1. Inna Rivkin, Samuel Johnson, Ellen Lopez, Eliza Orr, Joseph Trimble & the CANHR team

2. Goals of the ProjectDesigned within our longstanding partnership to: Better understandstress and coping inYupik communities Inform a culturally-grounded stress-reduction intervention 3. Understanding Local Conceptions of Stress and Coping Shorter Community Stress Aims to gain insight regarding: and Coping Interview What is the Yupik meaning of (N=113)stress and coping? What are the specific stressorsexperienced? How do Yupik participants copewith stressors? Longer Individual Stress and Coping Interview (N=60) 4. Important Stress Experiences Losing loved ones Suicide Effects of alcohol Family stress Worry about childrenin the community Money issues Work issues 5. Cultural Change353025201510 5Not a Problem0 Some ProblemsOutside Lack ofLack of Lots of Problems Influencesunderstandingknowledge orbetween youth & respect for Yupikelderstraditons /values 6. Yupik Understanding of Stress 7. Yupik Understanding of StressChanges in Stress 8. Yupik Understanding of Stress Causes of Stress 9. Yupik Understanding of Stress Hard to Handle 10. Yupik Understanding of StressImpact of Stress 11. What Gave People Hope Spirituality Engaging in subsistenceactivities Being with their kids Spending timewith family Helping others 12. Ellen D. S. Lopez, Eliza Orr, Inna Rivkin, Samuel Johnson 13. Stress & Coping Project Provided opportunity forinterviews to beconducted in English &Yupik 11 Elders completed interviews in Yupik Interviews conducted with Yupik translator/team member 14. Translation, Translation, &More Translation!Data Collection: English Yupik Questions QuestionsAnalysis & Interpretation: Yupik English ResponsesResponses Reporting backMember Checking & Dissemination: findings in English & YupikCANHR Slide 14 15. Translation ChallengesLack of Equivalent WordsDepressionCoping StressHealthGenetics 16. Translation: Data Collection What does stress mean to you?Nallunritan-qa Stress?(Do you know stress?) Icugg, caarkalissiiyaakuvet?(You know, when you have too much to do?)Icugg, irniavet tuavvluten?(You know, when your kids are distracting you?)CANHRSlide 16 17. Translation: Analysis &Interpretation Translating Yupik responses into English Striving to maintain cultural significance & meaning Interpreting findings Distinguishing data from English & Yupik interviews Assessing differences in themes & codes that emerge acrossYupik & English InterviewsCANHRSlide 17 18. Translation: ReportingFindings & Dissemination Community & workgroup meetings ~ opportunities for: Member checking Clarifying concepts Interpreting cultural meaning Translating findings into Yupik for disseminationto both Yupik & English speakers English powerpoint slides, with concurrent Yupik translationCANHRSlide 18 19. Reflections on Translation Occurs throughout research process Benefit ~ translator who is member ofYupik community & research team Must be prepared to provide examples forproblem words Need balance between respectful listening& jumping in for clarification Must identify & assess differences thatemerge between language groups Community engagement in researchenhances trustworthiness of findings!CANHR Slide 19 20. Quyana!We wish to thank: Our collaborating partners . . . Community members guiding the project Research participants YKHC Traditional Councils CANHR research team. COBRE Grant 2P20 RR016430-06A1 from the National Center for Research Resources ofNIH, for their funding.CANHR 21. Slides 2 & 3:ReferencesManson, S. M., Beals, J., Klein, S. A., & Croy, C. D. (2005). Social epidemiology of trauma among 2 American Indian reservation populations. American Journal of Public Health, 95(5), 851-859.Rivkin, I. D., Lopez, E. D. S., Quaintaince, T. M., Trimble, J., Hopkins, S., Fleming, C., Orr, E. , & Mohatt, G. V. (2011). Value ofcommunity partnership for understanding stress and coping in rural Yupik communities: The CANHR study. Journal of HealthDisparities Research and Practice, 4(3), 1-17.Walters, K. L., & Simoni, J. M. (2002). Reconceptualizing Native womens health: An "indigenist" stress-coping model. American Journalof Public Health, 92(4), 520-524.Wolsko, C., Lardon, C., Hopkins, S., & Ruppert, E. (2006). Conceptions of wellness among the Yupik of the Yukon-KuskokwimDelta: The vitality of social and natural connection. Ethnicity and Health, 11(4), 345-363.Slides 14-18:Regmi, K., Naidoo, J., & Pilkingon, P. (2010). Understanding the processes of translation and transliteration in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 9(1): 16-26. www.ejournals..library.ualberta.ca/index.php/IJQM/article/viewArticle/6829.Smith, H.J., Chen, J., & Liu, X. (2008). Language and rigour in qualitative research: Problems and principles in analyzing data collectedin Mandarin. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(44). Doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-8-44. Electronic version found at:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/8/44Squires, A. (2008). Language barriers and qualitative nursing research: methodological considerations. Int Nurs Rev, 55(3):265-273.doi:10.111/j.1466-7657.2008.00652xTemple, B., & Young, A. (2004). Qualitative research and translation dilemmas. Qualitative Research, 4(2):161-178. doi: 10.1177/1468794104044430Twinn, S. (1997). An exploratory study examining the influence of translation on the validity and reliability of qualitative data innursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26:418-423. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997026418.xWallin, A.M., & Ahlstrom, G. Cross-cultural interview studies using interpreters: systematic literature review. Journal of AdvancedNursing, 55(6):723-735. doi: 10.111/j.1365-2648.2006.03963.xCANHR Slide 21