unescap workshop - colombo 6-7 september 2006 1 introduction to agriculture and food industry of...

UNESCAP Workshop - Colombo 6-7 September 2006

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INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE AND FOOD

INDUSTRY OF TURKEY

Nesrin KAYIPLARHead, Food Sector Section

Ministry of Industry and Trade

[email protected]

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE


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SOME SOCIAL and ECONOMIC INDICATORS of TURKEY

2005

Area (sq kms) 774 815

Population (1000 persons) 72 065

Rate of literacy (%) 85

GNP (USD billion) 361

Per Capita GNP 5 008

GNP Growth rate (%) 7.6

Agriculture in GNP (%) 10.3

Total Employment (1000 persons) 22 046

Agriculture in Employment (%) 29.45

Total Exports (USD million) 73.414

Total Imports (USD million) 116.553

Agriculture in Exports (%) 11.2


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OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

Agriculture in TURKEY

Food Industry of TURKEY


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AGRICULTURE IN TURKEY


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Historically, the agriculture sector

has been Turkey’s largest employer and a major contributor to the country’s

GDPExports Industrial growth


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BUT……As the country has developed,

agriculture has declined in importance

relative to

the rapidly growing industry and services sectors.


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Agriculture’s share in GDP has declined from;

35% in 1970to 22% in 1980

13% in 2000and to 10 % in 2005

But still, it accounts for a relatively larger share of total output and employment than in many other countries.


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Turkey is the largest producer and exporter of agricultural products in the Near East and North African region.

In 2005, export of agricultural commodities accounted for:

11.2 of Turkey’s total export earnings.


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The principal objectives of the Turkish agricultural policy are;

to stabilize agricultural prices; to provide growing population;

to increase yields and outputs;

to reduce the vulnerability of production to weather conditions;

to develop rural areas;

to promote the application of modern agricultural techniques

to develop the export potential of agriculture.


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Sunflower, rice, roots, sugarbeets

Olives, grapes, cotton, tobacco, pulses, vegetables, tubers

Cereals, sugarbeets, grapes, pulses, vegetables, tubers, livestock

Cotton, cereals, citrus, rice, vegetables, pulses

Fodder, cereals, fruits, tobacco, sugarbeets

Cereals, sugarbeets, grapes, pulses, vegetables, tubers, livestock

Fodder, wheat, tubers, pulses, livestock

HazelnutsTeaRiceTobacco

Cereals, rice, vegetables, pulses, fruits

Regional Agriculture Pattern of TURKEY

http://www.turkishodyssey.com/_vti_bin/shtml.dll/maps/maps.htm/map


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FOOD INDUSTRY OF TURKEY


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20% of the total Value Addition of the Production sector in Turkey, is being met by Food industry.

Sugar, Tea,Tobacco and Alcoholic beverages are beingproduced by State-owned establishments.

Most of the State-owned food production establishementshas been privatized.


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Turkish food industry is mainly composed of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)Employment is around 250,000 people . Totally, there are 25,000 company running in this business. Major Production areas are;

- Pastry and Milling Products- Frozen fruits and vegetables- Tomato Paste - Dried grapes- Dried fig- Dried Apricot- Olive oil- Olive- Hazelnut- Pistachio nut


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The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) is the main and competent authority with regard to food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary. General Directorate of Protection and Control (GDPC) of MARA is the competent authority in charge of controlling and regulating the sector.

GDPC is also the contact point for international institutions and agencies.

FOOD INDUSTRY LEGISLATION IN TURKEY


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Legal Framework (Primary Legislation):

– Decree Law no. 441 on Organisation and Duties of MARA (O.G. 09.07.1991, No. 20955)

– Food Law no.5179 (O.G. 05.06.2004, No.25483 )

– Animal Health Control Law no. 3285 (O.G. 08.05.1986, No.19109 )

– Animal Breeding Law no. 4631 (O.G. 28.02.2001, No. 24338 )

– Feed Law no.1734 (O.G. 07.07.1973, No. 14557)

– Fisheries Law no. 1380 (O.G. 22.03.1971, No.13799 )

– Law of 308 on Registration Control and Certification of Seeds

(O.G. 29.08.1963, No.11493 )

– Law on Protection of Breeder’s Rights of New Plant Varieties no. 5042

(O.G. 08.01.2004, No. 25347)

– Plant Protection and Quarantine Law no. 6968 (O.G. 08.05.1986, No. 9615)


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OTHER MINISTRIES AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED ANDTHEIR AREA OF COMPETENCIES

Ministry of Interior (via Municipalities and Special Provincial Administrations)

Issuing working licence and registration of food establishments in accordance with Law no. 5302, Law no. 5393 and Law no. 5197

Ministry of Health (General Directorate of Primary Health Services)

The principles concerning water and foods intended for special medical purposes are specified by the Ministry of Health.

Ministry of Health has the right of intervention in cases of emergency concerning public health in accordance with Law no.5179.


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Organized Industrial Areas

For food establishments within organized industrial areas, working licenses are issued by the administration of these organized industrial areas in accordance with Law no. 4562.

Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Animal protection Law no. 5199 gives responsibility and competence to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The environment related issues are the main responsibility of the Ministry.

Undersecretariat of Foreign Trade

UFT carries out export controls in accordance with the National Standards of Turkish Standard Institute in order to protect and improve the image of Turkish goods in accordance with Law no. 4059

Ministry of Industry and Trade

In the DG for Industry, there is a Food Sector Section and we follow up the recent developments, export/import figures of the industry.


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Legislation related to Other Ministries and Public Institutions;

– Metropolitan Municipality Law no. 5216 (O.G. 23.07.2004, No. 25531)

– Municipalities Law no. 5393 (O.G. 13.07.2005, No. 25874)

– Law no. 5197 on Special Provincial Administration (O.G. 04.03.2005, No. 25745)

– Organized Industrial Areas Law No. 4562 (O.G. 15.04.2000, No.24025)

– Animal Protection Law no. 5199 (O.G. 01.06.2004, No. 25509)

– General Hygiene Law no.1593 (O.G. 06.05.1930, No. 1489)

– Consumer Protection and Competition Law no. 4077 (O.G. 08.03.1995, No. 22221)

– The Law Relating to the Preparation And Implementation of the Technical

Legislation on Agricultural Products no. 4703 (O.G. 11.06.2001, No. 24459)

– Customs Law no. 4458 (O.G. 04.11.1999, No. 23866)

– Environment Law no.2872 (O.G. 11.08.1983, No.18132)


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GDPC’s Food Safety Strategy is in line with that of the EU;

Adoption and implementation of EU legislation,

A high level protection of human health,

Adoption of an integrated approach to food safety throughout the food

chain,

Protection of animal health, control and eradication of diseases,

Animal movement and quarantine,

Phytosanitary and plant health, quarantine measures,

Increase the implementation of preventive measures to avoid food

contamination at its origin.


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Turkish Food Industry is mainly based on the following sub-industries;

1- Fruits and Vegetables Production2- Milk and Dairy Products Production3- Vegetable Oil Production4- Sugar Confectionary - Chocolate and Cocoa Products Industry5- Pastry and Milling Industry6- Organic Agricultural Production 7- Meat Products and Poultry


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FRUITS AND VEGETABLES PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

In the production of the fruits and vegetables, preserving food has an age-old tradition for Turkish society (preserving by salting drying).

-One of the rapidly growing agroindustry sector is “Frozen fruit and vegetable” industry.

- One of the most developed branch is “Fruit juice and Concentrates” industry.

- Turkish Tomato Paste has high volume of trade because of it’s quality in the world markets.


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- Dried fruits industry is another well developed section of the F&V industry such as dried fig, apricot and raisin.

-Canned F&V section showed very rapid development total production increased by 80% in last 10 years.


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MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS INDUSTRY;

Despite it’s fragmented structure, Turkey is the largest milk and dairy products in the region.

The rich varieties of cheese makes Turkey one of most prefferred cheese suppliers in the world.

“Oltu” cheese, “Tulum” cheese, feta cheese, salinized Diyarbakır “orgu” cheese are some the examples of traditional products.


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VEGETABLE OILS INDUSTRY;

Because of the suitable climatic and ecological conditions, Turkey has an important place amongst other countries in the oilseed production…

Olive Oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, daphne oil and hazelnut oil are mainly produced in Turkey Olive oil is becoming a healthiest alternative oil in edible oils Turkey’s high potential of production capacity in olive oil makes it one of the few exporters in the market


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SUGAR CONFECTIONARY & COCOA PRODUCTSINDUSTRY;

Because of the modernization of the plants and new investments, this sector has become one of the most progressed food sector in Turkey.

Major products are various types of candies, chewing gum and some traditional products such as Turkish delight, Halva which date back to the old ages


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PASRTY AND MILLING INDUSTRY;

Since Turkey is really a big cereal producer in the world; pastry and milling industry became very well developed. Major Products are;

- Wheat flour- Semolina- Cracked wheat- Bread - Macaroni- Biscuits


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ORGANIC ARGICULTURAL PRODUCTS;

Nowadays consumers are becoming more and more interested in environmentally sound products, because of the continously expanding awareness.

In Turkey, The movement towards healhty food and organic agricultural products has started during the second half of the 1980s.

Turkey’s plant variety and virginity of the soil makes it one of the countries best suited for organic cultivation.

There are almost 30 kinds of agricultural products are being organically produced in Turkey, such as apricot and dried figs.


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MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Main meat products produced in Turkey, are;

SoudjoukPastrami SalamiSausageFried Meat

Domestic poultry meat consumption have grown most quickly, largely displacing traditional meats such as lamb, mutton, and goat.


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FOOD INDUSTRY IN TURKEY;

Today, Turkish food producers is striving for opening to the world markets, by combining their traditional skills with modern technology.


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FINALLY……


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Processing &packaging industry is progressing rapidly

Food regulations are being harmonised with EU

SMEs are major companies (90-95% by number) and needs to be assisted scientificly and technologicallly

Turkey has a high potential for agricultural production


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Frozen foods, oils&fats, tomato paste, confectionery sector use modern technologies

Food safety systems (i.e HACCP, GMP) and QA systems (i.e. ISO9000) are being established in the enterprises.

Ready to eat, functional, organic foods are becoming popular as the changes in consumer trends.

Natural drying is mostly applied for fruits/vegetables.

Fresh preservation(CA,MAP,minimally processing) needs to be improved.


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THANK YOU...

unescap workshop - colombo 6-7 september 2006 1 introduction to agriculture and food industry of...

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