An analysis of wave propagation on fin-lines has

been completed and the reactance of a shorting sep-

tum in fin-line has been determined. Numerical and

experimental studies of other fin-line discontinui-

ties and circuits are in progress.

Publications: J. B. Knorr & P. M. Shayda, "Millimeter Wave Fin-Line

Characteristics," IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory

and Techniques, Vol. MTT-28, pp 737-743, July 1980.

J. B. Knorr, "Equivalent Reactance of a Shorting Sep-

tum in a Fin-Line: Theory and Experiment," IEEE

Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.

MTT-29, pp 1196-1202, November 1981.

Theses Directed: P. M. Shayda, "Spectral Domain Analysis of Fin-Line,"

Master's Thesis, December 1979.

G. Miller, "An Experimental Investigation of Some

Fin-Line Discontinuities," Master's Thesis, December

1980.

S. Vlachos, "Equivalent Circuit Models for Some Fin-

Line Discontinuities," Master's Thesis, June 1981.

55

Title: Radar Target Identification via Time-DomainScattering Signatures

Investigators: Michael Morgan, Assistant Professor of ElectricalEngineering and Michael Hamid, Adjunct Professorof Electrical Engineering


Objective: The long-range goal of this investigation is toestablish the feasibility of developing advancedradar systems which are capable of target discrimi-nation and classification via transient time-domainscattering returns. To achieve this objective, acomprehensive research program has been establishedin transient scattering, both from the aspects ofanalysis-computation and experimental modeling meas-urements.

Summary: Using the transient scattering laboratory, which wasdesigned and constructed during the first year ofthis effort, the resonance region imaging of axisym-metric metallic targets was successfully demonstrated.By way of digital signal processing techniques it waspossible to synthesize the ramp scattering responsesof the targets which are, in turn, directly relatedto the projected images of the targets. The outputof the processed measurement of target scattering isa facsimile image of the target. This technique pro-vides an in-depth image and even allows viewing theback side of the target.

ConferencePresentation: M. A. Morgan, "Data Acquisition & Processing in

Transient Scattering Measurements," 1981 IEEE/AP-SSymposium, Los Angeles, CA, June 1981.

Thesis Directed: C. Hammond, "The Development of a Bistatic Electro-magnetic Scattering Laboratory," Master's Thesis,

December 1980.

!M. Morag, "Radar Target Imaging by Time-DomainInverse Scattering," Master's Thesis, March 1981.

L. Sorrentino, "Radar Target Imagery via TransientResponse Processing," Master's Thesis, June 1981.

56

Title: Digital Signal Processing

Investigator: S. R. Parker, Professor of Electrical Engineering, andY. C. Lim, Research Associate


Objective: The development of efficient algorithms and numericaltechniques for digital filters, signal processing, andsystem modeling.

Summary: New results have been achieved for the efficientdesign of finite impulse response digital filters withdiscrete coefficients based upon a L.M.S. criteria,and finite wordlength FIR filter design using integerprogramming over a discrete coefficient space.

Publications: Y. C. Lim and S. R. Parker, "A Discrete CoefficientFIR Digital Filter Design Based Upon L.M.S. Criteria,"IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, (forthcoming).

Y. C. Lim and S. R. Parker, "Finite Wordlength FIRFilter using Integer Programming Over a Discrete Coef-ficient Space," IEEE Trans. on Accoustics Speech andSignal Processing, (forthcoming).

ConferencePresentations: Y. C. Lim and S. R. Parker, "Digital Lattice Filter

Design using a Frequency Domain Modeling Approach,"1982 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing, (forthcoming).

Y. C. Lim, T. Constantinides, and S. R. Parker,"Passband Gain Centering in Discrete Coefficient ValueFIR Filter Design," 1982 IEEE International Conferenceon Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, (forthcoming).

Y. C. Lim and S. R. Parker, "Discrete Coefficient FIRDigital Filter Design using a L.M.S. Criteria," 1982IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,(forthcoming).

Thesis Directed: I. K. Chang, "The Application of Adaptive Techniquesfor the Design of Digital Filters with Discrete Coef-ficients," Master's Thesis, (forthcoming).

57

DEPARTMENT

OF

METEOROLOGY

Title: .1 Synoptic Study of Summer Monsoon Depressions

Investigators: C. P. Chang, Associate Professor of Meteorology, andK. R. Saha, Senior Research Associate


Objective: To study the structure and development processes ofthe summer monsoon depressions in the vicinity of theBay of Bengal.

Summary: The diagnostic analysis of two depressions with quitedifferent orgins show many basic similarities in struc-ture and development. They both have a baroclinicstructure with well-defined warm and cold sectors, thelatter being situated to the east of the former in aregion where the thermal wind is easterly throughoutthe troposphere. The axis of the depression tiltteastward with height. In a developing depression,the geopotential and the temperature fields differ inphase such that warm advection from the north occursto the west of the depression center and cold advec-tion from the south to the east. There is also strongconvergence to the west and divergence to the east ofthe depression center in the lower troposphere, andvice versa in the upper troposphere. Thus a divergentsecondary circulation exists in the zonal verticalplane with warm air rising to the west and cold airsinking to the east. Computed perturbation verticalvelocity, which is in good agreement with the distri-bution of satellite-observed clouds, and relativedivergence (divergence at 200 mb-divergence at 850 mb)show that there is marked increase in upward motionand relative divergence in the southwest sector duringthe period of development. A decrease in verticalzonal wind shear (U200-U850 ) in the depression area is

also noted, apparently a result of the effects of thefinite amplitude baroclinic depression. Intensity andmovement of the depressions are found to be stronglyinfluenced by thermal advection from mid-latitude dis-turbances moving across central Asia and China. Warmadvection from these disturbances to the west of thedepression center favors development and accelerateswestward movement of the depression whereas cold ad-vection inhibits development and retards the movement.

Publications: K. R. Saha, and C. P. Chang, "On the Structure andDevelopment of Monsoon Depressions," Submitted to theMonthly Weather Review.

61

Title: The Role of the Ocean in Extratropical Cyclone Evolution

Investigator: Russell L. Elsberry, Professor of Meteorology


Objective: The purpose of this research is to improve our under-standing of the role of the air-sea fluxes in theextratropical cyclone evolution. A study of thecyclone and its environment will be carried out in anumerical model by systematically introducing theair-sea fluxes.

Sumary: The approach in these experiments is to systematicallyadd or subtract physical processes in the numericalmodel. The resulting effect on the development,maintenance and movement of the extratropical cyclonesover the ocean is being studied from the history filesof the computer runs. The wavelength of the cyclones in

the diabatic model runs is only half that found inthe adiabatic model results. Diagnostic interpretationsusing the Petterson Development equation have been madewith the atmospheric model results. Future experiments

will involve the use of a finer-resolution atmosphericmodel to study cyclogenesis in polar air streams overthe ocean and over land.

ConferencePresentations: S. A. Sandgathe and R. L. Elsberry, "An Unsolved

Problem--What Factors Produce Ocean Cyclogenesis,"Proceedings Symposium on Current Problems of WeatherPrediction, Publication 253, Zentral Anstalt furMeteorologie and Geodynamik, Vienna, Austria, 34-37.

Theses Directed: S. A. Sandgathe, "A Numerical Study of the Role of Air-

Sea Fluxes in Extratropical Cyclogenesis," Ph.D.Dissertation, September 1981.

62

I I I I I I , i -

Title: Diagnostics of Oceanic Extratropical Cyclones

Investigator: C. H. Wash, Assistant Professor of Meteorology


Objective: To transfer and develop a variety of limited area diagnosticprograms for the study of both observed and numerically-simulated extratropical cyclone studies and to apply thesetechniques to the study of oceanic cyclogenesis.

Summary: During FY 81 the limited area quasi-Lagrangian budget pro-grams were converted to NPS IBM 3033 system. Mass andangular momentum programs are complete with associated inter-polation and utility programs while development in circula-tion and kinetic energy routines was initiated. Data from theFirst Global GARP Experiment of an intense oceanic cyclonewere obtained and a mass budget study for the February 11-19,1979 'President's Day Storni' completed.

Publication: C. Wash with L. Uccellini and P. Kocin, "An Analysis of JetStreak Interaction in the President's Day Storm," February 17-18, lgTg . Submitted to Monthly Weather Review.

Theses Directed: Don Roman, "Application of Quasi-Lagrangian Diagnosticsand FGGE Data in a Study of East-Coast Cyclogenesis",Master's Thesis, September 1981.

63

DEPARTMENT

OF

AERONAUTICS

Title: Aerodynamic Stabilization of Gaseous Discharges

Investigator: Oscar Biblarz, Associate Professor of Aeronautics


Objectives: The main objective is to define practical aero-dynamic means for stabilizing discharges ofinterest for electrical lasers, plasma-chemicaldevices, etc. Particular objectives is to comparedischarge geometries as a function of flow veloc-ity and of turbulence. This is a part of a con-tinuing program.

Summary: The cross flow geometry shows interesting phenomenawhen compared to the parallel flow. A multiplicityof precursors to breakdown can be .itnessedtogether with glow regions that charge as a functionof current. A downstream cathode has been used toobserve current convection.

Publications: J. L. Barto, "Study of Gas Dynamic Effects on Non-Equilibrium, High-Pressure, Electric Discharges,"NPS Report NPS 67-80-005, August 1980.

Conference J. L. Barto and 0. Biblarz, "Gasdynamic Inter-Presentations: actions in Non-Uniform High Pressure Discharge,"

33rd Gaseous Electronics Conference, Norman,Oklahoma, October 7-10, 1980.

0. Biblarz, "Some Aspects of AerodynamicStabilization of Gaseous Discharges," 1981 IEEEInternational Conference on Plasma Science,Santa Fe, New Mexico, May 18-20, 1981.

Thesis Directed: J. W. Wainionpaa, "Electric Discharge Inter-action in Parallel and Cross-Flow Electric Fields,"Master's Thesis, September 1981.

67

Title: Study of Basic Mechanisms that Lead to Arcing

Investigator: Oscar Biblarz, Associate Professor of Aeronautics


Objective: The main objective is to study the basic mechanismsthat lead to arcing in laser discharges and todevelop a discharge model which will aid in theprediction of discharge conditions. This is a newdirection for a continuing project.

Summary: Arcing or glow collapse severely limits high energylaser performance even in the ionizer/sustainerdischarge. This arcing may be caused by a varietyof conditions. Using a two-dimensional model forthe anode, we have established that Joule heatingis not significant for common flush times in pulsedmolecular lasers. We are presently looking at amodel for unipolar arcing.

Publications: 0. Biblarz, R. E. Ball, and S. T. Van Brocklin,"Electrode Boundary Layers in Dense, Diffuse Plasma,"NPS Report No. NPS67-80-011, March 1980. AFWAL-TR-80-2088, October 1980.

S. T. Van Brocklin and 0. Biblarz, "The PlasmaBoundary Layer Over a Positive Electrode," IEEETransactions of Plasma Science--Decision pending.

Conference S. T. Van Brocklin and 0. Biblarz, "Plasma BoundaryPresentation: Layer Over a Positive Electrode," 34th Annual Gaseous

Electronics Conference, Boston, MA, October 20-23,1981.

Thesis Directed: S. T. Van Brocklin, "A Computer Analysis of thePlasma-Boundary Layer Behavior Over a Positive Elec-trode," Aeronautical Engineer Thesis, June 1981.

68

Title: Multi-Stage Compressor Study

Investigator: Dr. Raymond P. Shreeve, Director, TurbopropulsionLaboratory, Department of Aeronautics


Objective: To reblade and instrument a 1 .,- 3-stage axialcompressor and carry out basel',ne measurements ofthe performance of newly designed "symmetrical"blading. The purpose is to enable a study which isaimed to reduce the sensitivity of current com-pressor designs to tip gap variations.

Summary: The compressor is 36 inches O.D. with a cylindricalflow path 7.2 inches high. The compressor was re-bladed first with IGV's, single stage and EGV's.Techniques for grinding and individually settingblades to uniform .001" tip gap were developed.The blades were of cast epoxy. Failure of someblading occurred from contact with a survey proberequiring new blades to be cast and installed.Preliminary measurements of the flow field and com-plete stage performance at 1200 RPM were completedand the conclusions from this phase of the programwere documented. Composite construction to stiffenand strengthen the rotor blades will be used inblade designs required for the tip clearance studyand different approaches are currently under study.

Publications: I. Moyle, "Progress Report - Multistage AxialCompressor Program on Tip Clearance Effects,"NPS Contractor Report, NPS67-81-OICR, August 1981.

I. Moyle, "Multistage Compressor - Survey ofLiterature on Tip Clearance and Blade Tip FlowEffects in Axial Turbomachines," NPS TechnicalNote, TPL TN 81-01, September 1981.

I. Moyle, "Multistage Compressor - BladeAeromechanical Design," NPS Technical Note, TPL TN81-02, September 1981.

I. Moyle, "Multistage Compressor - Fabrication ofMolds and Casting of Epoxy Blades," NPS TechnicalNote, TPL TN 81-03, September 1981.

69

-4

Title: Numerical Modeling of the Flow in Transonic AxialCompressors

Investigators: R. P. Shreeve, Director, Turbopropulsion Laboratory,and S. Eidelman, Research Associate, Department ofAeronautics


Objective: To develop a computer code which solves efficientlyand accurately the transonic flow between the bladesof a turbocompressor.

Summary: As the first step in the code development, a programwhich solves the basic Reimann problem was written.The effectiveness of the program was checked. Theprogram will be used in the coming months by theTurbopropulsion Laboratory as a tool for wave engineanalysis. Using the Riemann problem solver, a two-dimensional code was developed, which solved theproblem of the shock wave propagating through a tube.Next the code was extended to solve the problem ofthe transonic flow in a tube containing one or tworectangular obstacles. This test problem showedthat in order to complete the initially proposedresearch we will need to include three additionalmodifications; namely, (a) a multigrid solution;(b) solution in body fitted coordinates, and (c) ap-plication of the radiation boundary conditions forthe subsonic in and out flow. The modification (a)has already been made, and work on modification (b)is currently in progress. Analytical work on calcu-lation of the critical energy for direct initiationof detonation was finished and results of the workwere reported in a paper entitled "A Method of Cal-culation of the Critical Energy for Direct Initia-tion of Unconfined Detonation." The paper wassubmitted for publication to Combustion Science andTechnology.

Publications: S. Eidelman, "Model of Dfrector Initiation of Uncon-fined Detonations," NPS Contractor Report, NPS67-81-02CR, March 1981.

70

Title: Very High Reaction Turbines

Investigator: Dr. Raymond P. Shreeve, Director, TurbopropulsionLaboratory, Department of Aeronautics


Objective: To investigate analytically and experimentally thepotential of two proposed very high reaction tur-bines of original design.

Summary: An unusually simple geometry of gas turbine rotorhas been proposed to ONR and other agencies. Cal-culations of the potential performance of the geometryand tests of a small prototype are planned in orderto provide an assessment of the potential. A secondsuggestion to obtain high energy conversion effi-ciencies using staged detonative combustion withina series of rotors of particular design is also beingexamined.

71

DEPARTMENT

OF

OCEANOGRAPHY

Title: Real-Time Ocean Profiling and Modeling inMonterey Bay

Investigator: C. N. K. Mooers, Professor and Chairman, Departmentof Oceanography


Objectives: Develop a predictive capability for surface mixedlayer and seasonal thermocline phenomena basedupon a one-dimensional model and real-time, verti-cal orofiles of temperature, salinity, horizontalvelocity, and sound speed, together with coastalwind data.

Summary: This project makes use of an antonomous profilingcurrent meter system called the Cyclesonde. OneCyclesonde is on indefinite loan from NAVOCEANO;another was procured by NPS, and it was receivedat NPS in the summer of 1981. Both Cyclesondeshave been put through shakedown exercises, eitherat the end of Monterey Say or in Carmel Canyon.The Monterey Bay station has been run in thetelemetry mode, with RF signals received and de-coded at Spanagel Hall. This project has allowedprocurement of the telemetry system and spareparts, and it has supported marine technician timefor field testing and computer programmer time forsoftware development. All phases of the systemhave been exercised, including data processingthrough to data archives on the IBM 3033. Cur-rently, the instruments are undergoing refurbish-ment and modification with the manufacturer.

75

Title: Studies of Oceanographic Conditions Near theMarginal Sea-Ice Zone

Investigators: Robert G. Paquette, Professor, Department ofOceanography

David C. Smith IV, Adjunct Professor, Departmentof Oceanography


Objectives: Produce a numerical model of water circulation inthe Chukchi Sea in general and near the sea-icemargin in particular.

Sunnary: A previous "Gulf Stream Ring Model" has been con-verted to run on the NPS 3033 Computer. Themodel is now being adapted to simulate the ChukchiSea.

76

Title: Acoustic Variability Experiment

Investigators: E. B. Thornton, Professor, Department ofOceanography.

T. P. Stanton, Adjunct Professor, Departmentof Oceanography.


Objective: Investigation of the phase and amplitude modula-tion of sound propagating through the upperlayers of the ocean.

Summary: Acoustic amplitude and phase fluctuations weremeasured across a 400 meter path. The soundsource and hydrophones were mounted on the shelfadjacent to the Carmel Canyon at a depth of 35meters. The depth of the canyon at this locationis approximately 180 meters. The experiment wasdesigned to measure only the direct path of soundand not receive either the surface or bottom re-flected sound. The acoustic source signal was acomposite pulse consisting of a 0.5 millisecond20 kHz pulse followed by 5 milliseconds of pseudo-random noise. The pseudo-random noise has acous-tic energy in the band from 4 to 20 kHz.

The ocean temperature structure was measured bothat the source and the receivers using horizontaland vertical thermistor arrays in order to deter-mine the structure and correlation functions forthe temperature microstructure. A two currentmeter array measured the current shear; thermis-tors are also mounted on the current meterpackages to give long time series of the tempera-ture. Papers are being prepared describing theseresults.

Publication: E. B. Thornton, "Temperature Induced Phase andAmplitude Fluctuations of 20 kHz Pulses in theUpper Ocean," (forthcoming).

Thesis Directed: M. Wakeman, "Acoustic Amplitude Fluctuations of20 kHz Pulses in the Upper Ocean," Master'sThesis, December 1981.

77

DEPARTMENT

OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

I;

Title: Elevated Temperature Fatigue of Alloys Used inPropulsion Systems

Investigator: K. D. Challenger, Assistant Professor ofMechanical Engineering


Objective: This was the first year for this presently on-go-ing program at NPS. The objective of the researchis to discover the damage mechanism that existswhen combined creep (sustained loads) and fatigue(cyclic loads) are imposed on the materials usedin propulsion systems in various types of environ-ments at elevated temperature. The knowledgeof the damage mechanisms will then be used todevelop design correlations that could be used toextrapolate laboratory test data to actual serviceconditions.

Summary: In the past we have used 2 Cr - lMo steel toexamine the effect of an oxidizing environment onthe fatigue crack growth rate for continuouslycycled specimens and specimens subjected to aloading wave form that included a constant strainhold period (creep damage). We found, to everyone'ssurprise, that compressive hold periods acceleratedthe fatigue crack growth rate as much as tensilehold periods. This indicates that the principaleffect of the hold periods is to allow moreoxidation to occur at the crack tip. We alsoexamined the dislocation-precipitate substructureof these samples. The hold periods promoted acellular dislocation structure indicating that somecreep damage had occurred; this tells us that,even though the environmental effects were large,creep damage was also occurring. Thus for differenttesting conditions or different environments creepdamage may overshadow the environmental effect andit must be considered important.

Also in the past year, we have designed andassembled a test facility for testing the elevatedtemperature properties of metals in controlledenvironments.

Publications: K. D. Challenger, A. K. Miller and R. L. Langdon,"Elevated Temperature Fatigue with Hold Time in aLow Alloy Steel: A Predictive Correlation,"

81

II I t

Publications: accepted for publication in the Journal of Material(continued) for Energy Systems, August 1981.

K. D. Challenger and P. G. Vining, "The Effects ofHold Time in the Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of 2Cr - IMo Steel," (forthcoming).

Theses Directed: P. G. Vining, "Mechanisms of Elevated TemperatureFatigue Damage in 21 Cr - iMo Steel," Mech. Engr.Thesis, June 1981.

W. Hastie, "Design and Construction of anEnvironmentally Controlled Elevated TemperatureFatigue Facility," Master's Thesis, September 1981.

I

S

82(

III_ _ I_ Iml_ Ill _ _ I_ II_ Ii m-p -, -- _

Title: Experimental Investigation of the Fluid Mechanicsof Buoyant Liquid Plumes

Investigator: W. G. Culbreth, Assistant Professor of Mechanical

Engineering

Sponsor: NPS Research Foundation Program

Objective: To analyze the velocity distribution of turbulent,buoyant liquid plumes through the use of a LaserDoppler Velocimeter and to test the validity ofvarious mathematical models used to predict turbu-lent entrainment in plumes and plume configuration.

Summary: A program of investigation has been developed anda commercial Laser Doppler Velocimeter has been or-dered. A high speed microcomputer system has alsobeen ordered to acquire turbulent velocity data fromthe velocimeter.

83

Title: Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study ofRapidly Solidified Shape Memory Alloys

Investigator: Jeff Perkins, Associate Professor of

Mechanical Engineering


Objective: To experimentally determine the effect of micro-structural defects, particularly grain boundariesand dislocations, on the kinetics of martensltictransformations.

Summary: The effect of cold work and annealing have beeninvestigated in terms of their effects on thetemperature range of martensitic transformationin several Cu-Zn-Al alloys.

Publication: J. Perkins, et al., "Grain Boundary Structuresin Rapidly Solidified Cu-Zn-Al Alloys," ScriptaMet. 15, pp 771-76, 1981.

84

Title: Optimum Design of Torsional Shafts Using CompositeMaterials

Investigator: Garret N. Vanderplaats, Associate Professor ofMechanical Engineering


Objective: To develop the analytic capability and FORTRANprogram for the analysis of shafts made of multi-layered composite materials and couple this to anumerical optimization program to provide a generalautomated design capability.

Summary: The analytic capability has been developed toevaluate the response of hollow cylindrical shaftsincluding synchronous whirl caused by mass imbalance.Failure modes which are evaluated include static andfatigue strength, maximum deflection, column buckling,axial ard torsional cylinder buckling and criticalspeed. The constituitive equations have been formu-lated and programmed for shafts made of multi-layeredfiber composites and metal-composite combinations.Shafts have been designed for strength, deflection,dynamic and buckling limits. This has been pro-grammed in FORTRAN and coupled to the optimizationprogram COPES/CONMIN. The capability has beendemonstrated with the design of isotropic and com-posite shafts.

Theses Directed: Virgilio S. Merced, "Drive Shaft Design UsingNumerical Optimization," Master's Thesis, June, 1980.

Amhet Onal, "Design of Composite Driveshafts UsingNumerical Optimization," Master's Thesis, December,1981.

85

AI -a

APPENDIX I

TypeSummary Title Investigator Funding

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Concurrency Control in Distributed D. Z. Badal 6.1Database Systems

Advanced Methods for Software B. J. MacLennan 6.1Development

The Automatic Design of Algorithms D. R. Smith 6.1

MATHEMATICS

Using Full Sequences for Spread H. M. Fredricksen 6.1Spectrum Applications

Numerical Solution of Fixed-Point M. D. Humphries 6.1Equations

Convergence of Non-Linear Optimi- I. B. Russak 6.1zation Algorithms Under WeakenedHypotheses

ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES

The Development of Case Research R. 0. Evered 6.1Methods in the OrganizationalSciences

Analysis of Corrective Maintenance M. B. Kline 6.2Active Repair Time Data

Cost Accounting and Analysis in S. S. Liao 6.1the Governmental Sector

Career Transition Agenda: Identi- M. R. Louis 6.1fying What is Accomplished inAdapting to a New Job

Enlistment Supply Models G. Thomas 6.1

87


Sequential Testing for Selection: R. A. Weitzman 6.1Tryout on Real Data

An Investigation into the Existence D. Whipple 6.1of a General Theory of Intra Firm K. KocherBehavior

OPERATIONS RESEARCH

Operational Availability Analysis F. R. Richards 6.1of Weapon Systems with FiniteSpare Support

Representation of Additional J. G. Taylor 6.1Operational Factors in CombatModels

NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS

United States Policy Toward M. Clough 6.2

Conflict in Africa

Cry Wolf Effects K. L. Herbig 6.1

Analysis of Mexican Growth R. Looney 6.1Alternatives P. C. Frederiksen

South Korean Nationalism: Roots, E. A. Olsen 6.1Impact, and Prospects

Soviet Decislonmaking for the J. Valenta 6.2National Security

French and Soviet Perspectives D. S. Yost 6.1on Theater Nuclear Policy andArms Control

PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY

Classical Trajectory Studies of Low D. E. Harrison 6.1Energey Ion Impact Mechanisms on R. P. WebbClean and Reacted Single CrystalSurfaces

8,8


Spectroscopic Data Center Compila- R. L. Kelly 6.1tion of Atomic Energy Levels

Experimental Investigation of G. E. Schacher 6.2Electromagnetic InterferenceZones during Ducting Conditions

Plasma Surface Interaction F. Schwirzke 6.1

Measurement of Underwater Acoustic 0. B. Wilson 6.1Noise Due to Surf Phenomena H. A. Dahl

Underwater Acoustic Noise Due 0. B. Wilson 6.1to Surf Phenomena H. A. Dahl

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Millimeter Wave Transmission Media J. B. Knorr 6.2

Radar Target Identification via M. Morgan 6.2Time-Domain Scattering Signatures M. Hamid

Digital Signal Processing S. R. Parker 6.1Y. C. Lim

METEOROLOGY

A Synoptic Study of Summer C. P. Chang 6.1Monsoon Depressions K. R. Saha

The Role of the Ocean In Extra- R. L. Elsberry 6.1tropical Cyclone Evolution

Diagnostics of Oceanic Extra- C. H. Wash 6.1tropical Cyclones

AERONAUTICS

Aerodynamic Stabilization of 0. Biblarz 6.1Gaseous Discharges

89

8 9 -low


Study of Basic Mechanisms that 0. Biblarz 6.1

Lead to Arcing

Multi-Stage Compressor Study R. P. Shreeve 6.2

Numerical Modeling of the Flow R. P. Shreeve 6.1in Transonic Axial Compressors S. Eidelman

Very High Reaction Turbines R. P. Shreeve 6.2

OCEANOGRAPHY

Real-Time Ocean Profiling and C. N. K. Mooers 6.1Modeling in Monterey Bay

Studies of Oceanographic Condi- R. G. Paquette 6.1tions Near the Marginal Sea-IceZone

Acoustic Variability Experiment E. B. Thornton 6.1T. P. Stanton

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Elevated Temperature Fatigue of K. D. Challenger 6.1Alloys Used in Propulsion Systems

Experimental Investigation of the W. G. Culbreth 6.1Fluid Mechanics of Buoyant LiquidPlumes

Differential Scanning Calorimetry J. Perkins 6.1Study of Rapidly Solidified ShapeMemory Alloys

Optimum Design of Torsional Shafts G. N. Vanderplaats 6.2Using Composite Materials

90

I,

INDEX

Pa ge

Overview of the NPS Foundation Research Program ------------ vi

Project Summaries:

Badal, D. Z.----------------------------------------- 2

Biblarz, 0.------------------------------------------ 52, 53

Challenger, K. D.------------------------------------- 62

Chang, C. P.----------------------------------------- 48

Clough, M ------------------------------------------- 25

Cuibreth, W. G.-------------------------------------- 64

Dahl, H. A.------------------------------------------ 40, 41

Eidelman, S.----------------------------------------- 55

Elsberry, R. L.-------------------------------------- 49

Evered, R. D.---------------------------------------- 10

Fredericksen, P. C.----------------------------------- 27

Fredrl-cksen, H. M.------------------------------------ 6

Hanild, M.-------------------------------------------- 45

Harrison, 0. E.-------------------------------------- 34

Herbig, K. L.---------------------------------------- 26

Humphries, M. D0.------------------------------------- 7

Kelly, R. L.----------------------------------------- 36

Kline, M. B.----------------------------------------- 11

Knorr, J. 8B----------------------------------------- 44

Kocher, K.------------------------------------------- 17

91

Project Summaries, cont. Page

Liao, S. S.---------------------------------------------- 12

Lim, Y. C.----------------------------------------------- 46

Looney, R.----------------------------------------------- 27

Louis, M. R.--------------------------------------------- 13

MacLennan, B. J.----------------------------------------- 3

Mooers, C. N. K.----------------------------------------- 58

Morgan, M.----------------------------------------------- 45

Olsen, E. A.--------------------------------------------- 29

Paquette, R. G.------------------------------------------ 59

Parker, S. R. ------------------------------------- 46

Perkins, J. --------------------------------------- 65

Richards, F. R.------------------------------------ 20

Russak, I. B.-------------------------------------- 8

Saha, K. R.---------------------------------------- 48

Schacher, G. E.------------------------------------------ 37

Schwirzke, F.-------------------------------------------- 38

Shreeve, R. P.------------------------------------------- 54, 55, 56

Smith, 0. C. -------------------------------------- 59

Smith, D. R. --------------------------------------- 4

Stanton, T. P.-------------------------------------- 60

Taylor, J. G.-------------------------------------------- 21

Thomas, G.----------------------------------------------- 15

92

Project Summaries, cont. Page

Thornton, E. B.--------------------------------------- 60

Valenta, J.------------------------------------------ 30

Vanderplaats, G. N.----------------------------------- 66

Wash, C. H.------------------------------------------ 50

Webb, R. P.------------------------------------------ 34J

Weitzman, R. A.--------------------------------------- 16

Whipple, D0.----------------------------------------- 17

Wilson, 0. B.---------------------------------------- 40, 41

Yost, 0. S.----------------------------------- ------- 31

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