underground mine mapping

7/28/2019 Underground Mine Mapping

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Carlson User Training Conference 2009

Carlson Mining Underground MappingSteve Richards, PE Mining Sales/[email protected]

April 6, 3:15 5:00 p.m.

The Carlson Basic and Underground modules combine to provide a set of toolsthat permit you to convert your survey data to mine maps and keep track of yourproduction as the mine face advances or retreats. The software has automatedmine layout tools that will also be covered in this session.

A note on mapping standards is worth mentioning at the beginning. Carlson

Software has consistently used certain layer names in its routines for manyyears. Closed polylines in the PILLARS layer form the mine pillars and are usedin conjunction with the closed polylines in the PERIM layer. Subtracting the sumof the areas of the enclosed pillars from the area of the surrounding perimetergenerates the net area mined and that is used to calculate the extraction ratio forthe mining perimeter. So for any linework that is intended for use in volumetriccalculations must conform to these requirements. Other reserved layer namesused for timing routines include: PANLENM, EXTRACTION, RET_EXTRACT,DIFFICULTY, and RET_DIFF.


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Updating the Mine Map with Survey Notes

Most mine maps begin by laying out the centerlines to show where mining isexpected to follow, similar to the map below:

Typical mine layout for a 5 entry room and pillar system on 60 ft x 60 ft centers.

Using Mine Note Auto/Left/Right option under theNotes menu in either the Basic or UndergroundMining modules, you can input the survey notesregarding the mining progress at the commandline prompt for each point as shown below:

Command: NOTE2Enter Offset File Name : UG2008.dat

Append File [/No]?

Tabular Format--Distance L R Hgt-- (/n):

From Station point[node on]: _endp of (5692.19 4668.64)To Station point (A for Azimuth): a


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Azimuth of Heading (DD.MMSS) or p for pick : _neaSpad Number, or For None: 100

Flip Spad Text [Yes/]?

Entry Number: 1

Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end): 10

Enter left offset distance: 10

Enter right offset distance: 10
















Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end):


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Another Spad [/No]? y

Once you have entered this data manually you will have created an Ascii text filethat looks like :

Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5692.19Entry no. 1

Azimuth: 0.0000Station Left Right10.00 10.00 10.0050.00 10.00 10.0070.00 10.00 10.00110.00 10.00 10.00130.00 10.00 10.00150.00 10.00 10.00 ...

TIP You can open this file and edit it copying and pasting once you establish theformat if you would rather work directly with the tabular data using copy and

paste options directly in the Ascii text file.

Assuming we have entered the data either by hand transcribing from a field bookor from a crd file created from a data collector raw file that has been processedand imported. The offset file could look like the one below:


Azimuth: 0.0000Station Left Right10.00 10.00 10.00

50.00 10.00 10.0070.00 10.00 10.00110.00 10.00 10.00130.00 10.00 10.00150.00 10.00 10.00Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5752.19Entry no. 2

Azimuth: 0.0000Station Left Right10.00 10.00 10.0050.00 10.00 10.0070.00 10.00 10.00110.00 10.00 10.00130.00 10.00 10.00


Azimuth: 0.0000Station Left Right10.00 10.00 10.0050.00 10.00 10.0070.00 10.00 10.00110.00 10.00 10.00130.00 10.00 10.00


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150.00 10.00 10.00Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5872.19Entry no. 4

Azimuth: 0.0000Station Left Right10.00 10.00 10.0050.00 10.00 10.0070.00 12.00 8.0090 8.00 12.00110.00 10.00 10.00130.00 10.00 10.00150.00 10.00 10.00Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5932.19Entry no. 5

Azimuth: 0.0000Station Left Right10.00 10.00 10.0050.00 10.00 10.0070.00 8.00 12.00110.00 10.00 10.00

130.00 10.00 10.00150.00 10.00 10.00

Based on this Ascii tect file, UG2008.dat, we candraw the mine map by using the Offsets from DatFile routine under the Notes Menu. This willcreate the points in the drawing on the


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There is a slight difference between the output when you use Notes AutoLeft/Right vs. Offsets from Ascii Text File.

Once you have the offsets in the drawing you can automatically connect themusing Auto-Connect Pillars. You should only select the offset points interior tothe perimeter offset points. This will produce the best results. Otherwise youmay find connections may not be exactly what you want.

At the right note thewindows crossingselection set of theoffset points used with

Auto-Connect Pillars.


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The results withthe selection setused above:

The connectionsfor the pillars aredrawn in thePILLARS layer.

Most people connect the perimeter offsets by drawing a polyline in the PERIMlayer with snap option set to nodes. This produces the mine map showing theupdated working faces.


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Using Coal sections

As mining progresses, thickness measurements are taken to check volumes andtonnages reported to assist with the end-of month reconciliation process to verifywhere mining has taken place, pay royalty holders, and properly account for

reported production. Typically production reports will be available from first-linesupervisors, in the form of load counts and face measurement update estimateson a shift by shift basis, belt scale reports, stockpile estimates from variousforms, track scale and railroad weights may also be available. Volumes fromsurveyed working help to mediate the differences that are always present.

Coal sections are found under the WORKS menu.

Configure Coal Sections

Command: csconfig

Mine Name: SCAD 1Enter Abbreviated Strata Name/ to End: R

Enter Full Strata Name: RoofEnter Abbreviated Strata Name/ to End: C

Enter Full Strata Name: CoalEnter Abbreviated Strata Name/ to End: P

Enter Full Strata Name: Parting

Enter Abbreviated Strata Name/ to End: CEnter Abbreviated Strata Name/ to End: F

Enter Full Strata Name: FloorEnter Abbreviated Strata Name/ to End:

Enter Individual densities or Composite densities (I/C)? iAverage wt. of R (Roof) [lbs/ft^3]: 155Average wt. of C (Coal) [lbs/ft^3]: 80Average wt. of P (Parting) [lbs/ft 3]: 145Average wt. of F (Floor) [lbs/ft^3]: 160

Circle the Coal Section (y/)?

Plot the Numeric Value Only (y/)?

Text Size :

Enter thickness in feet or inches [Feet/]?


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Prompt for entry width [Yes/]? Y Note this is required for Q by CL method

Preparing Block name: C:\DOCUMENTS ANDSETTINGS\SRICHARDS\APPLICATION

DATA\CARLSON SOFTWARE\CARLSON2009\R17.1\SUP\UG2008-QBCL.dwgSection Information Is Now Configured.

Note where the file is now located. This is in a user-specific sub-directory.

The way to pass a drawing from one person to another in Carlson 2008 and laterversions is to create an archive file and send the zipped archive so all of thenecessary external files to the drawing are transferred with it. To do this, use theSettings, Projects, Store Project Archive routine.

This creates a compressed file containing the drawing file and its necessaryexternal files.


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Placing Coal Sections

Coal sections are placed by using the Works, Place CoalSections.

To place Coal Sections you must have a SectionConfiguration file. The program will prompt you to selectthe .sc file. For QBA and QBG you do not need to enter

the entry width. For QBCL you need to enter the entrywidth at each coal section.

Command line prompts: (Typical section)Pick sample point for coal section:Pick Start Point for Text:Pick Alignment Point:How many Inches of Roof R: 5How many Inches of Coal C: 21How many Inches of Parting P: 3How many Inches of Coal C: 32How many Inches of Floor F: 5

Enter Another Section [/No]?Property boundaries are automatically prompted for and incorporated into theQBA and QBG routines but are keyed in the QBCL option. Below are screencaptures showing QBA, QBG, and QBCL results.


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End of Month Tonnage Calculation Methods

Quantities by Average(QBA)

To the right see the QBA Report Formatteroption with the range transformed in Excel.

The numerical average method averagesthe samples, and reports the results. Theareas are reported by property owner.Tons are calculated and volumes arecalculated based upon the pillar andperimeter linework together with the coalsections. Cavity Acre-Feet can be helpfulwhen estimating volumes when areasbecome flooded and you need to calculatevolumes for dewatering.

Quantities by Grid (QBG)

Report Formatter Transposed report

Unit Id 001 001

Attr Group Advance Advance

Mining MethodShuttleCars

ShuttleCars

Area No. 1 2

Description Smith() Jones()

Gross Area, S.F. 18418.80 27851.20

Depleted Acres 0.423 0.639

Pillars, S.F. 6340.11 11296.00

Pillars, Acres 0.146 0.259Net AreaMined,S.F. 12078.70 16555.20

Net Acres Mined 0.277 0.380

Linear Advance, ft 603.94 827.76Entry Width, ft 20.000 20.000

Roof Thick, ft 0.808 0.808

Coal Thick, ft 3.656 3.656

Parting Thick, ft 0.367 0.367

Floor Thick, ft 0.283 0.283

Mining Height, ft 5.114 5.114

Roof Density 155.00 155.00

Coal Density 80.00 80.00

Parting Density 145.00 145.00

Floor Density 160.00 160.00

Roof TONS 756.6 1037.0

Coal TONS 1766.2 2420.8Parting TONS 321.1 440.1

Floor TONS 273.8 375.3Non-Recov. COAL,T 0.00 0.00

Recovery, % 100.00 100.00

Total TONS 3117.7 4273.1

% COAL By Wgt 56.65 56.65

COAL Acre-Feet 1.014 1.389

Cavity Acre-Feet 1.418 1.944

CROSS_WIDTH 20.000 20.000

CROSS_SPACING 60.000 60.000

ENTRY_WIDTH 20.000 20.000ENTRY_SPACING 60.000 60.000

FULL_EXTRACT 0.000 0.000

ANGLE_RIGHT 90.000 90.000

NUM_RIGHT 2.000 2.000

ANGLE_LEFT 90.000 90.000

NUM_LEFT 2.000 2.000


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The Quantities by Grid method makes a 10ft x 10ft grid based on the data andcalculates the results by doing the appropriate grid math. The graphics of themap are the same as the QBA Method. The prompting for the date range is alsothe same. The report is slightly different. The report below is for the same area

as the QBA but notice the results are slightly different. The report below wascreated using the standard formatter option.

GRID MODEL METHOD 4/7/200805:32Individual Stratas Configuration

MINE: SCAD 1 Mine MINED FROM 3/15/2005 TO 4/15/2005

AREA NO. 1 DESCRIPTION: Smith()SECTION/UNIT ID: 001 MINE TYPE: Advance MINING METHOD: ShuttleCars

GROSS AREA MINED (S.F.): 18418.77 DEPLETED ACRES: 0.423AREA OF PILLARS (S.F.): 6340.11 ACRES OF PILLARS: 0.146NET AREA MINED (S.F.): 12078.66 NET ACRES MINED: 0.277

AVERAGE Roof THICKNESS (INCHES): 9.06 (FEET): 0.75AVERAGE Coal THICKNESS (INCHES): 43.99 (FEET): 3.67


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AVERAGE Parting THICKNESS (INCHES): 5.06 (FEET): 0.42AVERAGE Floor THICKNESS (INCHES): 2.83 (FEET): 0.24TOTAL MINING HEIGHT (INCHES): 60.93 (FEET): 5.08

AVERAGE Roof WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 155.00AVERAGE Coal WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 80.00AVERAGE Parting WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 145.00AVERAGE Floor WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 160.00

Roof (TONS): 706.72Coal (TONS): 1770.97Parting (TONS): 368.90Floor (TONS): 227.61

NON-RECOVERABLE COAL (TONS): 0.00 COAL RECOVERY PERCENT: 100.00%TOTAL TONS : 3074.20 PERCENT COAL BY WGT.: 57.61%

COAL ACRE-FEET: 1.016CAVITY ACRE-FEET: 1.408

Qualities:

CROSS_WIDTH 20.0CROSS_SPACING 60.0ENTRY_WIDTH 20.0ENTRY_SPACING 60.0FULL_EXTRACT 0.0

ANGLE_RIGHT 90.0NUM_RIGHT 2.0ANGLE_LEFT 90.0NUM_LEFT 2.0

AREA NO. 2 DESCRIPTION: Jones()SECTION/UNIT ID: 001 MINE TYPE: Advance MINING METHOD: ShuttleCars


AVERAGE Roof THICKNESS (INCHES): 10.08 (FEET): 0.84AVERAGE Coal THICKNESS (INCHES): 42.69 (FEET): 3.56AVERAGE Parting THICKNESS (INCHES): 3.55 (FEET): 0.30AVERAGE Floor THICKNESS (INCHES): 4.08 (FEET): 0.34TOTAL MINING HEIGHT (INCHES): 60.40 (FEET): 5.03

AVERAGE Roof WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 155.00AVERAGE Coal WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 80.00AVERAGE Parting WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 145.00

AVERAGE Floor WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 160.00



COAL ACRE-FEET: 1.352


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CAVITY ACRE-FEET: 1.913

Qualities:CROSS_WIDTH 20.0CROSS_SPACING 60.0ENTRY_WIDTH 20.0ENTRY_SPACING 60.0FULL_EXTRACT 0.0

ANGLE_RIGHT 90.0NUM_RIGHT 2.0ANGLE_LEFT 90.0NUM_LEFT 2.0

TOTAL FOR ALL AREAS:


TONS :7313.12

COAL TONS : 4126.86 PERCENT COAL BY WGT.: 56.43%ROCK TONS : 3186.26


QBA and QBG were run using the same coal sections and areas. The results inthis case varied as shown below:

Coal Tons Smith Jones TotalQBA 1,766 2,241 4,187QBG 1,771 2,355 4,127

Difference 60 or 1.45% difference

Quantities by Centerline Method (QbCL)

The QbCL Method requires different input data than the QBA and QBG. It is verysimilar to one method of manually estimating underground tonnage by using thelinear feet of advance and the average entry width. The coal sectionconfiguration file must include the entry width with the coal section. Thecenterlines for the mining in the PROJECTIONS layer must be trimmed to theextent of mining.


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NUMERICAL AVERAGE COAL SECTION METHOD 4/7/200805:58

Individual Stratas ConfigurationMINE: SCAD 1 MINED FROM 3/15/2005 TO 4/15/2005AREA NO. 1 DESCRIPTION: Jones()SECTION/UNIT ID: 001 MINE TYPE: Advance MINING METHOD: ShuttleCars

LINEAR FEET OF ADVANCE: 1571.50AVERAGE ENTRY WIDTH: 20.00NET AREA MINED (S.F.): 31430.00 NET ACRES MINED: 0.722

AVERAGE Roof THICKNESS (INCHES): 7.83 (FEET): 0.65AVERAGE Coal THICKNESS (INCHES): 44.36 (FEET): 3.70AVERAGE Parting THICKNESS (INCHES): 4.50 (FEET): 0.38

AVERAGE Floor THICKNESS (INCHES): 3.75 (FEET): 0.31TOTAL MINING HEIGHT (INCHES): 60.44 (FEET): 5.04

AVERAGE Roof WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 155.00AVERAGE Coal WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 80.00AVERAGE Parting WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 145.00AVERAGE Floor WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): 160.00




Note: A different section configuration file and data were used for this examplethan the QBA and QBG methods.


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Advanced Projections

The Advanced Projections menu is contained in both the Basic and Undergroundmodules of Carlson Mining 2008 and 2009. It is a fast and easy way to layoutunderground workings. This routine, written by Bruce Carlson, has been one of

the more complex lisp routines found in our software. It is powerful and flexibleand allows you to create almost any layout you might want. There are hundredsof combinations of options possible so I will try to describe some of the morecommon combinations and let you explore others at your leisure.

Layout options below show some of the combinations you can create:


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Working with Mining Symbols

If your symbols have been created and are on the list as shown below, then justgo to Insert Mining Symbols as shown below:

You will see the list of mining symbols. Select and place in your drawing andthey should drop right in.


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If you want to add a symbol to your list of symbols, you need to create a drawingat or near 0, 0 at the scale of 1:1 and save the drawing to the location shown

below.

The

reference drawings are found in the Program Files/Carlson Softwaredirectory/SupTemplate sub-directory as shown below:


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Steve Richards joined Carlson Software in December 1997, and is in Mining Sales/Support. He is a PE, PS,and Certified Surface and Underground Foreman, MSHA Instructor, and has KY State Mine Inspector


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certification. Steve had 22 years of mining experience prior to joining Carlson Software. He is a RegisteredMember of SME.

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