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THE DYNAMIC EARTH Section 2: The Atmosphere Standards: SEV1a, SEV1e

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Page 1: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

THE DYNAMIC EARTHSection 2: The Atmosphere

Standards: SEV1a, SEV1e

Page 2: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

What is the atmosphere?

Mixture of gases that surround the Earth.

Page 3: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

What is the composition of the atmosphere?

78% nitrogen From volcanoes,

decaying organisms 21% oxygen

From plants 1% various gases:

argon, CO2, methane, water vapor

Particulates From soil, salt, fire ash,

pollen, bacteria, aerosols (tiny, liquid droplets)

Page 4: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

What are the layers of the atmosphere?

Troposphere Closest to earth Densest layer Where weather occurs Temperature decreases as you

reach upper levels Stratosphere

Where ozone layer found Temperature increases as you

reach upper levels Ozone layer decreases UV radiation

that reaches Earth’s surface Mesosphere

Coldest layer Thermosphere

Outermost layer Hottest layer but doesn’t feel hot

due to lack of heat transfer between air particles

Page 5: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

Why is the atmosphere important?

Helps control temperature of planet.

Without gases in atmosphere it would be too cold to live here.

Page 6: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

What is “Earth’s Energy Budget”?

Solar energy reaches earth as visible light, infrared radiation, and UV light.

About 50% reaches surface of Earth and is absorbed by land and ocean.

25% scattered & reflected by clouds

20% absorbed by ozone, clouds, gases

5% reflected by Earth’s surface (light colored)

Page 7: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

How does the atmosphere help control the temperature of Earth?

After Earth’s radiation strikes surface of Earth it re-radiates and is trapped by greenhouse gases in atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases include: CO2, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide

Greenhouse effect is VITAL- without it planet would be too cold!

TOO MUCH greenhouse gas CAN be bad- planet can get too hot.

Page 8: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

How are wind patterns created? Caused by uneven

heating of earth’s atmosphere which creates convection currents.

Convection currents- air heats up and rises; air cools and sinks; repeat

Page 9: Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere

Why are cities usually hotter than rural areas?

Urban Heat Island Effect Cities have darker

surfaces and fewer plants so therefore store more heat and have higher temperatures than rural areas.

How can this problem be mitigated (fixed)? Watch video and write down some ideas…

Heat Island Video Segments from EPA

Heat & Health Clip= 2:05 minMitigation= 2:06 min

http://www.epa.gov/hiri/about/videos.htm
http://www.epa.gov/hiri/about/videos.htm

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