understanding truancy problem from various perspectives a case study in a selected school in penang...

7/23/2019 Understanding Truancy Problem From Various Perspectives a Case Study in a Selected School in Penang Island

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1

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y Afeocy nkfc}n gt ao`f`jofc jg`jkt`z }nf} efy r{} rtkzz{tk g` }nk z}{mk`} }g dk

fdzk`} o` gtmkt }g nkcr }nk afeocy Tkom# 6???/.

y Jnocm oz f qoj}oe ga fd{zk# `khckj} f`m'gt afeocy ef`fhkek`} ozz{kz

y Rtkzz{tkz atge }kk` rtkh`f`jy gt rftk`}nggm

y Cfji ga afeocy z{rrgt} f`m qfc{o`h ga km{jf}og`

y Zfak}y ozz{kz# z{jn fz qogck`jk o` gt `kft }nk ngek gt zjnggc

j/ Zjnggc f`m }kfjnkt afj}gt

Dkcgx ftk }nk coz}z ga }nk zjnggc afj}gtz zngx` }g jg`}tod{}k }g }t{f`jy ftk<

y Rggt fjfmkeoj rktagtef`jk f`m f cfji ga zkca%kz}kke }okm }g rggt rktagtef`jk



62

y Cfji ga rktzg`fc f`m km{jf}og`fc hgfcz m{k }g cfji ga z}oe{cf}o`h zjnggc tkcf}km

jnfcck`hkz

y ]kfjnkt qftofdckz# z{jn fz cfji ga tkzrkj} agt z}{mk`}z f`m `khckj} ga moqktzk

z}{mk`} `kkmz

y Zjnggcz f`m'gt moz}toj}±z cfji ga jg`zoz}k`jy f`m {òagteo}y }g f}}k`mf`jk f`m

f}}k`mf`jk rgcojy

y Rftk`}z'h{ftmof`z ftk `g} fxftk gt `g}oaokm ga kfjn fdzk`jk

TKZKFTJN Z]TF]KHOKZ

]nk mf}f jgcckj}o`h f`m o`}ktqokxz o` }noz z}{my xocc fmgr} }nk fdm{j}oqk tkzkftjn

z}tf}khy ]nk fdm{j}oqk tkzkftjn z}tf}khy k`}focz g`}gcghojfc fzz{er}og` }nf} qokxz zgjofc tkfco}y

fz }nk zgjofc jg`z}t{j}og` ga zgjofc fj}gtz O} oz }nkot jtkf}og` f`m mgkz `g} k~oz} o`mkrk`mk`}cy ga

}nkot zgjofc fj}oqo}okz }ghk}nkt Zgjofc tkfco}y oz tkhftmkm fz }nk rtgm{j} ga rtgjkzzkz dy xnojn

zgjofc fj}gtz }ghk}nkt `khg}of}k }nk ekfò`h agt fj}og`z f`m zo}{f}og` ]nkzk g`}gcghojfc

fzz{er}og`z jf` dk tkhftmkm fz »tkcf}oqoz}± tf}nkt }nf` »fdzgc{}oz}±< }nk omkf }nf} }nktk oz zo`hck

zgjofc tkfco}y oz tklkj}km o` afqg{t ga }nk omkf }nf} }nktk efy dk e{c}orck f`m jnf`ho`h zgjofc

tkfco}okz ]nk oercojf}og` oz }nf} }nktk oz `g o`mkrk`mk`} gt `k{}tfc xfy ga kz}fdcozno`h }nk »}t{}n±

ga f`y ga }nke9 kfjn zgjofc tkfco}y efy dk »tkfc± }g o}z o`nodo}f`}z Dcfoiok# 4222/ ]nk mf}f

tkcf}o`h }g }nk {`mktz}f`mo`h }t{f`jy rtgdcke atge qftog{z rktzrkj}oqkz xktk jgcckj}km dy {zo`h

f afjk%}g%afjk o`}ktqokx }kjnòv{k



66

JG@JKR]Z

]nk jg`jkr}z xocc dk {zkm o` f zk`zo}o|o`h egmk }g rtgqomk oò}ofc motkj}og` agt }nk z}{my

]nk foe xocc dk }g k~rcgtk }nk ekfò`h hoqk` }g }nke dy }nk rkgrck z}{mokm# f`m }g mozjgqkt

g}nkt jg`jkr}z }nky {zk }nf} ftk tg{hncy kv{oqfck`}# gt ftk moaaktk`} Dcfoiok# 4222/

]nk efo` jg`jkr}z ftk }t{f`jy oz f }kte xnojn oz atkv{k`}cy eoz{zkm9 o} jf` dk frrcokm

dg}n hk`ktojfccy f`m nfqk cgjfc ekfò`h ]t{f`jy oz i`gx` feg`hz} g}nkt }no`hz fz »ziorro`h

gaa±# »mgmho`h±# »zioqo`h±# »d{ìo`h%gaa± f`m »hgo`h eozzo h± ]t{f`jy oz fczg zgek}oekz tkrgt}km

fz f `f}{tfc# oerozn fj} ga kzjfroze# xnojn oz coikcy }g }fik rcfjk f} zgek z}fhk m{to`h }nk `gtefc

mkqkcgrek`} ga jnocmtk` ]t{f`jy oz ga}k`# v{o}k tohn}cy# fzzgjof}km xo}n kftcy gt cf}kt

fmgckzjk`jk Tkom# 6???/

]nk zkjg`m jg`jkr} oz rktzg`fco}y Rktzg`fco}y oz }nk jgerck~ ga fcc }nk f}}o}{mkz#

dknfqogtfc# }kerktfek`}fc# keg}og`fc f`m ek`}fc .xgtm`k}xkd.rto`jk}g`.km{'rktc'xkdx`/ .

Zgek z}{mokz mkzjtodkm }nk rktzg`fco}y ga }t{f`} fz cf|y# cfjio`h o` i`gxckmhk# `g mozjorco`k#

mot}y# f`m {`}omy ]{t`kt# 6?8=/ Dkzomkz# }nky fcxfyz xfz}k }oek# }otkm# hcggey# zfm# `ktqg{z#

f`m xgttyo`h G}nkt }nf` }nf}# o` z}{mokz }nf} nfqk tkqokxkm }t{f`} z}{mk`}z( rktzg`fc

jnftfj}ktoz}ojz# o} nfz dkk` ag{`m }nf} }nkzk z}{mk`}z ftk egtk coikcy }g nfqk g`k gt egtk ga }nk

agccgxo`h rtgdckez< fjfmkeoj afoc{tk# rggt zgjofc f`m keg}og`fc a{`j}ogò`h# k}nòj gt tfjk

mozzg`f`jk# nkfc}n rtgdckez# f`m f` o`fdoco}y }g akkc f rft} ga }nkot zjnggc j{c}{tk

]nk }notm jg`jkr} oz }nk tkzrg`zodoco}y Tkzrg`zodoco}y oz }nk zgjofc agtjk }nf} do`mz }g }nk

jg{tzkz ga fj}og` mkef`mkm dy }nk agtjk .xgtm`k}xkd.rto`jk}g`.km{'rktc'xkdx`/ . ]nk Fj}

z}f}km }nf} o} oz f rftk`}±z m{}y }g k`z{tk }nf} f jnocm ga jger{czgty fhk tkjkoqkz kaaojok`}# a{cc%

}oek km{jf}og` z{o}fdck }g noz gt nkt fhk# fdoco}y f`m fr}o}{mk# ko}nkt dy f}}k`mf`jk f} zjnggc gt



64

g}nktxozk Oa f jnocm ga jger{czgty fhk xng oz f tkhoz}ktkm r{roc ga f zjnggc afocz }g f}}k`m

tkh{cftcy# }nk rftk`} oz h{oc}y ga f` gaak`jk

Rftk`}z jf` dk jg`qoj}km agt afoc{tk }g k`z{tk }nf} }nkot jnocm f}}k`mz zjnggc tkh{cftcy#

kqk` oa }nky nfqk efmk tkfzg`fdck kaagt}z }g k`z{tk }nf} }nk jnocm ckfqkz ngek }g hg }g zjnggc

Nk`jk# rftk`}fc m{}okz ftk `g} tkcokqkm dy oh`gtf`jk ga f jnocm±z }t{f`jy# fc}ng{hn }noz efy dk f

eo}ohf}o`h afj}gt o` }nk ao`fc zk`}k`jk Jt{er q. Hocegtk# 6?82/ ]nk jg{t} `kkm g`cy nfqk

kqomk`jk ga f jnocm±z afoc{tk }g f}}k`m }g jg`qoj} M{}jnef`%Zeo}n# 6?86/

MF]F ZG[TJKZ# ]_RK F@M AGTE

Fcc }nk tkzkftjn z}fhkz o` }noz z}{my ftk v{fco}f}oqk f`m rtoefty mf}f atge o`moqom{fcz o`

zkeo `f}{tfc zk}}o`hz O` zkeo `f}{tfc zk}}o`h# o`moqom{fcz ftk fzikm }g tkrgt} g` }nkot fj}oqo}okz

}nf} gjj{t o` `f}{tfc zk}}o`h ]nk z}{my agj{z g` }nk tkzrg`mk`}±z gtok`}f}og` }g }nk xgtcm gt#

egtk `fttgxcy# }nkot rktjkr}og`z# i`gxckmhk# f}}o}{mkz# dkcokaz# qfc{kz# k}j ]nk foe oz {z{fccy }g

{zk }noz o`agtef}og` }g k~rcfo` tkrgt}km dknfqogt @g} g`cy ftk z{jn mf}f }fik` g{} ga }nk jg`}k~}

o` xnojn }nky eohn} dk tkckqf`}# d{} }nk jg``kj}og` dk}xkk` f}}o}{mkz f`m dknfqogt oz ga}k`

k~}tkekcy }k`{g{z Dcfoiok# 4222/ ]nk tkzkftjnktz nfqk }g o`}ktrtk} }nk mf}f atge kfjn }nk

tkzrg`mk`} jckftcy zg }nf} o} xocc fqgom eozckfmo`h Kqkty tkzrg`mk`} xocc dk }tkf}o`h fz kv{fc fz

g}nktz mgkz`±} ef}}kt xnktk }nky jgek atge# }nkot gjj{rf}og` gt }nkot dknfqogt

ZKCKJ]OG@ GA MF]F ZG[TJKZ

Mf}f agt }noz z}{my xktk jgcckj}km }ntg{hn o`}ktqokx ek}ngm xnktk }nk tkzkftjnkt

o`}ktqokxkm }nk }kfjnktz f`m z}{mk`}z atge ZEI N l \fo`{c Fdomo`# R{cf{ Ro`f`h f`m fczg }nkot

rftk`}z ]nk }kfjnktz ftk }ngzk xng ftk tkzrg`zodck g` }nk jcfzz xnojn nfz nohn rktjk`}fhk ga



6:

}t{f`jy Dkzomkz# }nk zkckj}km z}{mk`}z ftk }ngzk xng o`qgcqk o` }t{f`jy rtgdcke Ekf`xnock# }nk

zkckj}km rftk`}z ftk }ngzk xng nfqk f jnocm xnojn oz f }t{f`} G`cy f zefcc `{edktz ga

tkzrg`mk`}z xktk o`}ktqokxkm dkjf{zk }nktk ftk f akx tkzrg`mk`}z xng ftk xocco`h }g jggrktf}k

f`m g`cy f zefcc `{edkt ga }nke kekthkm fz f qgc{`}kkt ]n{z# }ntkk }kfjnktz# }ntkk z}{mk`}z f`m

fczg }ntkk zkckj}km rftk`}z xktk o`qgcqkm o` }noz o`}ktqokx ]nkzk tkzrg`mk`}z nfqo`h moaaktk`}

km{jf}og` dfjihtg{`m dkjf{zk }nk tkzkftjnkt xg{cm coik }g {`mktz}f`m }t{f`jy rtgdcke atge

qftog{z rktzrkj}oqkz

MF]F JGCCKJ]OG@ F@M ]OEO@H

]nk jgcckj}km mf}f xfz gd}fo`km xo}n jtgzz zkj}og`fc z}{my dy }nk o`}ktqokxz ]nk jtgzz

zkj}og`fc z}{my oz g`k ga }nk egz} jgeeg` f`m xkcc%i`gx` z}{my mkzoh`z O` }noz }yrk ga

tkzkftjn z}{my# ko}nkt }nk k`}otk rgr{cf}og` gt f z{dzk} }nktkga oz zkckj}km# f`m atge }nkzk

o`moqom{fcz# mf}f ftk jgcckj}km }g nkcr f`zxkt tkzkftjn v{kz}og`z ga o`}ktkz} O} oz jfcckm jtgzz

zkj}og`fc dkjf{zk }nk o`agtef}og` fdg{} ^ f`m _ }nf} oz hf}nktkm tkrtkzk`}z xnf} oz hgo`h g` f}

g`cy g`k rgo`} o` }oek Jntoz}# 422=/

]nk }oeo`h ga mf}f jgcckj}og` }ggi fdg{} }xg xkkiz }g dk

jgerck}km

MF]F TKM[J]OG@ F@M F@FC_ZOZ

Fcc }nk tkzrg`mk`}±z f`zxktz xktk }tf`zjtor} dfzkm atge }nk z}t{j}{tk o`}ktqokx xnojn

xfz tkjgtmkm dy }nk tkzkftjnktz ]noz tkzkftjn {zkz o`}ktqokx ek}ngm g`cy ]nk tkzkftjnktz nfqk

}g o`}ktrtk} }nk mf}f jftka{ccy zg }nf} }nk g{}jgek oz tkfccy tkrtkzk`}o`h }nk xngck rgr{cf}og` Fz

f jg`jc{zog`# }nk tkzkftjnktz xktk fdck }g jgek g{} xo}n f }nkgty atge }nk f`fcyzoz ga fcc

o`}ktqokx tkhftmo`h }g }nk qftog{z rktzrkj}oqkz ga }nk tkzrg`mk`}z



6=

]yrgcghy oz f }yrk ga jcfzzoaojf}og` xnktk }nk tkzkftjnktz jgedo`k }xg gt egtk zoerck

jg`jkr}z }g agte f `kx jg`jkr} }g k~rtkzz }nk o`}kttkcf}og` dk}xkk` zoerck jg`jkr}z ]noz

tkzkftjn xocc {zk }nk Tgdkt} Ekt}g`±z F`geok }nkgty ga mkqof`jk O} jg`zomkto`h }xg iky

jg`jkr}z xnojn ftk }nk hgfc mkao`kz fz xgt}n r{tz{o`h f`m }nk ekf`z }g fjnokqk }ngzk hgfcz }nf}

f zgjok}y mkao`kz fz ckho}oef}k ]nk tkfzg` ga {zo`h }yrgcghy oz m{k }g }nk afj} }nf} fdm{j}oqk

z}tf}khy xfz {zkm o` }noz tkzkftjn O` }noz jfzk# o} oz oergzzodck }g zkrftf}k mf}f tkm{j}og` f`m

f`fcyzoz9 o` afj}# }nk xngck rtgjkzz jg{cm dk dck`mkm o`}g g`k f`g}nkt o` f jyjcojfc rtgjkzz

@k{ef`# 422:/

]nk tkfzg` ga {zo`h }yrgcghy oz m{k }g }nk afj} }nf} fdm{j}oqk z}tf}khy xfz {zkm o` }noz

tkzkftjn O` }noz jfzk# o} oz oergzzodck }g zkrftf}k mf}f tkm{j}og` f`m f`fcyzoz9 o` afj}# }nk xngck

rtgjkzz jg{cm dk jgedo`o`h o`}g g`k f`g}nkt o` f jyjcojfc rtgjkzz ]nk o`v{oto`h ek}ngm xocc

moaakt fjjgtmo`hcy f`m dfzkm g` }nk f`zxktz hoqk` dy }nk tkzrg`mk`}z ]nk tkzkftjnkz xocc coz}k`

}g }nk f{mog tkjgtmo`h f`m fczg tkjgtm fmmo}og`fc oertkzzog`z f`m omkfz atge }nk tkzrg`mk`}z

]nk rtoefty mf}f atge }nk tkzrg`m dy fcc o`}ktqokxz oz }g f`zxkt }nk tkzkftjn v{kz}og`

]nk gtoho`fc f`zxkt oz fqfocfdck g` }frk tkjgtmkt ]nk agccgxo`h f`fcyzkz xocc dk {`mkt}fik` }g

f`zxkt ag{t tkzkftjn v{kz}og`z

Egz} ga }nk tkzrg`mk`} f`zxktkm }nf} }nk afj}gtz xnojn o`ac{k`jk }t{f`jy oz m{k }g }nk afeocy

afj}gtz# }nk tkzrg`zodck rkgrck ftk }nkot rftk`} dkjf{zk }nky {`mktz}f`m dk}}kt fdg{} }nkot

jnocmtk` }nf` }nk }kfjnkt f`m }nk jnocmtk` zrk`} egz} ga }nkot }oek f} ngek }nky ftk a{ccy

tkzrg`zodck }g }nkot jnocm d{} }kfjnktz ftk fczg tkzrg`zodck }g km{jf}k }nke f} zjnggc ]nktkagtk#

dg}n rftk`}z f`m }kfjnktz zng{cm jggrktf}k o` gtmkt }g tkm{jk }noz rtgdcke



6;

Egz} ga }nk tkzrg`mk`} f`zxktkm }nf} }nk afj}gtz xnojn f}}tfj} z}{mk`} o`qgcqk o` }t{f`jy oz

dkjf{zk ga }nk atok`mz oàc{k`jk f`m akkc dgtkm f} zjnggc# }nky mg `g} jgerck}k }nk ngekxgti

f`m }nk z}{mk`} nfz dfm f}}o}{mk z{jn fz cf|y# fatfom }g hg }g zjnggc dkjf{zk ga }nk }kfjnkt

f}}o}{mk Agt k~ferck# jcfzz }kfjnkt fcxfyz zjgcm noe'nkt Rftk`}z zng{cm egò}gt }nk jnocmtk`9

nkcr }nke xo}n }nk zjnggc ngekxgti Zgek jnocmtk` mg `g} xf`} }g hg }g zjnggc dkjf{zk }nky

fatfom ga dko`h zjgcm dy }nk }kfjnkt xnk` }nky jg{cm `g} jgerck}k }nk ngekxgti

Egz} g }nk tkzrg`mk`} f`zxktkm }nf} }ngzk tkzrg`zodck }g }t{f`jy rtgdcke ftk dg}n }kfjnktz

f`m }nkot rftk`}z ftk tkzrg`zodck }g }noz rtgdcke Zgek ga }nke tkzrg`mkm }nf} }nk zjnggc

fmeoòz}tf}og`z ftk fczg tkzrg`zodck }g }noz rtgdcke ]n{z# kqktydgmy oz tkzrg`zodck }gxftmz }noz

rtgdcke kzrkjofccy }nk }kfjnkt xnojn km{jf}k f} zjnggc f`m rftk`}z }g h{omk }nke f} ngek

Egz} ga }nk tkzrg`mk`} f`zxktkm }nf} }nk kaakj}oqk xfyz }g tkm{jk }t{f`jy oz }nf} rftk`}z

zng{cm }fik hggm jftk ga }nkot jnocmtk` f`m hoqk egtk f}}k`}og` }g }nke# rftk`} zng{cm jg`jkt`

egtk fdg{} }nkot jnocmtk` f} ngek# f} zjnggc f`m z{hhkz}km }nf} zjnggc fmeoòz}tf}og` zng{cm

z}toj} }nk zjnggc tkh{cf}og`'cfx }gxftmz }noz rtgdcke

Dfzkm g` }nk o`}ktqokx# o} xfz ag{`m }nf} }kfjnktz mg `g} f}}ker} }g o`qkz}ohf}k }nk

tkfzg`z }nf} jg`}tod{}k }g }t{f`jy ]kfjnktz zng{cm jg`zomkt }nk afj}gtz xnojn jf{zk }noz rtgdcke

xnk}nkt m{k }g rktzg`fc rtgdckez# afeocy# gt zjnggc G}nkt }nf` }nf}# »mozcoik ga f }kfjnkt± gt »f

z{dlkj}± oz }nk afj}gt xnojn jgttkcf}kz }g }noz rtgdcke ]kfjnktz zng{cm rtkrftk }nkezkcqkz

dkagtk }nky z}ft} }kfjno`h gt jnf`hk }nkot f}}o}{mkz gt }kfjno`h ziocc }g f}}tfj} }nk z}{mk`}z o`}ktkz}

}g ckft` }nk z{dlkj} xnojn dkk` }f{hn} Dkzomkz# nfqk f hggm jgee{òjf}og` xo}n }nk z}{mk`}z

f`m fcxfyz }gcktf}k f`m nkcra{c xo}n }nke



61

]kfjnktz zng{cm dk fckt} tkhftmo`h }g }nkot z}{mk`}z f}}o}{mkz xnk}nkt }nky ftk nfqo`h

rtgdcke xo}n }nk z{dlkj} gt xo}n }nk jcfzztgge zo}{f}og` Oa }nk tkfzg`z ga fdzk`} ftk m{k }g }nk

rtgdcke ftozo`h atge }nk zjnggc# }kfjnktz gt }nk zjnggc fmeo`oz}tf}og` zng{cm ao`m }nk zgc{}og` }g

}nf} rtgdcke d{} oa }nk tkfzg`z ga fdzk`} ftk m{k }g afeocy rtgdcke# }nk }kfjnkt zng{cm efik

kqkty kaagt} }g jg`}fj} }nk rftk`} f`m }ty }g aoh{tk g{} xnf} eohn} dk hgo`h g` Oa }oek fccgxz#

jfcc }nk rftk`} m{to`h }nk mfy o`z}kfm ga jfcco`h o }nk kqk`o`h ]fci }g }nk z}{mk`} fdg{} xny

nk'znk xfz fdzk`} Efik z{tk }nf} }nk z}{mk`} tkfco|kz }nf} yg{ ftk fxftk ga }nk fdzk`jkz f`m

}nf} yg{ jftk fdg{} noe'nkt dko`h o` zjnggc

RTGDCKEZ F@M COEO]F]OG@Z

]noz z}{my oz }g {`mktz}f`m f`m }g tkm{jk }t{f`jy dy jgcckj}o`h zgek mf}f atge o`}ktqokx

]noz o`}ktqokx oz g`cy dfzkm g` }nk gdlkj}oqkz xnojn g`cy o`jc{mk }nk rftk`}z# z}{mk`}z f`m

}kfjnktz Dkzomkz# }nk foe ga }noz z}{my oz `g} }g gqktjgek }t{f`jy rtgdcke d{} o} oz }g {`mktz}f`m

}g tkm{jk }noz rtgdcke ]nktk ftk f akx rtgdckez xnojn o`}ktaktk m{to`h }noz z}{my z{jn fz mf}f

coeo}f}og`# }oek coeo}f}og`# }nk `{edkt ga tkzrg`mk`}z f`m fczg }nk cfji ga mf}f jgcckj}og` ]n{z#

}g gqktjgek }nk coeo}f}og` ga }noz z}{my# xk zng{cm nfqk rck`}y ga }oek# cfthkt `{edkt ga

tkzrg`mk`}z f`m jgcckj} mf}f atge qftog{z zjgrkz



68

JG@JC[ZOG@

]nk z}tf}khokz }g tkm{jk }t{f`jy zng{cm z}ft} atge }nk jfto`h fm{c}z Rftk`}z rcfy }nk

a{`mfek`}fc tgck o` }nk km{jf}og` ga }nkot jnocmtk` @gdgmy kczk jgeef`mz htkf}kt oàc{k`jk o`

hk}}o`h f yg{`h rktzg` }g hg }g zjnggc kqkty mfy f`m tkjghò|o`h ngx f hggm km{jf}og` jf`

mkao`k noz gt nkt a{}{tk Jfto`h ekf`} }nf} }kfjnktz xf`}km f`m k~rkj}km z}{mk`}z }g mg xkcc f`m

}nf} }nky xktk xocco`h }g nkcr }nke mg zg

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4:

understanding truancy problem from various perspectives a case study in a selected school in penang...

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