unit 1: matter! from atoms to electricity...

UNIT 1: MATTER! FROM ATOMS TO ELECTRICITY

Atoms

Everywhere LESSON 1

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All matter consists of atoms. Students learn atoms serve as the basic building blocks of the world around them. They gain an understanding of the fundamental aspects of matter,

UNIT 1: MATTER! FROM ATOMS TO ELECTRICITY

Atoms

Everywhere LESSON 1

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Table of Contents

4 Launch! Matter. Matter makes up everything.

6 Matter Matters A1: Matter. All matter takes up its own space, even when we cannot see it.

12 Oh So SmallA2: Atoms. Atoms are very small building blocks of matter.

18 Atomic PartnersA3: Parts of an atom. Atoms have protons, neutrons, and electrons.

26 It’s ElementaryA4: Elements. Same type of atoms connect together to form elements.

36 We Stick TogetherA5: Molecules. Different types of atoms join together to make molecules.

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Ready?Familiarize yourself with Matter Matters lyrics (U1.L1.Launch!-page 5).

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 1: • Matter Matters (Matter)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Oh So Small (Atoms)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 3: • Atomic Partners (Parts of an atom)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 4: • It’s Elementary (Elements)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • We Stick Together (Molecules)

Go!Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students.

Hawaii StandardsSC.K.6.1

SC.1.1.2SC.1.2.2

MaterialsMatter Matters (mp3 and lyrics)

Launch!(Matter)

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matter makes up Everything.

What Do scientists

call ANYthing that takes up

space?

matter!

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Launch!Sing Matter Matters as a class.

Everything’s made of matterFrom the shoes you wear to the smile on your faceMatter fits together in a pattern That makes up everything all over the place!

Matter is made of tiny building blocks called atomsWhen atoms come together they make a moleculeThere are many types of molecules you’ve probably heard ofLike the oxygen you breathe and the water in the pool!

Matter matters 3xOooh matter matters

How it worksMatter! You, your family, friends, plants, animals, your desk, your shoes, and more! Uncle says most of the things you can see or touch is matter.

Think about it...What do scientists call anything that takes up space?

What’s in a Word?Matter and material both come from the same Latin word, materia meaning “wood or timber.”

Historical NotePhilosophers of ancient Greece thought a lot about matter. Before the discovery of matter, they thought everything was madeofearth,air,fire,orwater.

On a related noteNowadays, scientists know atoms combine to form matter!

Launch!(Matter)

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Ready?ExploreCover table with newspaper.

ElaboratePre-cut pieces of foil.

Pour water into cubbie bin.

EvaluateInflateandtieoffaballoon.

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Oh So Small (Atoms)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activtiy 3: • Atomic Partners (Parts of an atom)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • We Stick Together (Molecules)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activtiy 4: • It’s Elementary (Elements)Unit 1-Lesson 2-Activity 1: • In What State Am I? (States of Matter)Unit 2-Lesson 2-Activity 1: • Warm, Warmer, Warmest (Add Heat) Unit 2-Lesson 4-Activity 4: • Pressure Changes Everything (Air Pressure)Unit 6-Lesson 2-Activity 4: • Can You Give Me A Lift? (Levers)


MaterialsEmpty plastic bottle(1 per student) Balloon (1 per student) NewspaperClear glass cups (2 per group)WaterTapeMarblesAluminum foilCubbie binPennies

Matter Matters(Matter)

Hawaii StandardsSC.K.6.1

SC.1.1.2SC.1.2.2SC.1.6.1

SC.2.1.1SC.2.1.2

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All matter takes up its own space, even when we cannot see it.

What takesup space?

matter!

7

EngageBlow a balloon into a bottle individually!

Discuss if air is matter.•Can you see, taste, or hear air? Can you feel it if you wave your hand in front of your face? Does it take up space? Is there anything in your plastic bottle?

Push closed end of balloon into bottle.•Hold on to mouth of balloon.

Stretch mouth of balloon over mouth of bottle.•

Blow into the balloon!•Observe balloon.

Discuss how air takes up space.•Whatotherobjectscanyoufillwithair?

**Activity Extension**Play with air individually.

Move your arms!•Swing,spin,andflapthem.

Feel yourself pushing through air. •

Reading ResourceTouch It! Materials, Matter, and You by Adrienne Mason (530 ma)

Name That ScientistCondensed matter physicists study solids and liquids.

Invention CenterMoving air can provide energy.Itcanfillthesailsof a boat and push it along the water, moves windmills and generates electricity.

Think about it...Is air matter?

Matter Matters(Matter)

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Reef Pulse - U1 L1 A1

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ExploreDo the Rising Water Experiment in small groups.

Ask a question.•Can two things (marble and water) share the same space?

Do background research.•Discuss results of Engage (U1.L1.A1-page 7) activity.

Make a prediction.•

Create a control.•Pour water into a clear glass. Should be about half full. Use tape to mark water level. Line up the top edge of tape with top of water.

Create a variable.•Pour same amount of water in second glass. Use tape to mark water level. Line up the top edge of tape with top of water.

Conduct test.•Place marbles into one of the glasses. Gently drop marbles. Do not splash!

Compare the level of water in the two glasses.•Was your prediction correct?

**Activity Extension**Read Aesop’s The Crow and the Pitcher (398.2 Br).

How does this fable relate to the experiment?

Think about it...Can two things share the same space?

Matter Matters

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ExplainMatter is anything which takes up space. If this seems to describe a lot, you are right! Nearly everything around you is matter.

Is air matter?Yes! Just because we cannot see air, it doesn’t mean it does not take up space. Since air is a gas, it spreads out more than a solid or liquid.Could you blow a lot of air into the balloon? No! The bottle already had air in it. even though it looked empty. Aunty says the air in the bottle took up space. It kept the balloon from getting big.

Can two things share the same space?No! Why did the water level go upwards? Because the marbles pushed the water out of the way. Marbles and water can share the same glass. But they cannot share the same space inside the glass.

Scientists Say......displace when objects push water out of the way.

Did You Know?The amount of water pushed out of the way equals the amount of marbles!

Career CornerChefs use displacement to measure shortening or peanut butter.

Matter Matters



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ElaborateExperiment with a boat on the ocean individually.

Ask a question.•Whydoboatsfloat?Imagineyouareridinginaboat.Youbounceupanddownonthewaves, but you do not sink!

Do background research.•

Construct a hypothesis.•“If (I do this), then (this) will happen.”

Test with an experiment.•Make a boat out of aluminum foil to test your prediction. Place it in a cubbie bin filledwithwater.Seehowmanypenniestheboatcanholdbeforeitsinks.Doestheplacement of the pennies make a difference?

Analyze data.•

Communicate results.•

How it worksDisplacement! If you add more weight (pennies), then more water will push on the boat. If you put all the weight on one side, the boat pushes more than the water can push back. This causes the boat to tip sideways.

Think about it...Whydoboatsfloat?

Matter Matters


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EvaluateWhat takes up space?

Play Matter Balloon Toss in a class circle.

Toss balloon around circle.•Tap balloon gently to keep up in air.

Name something which has matter as you hit balloon.•

What happens to the air in a bottle when you pour in water?

AssessSC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties,

materials of which they are made).

SC.1.1.2 Explain the results of an investigation to an audience using simple data organizers (e.g., charts, graphs, pictures).

SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids, and gases and their basic properties.

SC.2.1.1 Develop predictions based on observations.SC.2.1.2 Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely

to test a prediction.

Did You know?Energy is not matter. It interacts with matter very closely, but it is not matter.

On a related note...Atoms do not form your imagination, and thoughts. Therefore, scientists do not call them matter.

But to confuse matters, we ask “what’s the matter?” when referring to them!

NOAA LinkOften in science, once-imaginary tools become real objects with matter.Explore what NOAA has planned for its future.

www.celebrating200years.noaa.gov>> Visions

Matter Matters



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Oh So Small(Atoms)

Ready?ExploreBorrow the book How Much is a Million? by David M. Schwartz (Easy/Picture Books S).

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 1: • Matter Matters (Matter)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 3: • Atomic Partners (Parts of an Atom)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 4:• It’s Elementary (Elements) Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 5:• We Stick Together (Molecules)


MaterialsHow Much is a Million?(Easy/Picture Books S) RulerWriting materials

Hawaii StandardsSC.K.2.1SC.K.6.1

SC.1.6.1


Atoms are very small building blocks of matter.

What is all matter made of?

Atoms!

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EngageThink small individually!

What is the smallest thing you can see in the room?•

What is smaller than that?•



Keiki StorytimeWhat’s Smaller than a Pygmy Shrew? by Robert E. Wells (J 539 W)

What’s in a Word?Atom comes from the Greekprefixa (not) and the noun tomos (cutting).When you cut something so small you could no longer cut it into smaller pieces, Greeks called it atomos.

Historical NoteDemocritus, a philosopher in ancient Greece, came up with the name atomos around 400 BC, long before the invention of microscopes strong enough to see atoms!

Think about it...Are atoms big or small?



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ExploreSee how many atoms can fit on a line individually.

Read • How Much is a Million? by David M. Schwartz.

Draw a one-inch line segment.•

Write “250,000,000” within the segment.•

Think about it...Howmanyatomscanfitonaone-inchline?

Oh So Small


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ExplainEverything around you is matter. Atoms comprise the smallest particles of matter. It takes billions of them to form the chair on which you sit or the air you inhale.

Are atoms big or small?Small! You cannot see them with your eyes. Uncle says inventors recently developed special high-powered microscopes that can isolate oneatom(aboutonefive-hundredthousandththewidthofahumanhair). Wow! Do you see why the ancient Greeks called them atomos (not cuttable)?

Howmanyatomscanfitonaone-inchline?Twohundredfiftymillion.Amazing!

Reading ResourceWhat Are Atoms? by Lisa Trumbauer (J 539.7)

Just for FunTake a strip of paper eleven inches long. Cut it in half 31 times. This is the size of an atom. (You probably will not get past ten cuts!)

Invention CenterGermans Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska invented the electron microscope in the 1930’s.



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ElaborateConceptualize a life-size atom individually.

Holdyourfistoutinfrontofyou.•Pretend this is the nucleus (center) of an atom.

Think about where the outermost electron orbit would go.•

How it worksSixmilesaway!Ifthenucleusofanatomwasthesizeofyourfist,itsoutermostelectron orbit would lie six miles away. That is from Aloha Tower Market Place to Diamond Head crater.

Think about it...Just how small is an atom?

Oh So Small


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EvaluateWhat is all matter made of?

Invent a hand sign for atom.•

Teacher: Point to an object.•

Students: Show sign for atom if you believe the object is made •up of atoms.

Are you made up of atoms?

AssessSC.K.2.1 Identify different types of technologies at home, in the classroom,

and/or in the world.SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes.

SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids, and gases and their basic properties.

Web ResourceView this amazing nine minute video exploring things microscopic and in the universe exponentially.

www.videosift.comSearch “IBM: Powers of Ten”

Just for funOrder a child-safe spinthariscope to split atoms!

www.unitednuclear.com

NOAA LinkDiscover how researchers at NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center mapped the US southern boundary of auroras, (interactions of electrons with neutral atoms).

www.swpc.noaa.gov/info >> Relationship between Kp and the Aurora



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Ready?EngageBe sure to wash your hands after you crack the raw egg.

ElaboratePunch out dots from foam sheets (yellow, blue, green).

Cut black foam sheets into large circles.

EvaluateMake salt dough.

Putflour,salt,andcreamoftartarinalargebowl.Pourboilingwaterintobowl all at once. Let it cool for ten minutes. Stir carefully until cooledKnead by hand until smooth. Add oil and knead again (for added smoothness). Dough can be refrigerated for two days.

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 1: • Matter Matters (Matter) Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Oh So Small (Atoms) Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 4: • It’s Elementary (Elements) Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • We Stick Together (Molecules) Unit 1-Lesson 4-Activity 2: • Lightning Zaps! (Static Electricity and Lightning)


MaterialsEgg (1 per group)Bowl (1 per group)Spirograph™Foam sheets (yellow, blue, green, black)Hole punchMagnetGlueWriting materialsCodesheet (U1.L1.A3-page 24)Flour (3 cups)Salt (11/2 cups)Cream of tartar (1/2 Tbsp)Boiling water (3 cups)Vegetable oil (1/2 Tbsp)Mixing bowlMixing spoon

Hawaii StandardsSC.K.1.3SC.K.2.1SC.K.6.1

SC.1.6.1

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Atomic partners(Parts of an atom)


atoms have protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What do you call protons, neutrons and electrons?

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons!

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EngageFind a nucleus in small groups.

Crack open an egg into a bowl. •Try not to break the yolk.

Find the nucleus (yellow yolk).•

Discuss the word • nucleus.

Think about it...What parts compose the center of an atom? What’s in a

Word?Nucleus is Latin for “kernel.”

Interesting FactEven as recently as the end of the nineteenth century, scientists thought atoms were nothing more than a tiny, indivisible sphere.

Name that ScientistAtomic physicists study electrons. Particle physicists study protons and neutrons.



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ExploreCreate orbitals in small groups.

Make designs with the • Spirograph™ circle tool.

Put two dots in center of circle.•

Put one dot on the outer pattern.•

**Activity Extension**Add labels!

Label the dots in the center: nucleus (proton and neutron). •Label the dot on the circle: electron.•

Think about it...What part composes the outside of the atom?

Atomic Partners


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ExplainAtoms have three parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons make up the center of the atom, called the nucleus. Electrons move around the nucleus. Different types of atoms have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What parts compose the center of an atom?Nucleus! Like the egg yolk in the center of the egg white, atoms have acentercalledanucleus.Auntysaysyoufindprotonsandneutronsinthe nucleus of an atom.

What part composes the outside of the atom’s nucleus?Electrons! Your pattern shows what an atom’s electron paths would look like if you could track them. Uncle says orbitals act like a cloud holding electrons around the nucleus.

What’s in a Word?Proton comes from the Greek word protos (first).Electron comes from the word electric.

Did You Know?Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no electric charge, and electrons are negatively charged.

Invention centerInventors strip off the electrons from atoms and use them for electrical power.



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ElaborateBuild an atomic display individually.

Pick a number from 1 - 10.•

Select electrons.•Pick that number of dots out of the yellow (electron) foam pile.

Select protons.•Pick the same number of blue foam dots (protons) as electrons (yellow dots).

Gather neutrons.•Look up your selected number on the codesheet (U1.L1.A3-page 24). Pick the number of green dots (neutrons) corresponding with your chosen number.

Form a nucleus.•Glue proton(s) (blue dots) and neutron(s) (green dots) in an overlapping pile in the center of large, black, foam circle.

Glue electron(s) (yellow dots) around the nucleus.•Take care not to overlap yellow dots! The electrons should not touch the nucleus.

Glue magnet to back.•Takecaredotshavedried,first!

How it worksNo! Some atoms may have the number per one piece. Beryllium and boron both have fiveneutrons,forexample.Buteveryatomhasauniquecombinationofelectrons,protons, and neutrons.

**Activity Extension**Create a stand for your atom.

See U1.L1.A3-page 25 for instructions.

Think about it...Do all atoms have the same number of protons, neutrons, or electrons?

Atomic Partners


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EvaluateWhat are the parts of an atom?

Answer by making a model atom with salt dough.

What other objects have a nucleus?

AssessSC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things.SC.K.2.1 Identify different types of technologies at home, in the classroom,

and/or in the world.SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties, materials of which they are made).

SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids, and gases and their basic properties.

SC.2.8.1 Identify different earth materials and classify them by their physical properties.

Did You Know?Even though protons and electrons balance each other, protons are much larger than electrons.

Interesting FactScientists now know there exists even smaller pieces than protons and electrons, called quarks!

NOAA LinkPositive and negative atoms are important in batteries, which power submersible crafts.

www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov >> Technology >> Submersibles >> Pisces IV and Pisces



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Atom model - CodesheetActivity 3: Atomic Partners (elaborate)

Eventhoughthereare118elements,youpickedanelementwithinthefirstten.Thenumber you selected tells you how many protons and how many electrons your element has. (They are the same number!) An atom’s nucleus also contains neutrons. To calculate the number of neutrons, subtract the number of protons from the weight of the atom. (Most periodic tables list the weight.) Our chart has already calculated the number of neutrons for you.

1 1 1 0 hydrogen2 2 2 2 helium3 3 3 4 lithium4 4 4 5 beryllium5 5 5 5 boron6 6 6 6 carbon7 7 7 7 nitrogen8 8 8 8 oxygen9 9 9 10 fluorine10 10 10 10 neon

Number of Green

Dots

Number of blue Dots

Number of yellow

DotsNumber

you picked

Number of electrons

Number of protons

Number of neutrons

Element Name

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Atomic Pyramid DisplayActivity 3: Atomic Partners (elaborate)

2. Unfold the paper. Cut along the one crease to the center of the paper.

3. Overlap triangle B with triangle A and secure them with tape.

4. Stand the paper structure on its open base.

5. Glue atom magnet (U1.L1.A3-page 22) to a side of your new pyramid!

Fold

over

A

B

AA

B

1. Fold a piece of paper twice tomake diagonal creases. Cut off the bottom strip to make the paper square.

Glue

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It’s Elementary(Elements)

Ready?EngageFamiliarize yourself with Periodic Elements lyrics (U1.L1.A4-page 27).

NOTE: This song is meant to be a tool to help students become familiar with the names of different elements. You may wish to set aside time each day to sing through verses of the song until students learn it.

ElaborateWash and dry an empty half-gallon milk carton.

Cutoutonefrontsideofcarton.Pushintoptoflatten.Formaflattopbytaping it down.

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 1: • Matter Matters (Matter) Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Oh So Small (Atoms)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 3• : Atomic Partners (Parts of an Atom) Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • We Stick Together (Molecules)


MaterialsPeriodic Elements (mp3 and lyrics)Empty half-gallon milk carton (1 per student)Craft supplies

Hawaii StandardsSC.K.1.1SC.K.1.3SC.K.6.1

SC.1.1.1SC.1.1.2SC.1.6.1

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!

Same type of atoms connect together to form elementS.

What do you call the

same type of atomS joined together?

element!

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Hydrogen, Helium,Lithium, Beryllium,Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen,Oxygen, Fluorine,

Neon, Sodium, Magnesium,Aluminum, Silicon,Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon,Potassium, Calcium,

Scandium, Titanium,Vanadium, Chromium,Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel,Copper, Zinc, Gallium,

Germanium, Arsenic, Selenium,Bromine, Krypton, Rubidium,Strontium, Yttrium, Zirconium,Niobium, Molybdenum,

Technetium, Ruthenium,Rhodium, Palladium,Silver, Cadmium, Indium, Tin,Antimony, Tellurium,

Iodine, Xenon, Cesium,Barium, Lanthanum, Cerium,Praseodymium, Neodymium,Promethium, Samarium,

Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium,Lutetium, Hafnium, Tantalum,

Tungsten, Rhenium, Osmium,Iridium, Platinum, Gold, Mercury, Thallium, Lead,Bismuth, Polonium, Astatine,

Radon, Francium, Radium,Actinium, Thorium,Protactinium, Uranium,Neptunium, Plutonium,

Americium, Curium,Berkelium, Californium,Einsteinium, Fermium,Mendelevium, Nobelium,

Lawrencium, Rutherfordium,Dubnium, Seaborgium,Bohrium, Hassium, Meitnerium,Darmstadtium, Roentgenium,

RECENTLY DISCOVERED:

Coperninium, Ununtrium,Ununquadium,Ununpentium, Ununhexium,Ununseptium, Ununoctium.

Reading ResourceThe Periodic Table: Elements with Style! by Adrian Dingle (J 546.8 Di)

Scientists Say......periodic table of elements for the chart organizing elements by properties.

Did you know?The periodic table gets its name from the fact that the elements’ properties repeat themselves periodically.

Think about it...What is an element?

EngageSing Periodic Elements as a class.



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ExploreLearn some elements as a class.

Say, “oxygen.”•Take deep breaths of air.

Say, “hydrogen.”•Twinklefingersaboveheadtomimicstars.

Say, “sodium.”•Pretend to sprinkle salt on food.

Say, “chlorine.”•Make swimming motions.

Repeat multiple times.•

It’s Elementary

Think about it...What are some examples of elements?


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ExplainWhen like atoms combine, they form an element.

What is an element?One type of atom joined together! Uncle says gold is an atom (Au on the periodic table). It is also an element when more than one gold atom joins together. You would not be able to see a single gold atom, but if many-many gold atoms stuck together, it would form a nugget of pure gold.

What are some other elements?Oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, chlorine! You have probably already heard of some elements. We breathe oxygen every day. Stars have lots of hydrogen. Sodium is in salt and chlorine is used in pools to keep it clean. Remember all elements are made of only one kind of atom.

Reading ResourceCheck out your local library for children’s books about individual elements!

What’s in a Word?Oxygen comes from the Greek oxys (acid) and genes (creation). Hydrogen comes from Greek hydros (water) and genes. Sodium comes from the Greek nitron, a natural salt. Chlorine comes from the Greek khloros (light green).

Did you know?At the nanoscale, the element gold reacts differently with light and appears red, not yellow, in color.

It’s Elementary



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ElaborateCreate a periodic table diorama as a class.

•Selectoneofthefirstthirty-sixelementsindividually.Look at U1.L1.A5-pages 32-33 for information about your element.

•Designandcraftadioramaforyourelementinmilkcarton.Label your box with the name of element.

•Stackallcartonstorepresentthestartofaperiodictable.Use U1.L1.A5-page 34 for assistance.

How it worksEach element has its own square! Elements with similar properties (for example, metals or non-metals) line up in the same column. Scientists arrange elements on a periodic chart in order of their atomic numbers (number of protons in the atom).

Think about it...Why does the periodic table of elements look the way it does?

It’s Elementary


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EvaluateWhat do you call the same type of atom joined together?

Write the name of an element on a piece of paper individually.

Pretend the paper is transformed into that element.•

Cut your element (paper) into pieces.•

If each piece represents an atom, what type is it?•

How many different kinds of naturally occurring atoms exist?

HINT: Ninety elements occur naturally.

AssessSC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations.SC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things.SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties, materials of

which they are made).

SC.1.1.1 Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely.

SC.1.1.2 Explain the results of an investigation to an audience using simple data organizers (e.g., charts, graphs, pictures).SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids, and gases and their basic properties.


Did you Know?Ninety elements occur naturally. Scientists have made about 25 more in their laboratories.

On a Related Note...In April 2008, researchers may have discovered the firstnaturallyoccurringheavy element in more than 50 years. The discovery of element 122 in a thorium deposit waits confirmation.

NOAA LinkScientists measure the elements in the atmosphere around Mauna Loa. Check out the Carbon Tracker, which measures carbon dioxide emitted from the volcano!

www.noaa.govSearch “MLO Carbon Tracker”

It’s Elementary



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AlumiNumMakes vehicles, packaging, and building material.

Used in water treatment.

Once considered more valuable than gold.

ArGoNUsed in lasers during surgery to weld arteries, cut out tumors, and correct eye defects.

Greek for lazy one

ArsENicVery poisonous

Used to make pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides.

Smell resembles garlic.

BErylliumOriginally called glucinium (Greek for sweet is glykos).

Tastes salty-sweet, but is very poisonous!

Greek for whiten or become pale (beryllos)

Discovered in 1798.

Used in nuclear weapons.

BoroNEssential plant nutrient.

Makes the distinctive green flame in flares.

Makes borax for laundry detergents.

Turkey and the United States are world’s largest producers.

BromiNEGreek for stench of he-goats (bromos)

Toxic to inhale

Used to make dyes, medicines, disinfectants, and flame retardants.

cAlciumSoft, grey metal.

Burns with a yellow-red flame.

Used to make car tires, wax crayons, insecticides, paints and chalk.

cArBoNFound in graphite.

Found as both softest and hardest known naturally occurring substance.

Mixed with clay to make pencil lead.

chloriNEUsed to make bleach and disinfectants.

Pale green, poisonous gas

chromiumMakes a ruby red.

Used to color many dyes and paints.

coBAltUsed to dye inks and paints blue.

Important in radiation therapy

German for goblin (kobalt)

Miners named it goblin because thought worthless.

Poisonous.

coppErConducts electricity.

Used to make electrical wires.

Named after Cyprus, where it was orginally mined during the Roman Empire.

First called cyprium, then cuprum, and now copper.

Nickels are 75% copper and 25% nickel.

FluoriNELatin for “to flow” (fluere)

Most chemically reactive element

Found in your toothpaste as fluorine.

Makes surfaces non-stick.

GAlliumBrilliant silver color

Melts in your hand.

Does not exist freely in nature. GErmANiumHard, grayish-white element

Used to make wide angle camera and microscope lenses.

Has same crystal structure as diamond.

hydroGENLightest element.

Forms stars.

hEliumSecond lightest element

Inflates balloons.

Provides lift in airships.

iroNUsed to make automobiles, buildings, stuctural components, and ship hulls.

KryptoNUsed in fluorescent lamps.

Greek for hidden one (kryptos)

lithiumGreek for stone (lithos)

In cellular phone and watch batteries

Soft enough to cut with a knife

Discovered in the 1700s in Sweden.

Element Starter Facts (first few elements)

U1-L1-A4: It’s Elementary (elaborate)


Element Starter Facts (first few elements)

U1-L1-A4: It’s Elementary (elaborate)

NicKElSilvery, white metal

Magnetic

Used to make stainless steel and coins.

mAGNEsiumMakes bright white flame used in fireworks and ocean flares.

Named after an area in Greece called Magnesia.

Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) used to soak aches and bruises.

Found in chlorophyll.

mANGANEsEMagnetic.

Sometimes used to make coins.

NEoNMakes signs that plug in and glow brightly.

Discovered by two English chemists in 1898.

NitroGENMakes up 78% of Earth’s atmosphere.

Used instead of air in race car or airplane tires.

oxyGENProduced in photosynthesis.

Greek for acid (oxys) producer (genes)

Discovered by Polish alchemist in 1700s who called it “the elixir of life.”

phosphorusGreek for light (phos) bearer (phoros)

Glows when exposed to air.

Used to make explosives, fireworks, toothpaste, matches, pesticides, and detergents.

Smells like garlic when it burns.

potAssiumBurns with a purple flame.

Makes up about 24% of the weight of Earth’s crust. Used to make glass, soap, fertilizers, and gunpowder.

scANdiumRare, soft, silvery, white metal

Used to make lightweight bicycle frames.

sElENiumToxic in large amounts

Used to conduct electricity in photocells.

sodiumFound in ocean as sodium chloride (NaCl) and table salt.

Relatively abundant in stars Reacts explosively with water.

silicoNUsed to make circuits, computer microchips, and contact lenses.

When melted, silica sand makes glass.

sulFurUsed to make fertilizers, insecticides, gunpowder, batteries, detergents, matches and fungicides.

Smells like rotten eggs.

Found near hot springs and volcanic vents.

titANiumLight, strong, corrosion-resistant metal.

Discovered in England in 1791.

Named after the Titans of Greek mythology.

Found in meteorites.

Used to make aircraft, space ships, naval vessels, and missles.

VANAdiumSoft, silver-gray metal

Named after Vanadis from Scandanavian mythology.

Sea squirts have 100 times more vanadium in their tissues than in the water surrounding them.

ZiNcBluish white metal

Burns with bright greenish flame.

Used to make sunscreen and throat lozenges.

Pennies are 98% zinc.


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140139

141144

[145]150

152157

159162

63167

169173

Li lithium

7

3 H helium

1

1H helium

1

1

Beberyllium

9

4

Mg

magnesium

24 12

Ca40 20

Na sodium

23 11

K potassium

40 19

Rb rubidium

85 37

Cs caesium

133 55

Frfrancium

[223]

87

calcium

Sr88 38strontium

Scscandium

45 21

Y89 39

Ti48 22titanium

Zr90 40zirconium

Hf178 72

Ba137 56barium

Ra[226]

88radium

* 56-70

**89-102

yttrium

Lu Lutetium

175

71

Lr[262]

103Law

rencium

hafnium

Rf[261]

104rutherfordium

V51 23vanadium

Nb93 41

Ta181 73tantalum

Db[262]

105

niobium

dubnium

Cr52 24chrom

ium

Mo96 42

W184 74tungston

Sg[266]

106

molybdenum

sezborgium Mn55 25

manganese

Tc[98]

43

Re186 75rhonium

Bh[264]

107

technetium

bohrium

Fe56 26 Iron

Ru101 44

Os190 76

osmium

Hs[269]

108

ruthenium

hassium

Co59 27Cobalt

Rh103 45

Ir192 77iridium

Mt[268]

109

rhodium

meitnerium N

i59 28nickel

Pd106 46

Pt195 78platinum

Ds[272]

110

palladium

darmstadtium Cu63 29

copper

Ag107 47

Au197 79

gold

Rg[272]

111

silver

roentgenium Zn65 30zinc

Cd112 48

Hg200 80

mercury

Uub

[277]

112

cadmium

ununbium G

a70 31gallium

In115 49

Tl204 81thalium

Uut

[284]

113

indium

B11 5boron

Al

27 13alum

inium

ununtrium Ge72 32

germanium

Sn119 50

Pb207 82lead

Uuq

[289]

114

tin

C12 6carbon

Si28 14silicon

ununquadium As75 33

arsenic

Bi209 83bism

uth

Uup

[288]

115

N14 7nitrogen

P31

Sb122 51antim

ony

15phosphorus

ununpentium Te128 52tellurium

Uuh

[293]

116

O16 8oxygen

S32

Po[209]

84polonium

16sulfur

Se79 34selenium

ununhexium

Kr84 36krypton

Rn[222]

86

He4.0026

2helium

Ne20

Xe131 54xenon

10neon

Ar40 18

argon

radon

I127 53iodine

F19 9flourine

Cl35A

t[210]

85astatine

17chlorine

Br80 35brom

ine

Ce 58

Lalanthanum

57cerium

Prpraseodym

ium

59

Nd 60

neodymiumPm 61

promethiumSm 62

samariumEu 63

europiumGd 64

gadoliniumTb 65terbiumD

y 66dysprosiumH

o 67holm

ium

Er 68erbiumTm 69

thuliumYb 70ytterbium

Th232 90

Ac

actinium

[227]

89thorium

Paprotactinium

231 91

U238 92uraniumN

p[237]

93neptuniumPu[244]

94plutoniumA

m[243]

95am

ericiumCm[247]

96curium

Bk[247]

97berkeliumCf[251]

98californiumEs[252]

99einsteiniumFm[257]

100ferm

iumMd[258]

101m

endeleviumNo[259]

102nobelium

Element nam

e

Symbol

Atom

ic Num

ber

**Actinides

*lanthanides

Average M

ass

1

2

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

17

18


Intentionally Left Blank


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We Stick Together(Molecules)

Different types of Atoms join together to make molecules.

Ready?EngageRe-familiarize yourself with Periodic Elements lyrics (U1.L1.A4-page 27).

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 1:• Matter Matters (Matter)Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Oh So Small (Atoms) Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 3• : Atomic Partners (Parts of an Atom) Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 4: • It’s Elementary (Elements)Unit 2-Lesson 2-Activity 1: • Warm, Warmer, Warmest (Add Heat)


Hawaii StandardsSC.K.1.3SC.K.6.1

SC.1.1.1SC.1.2.2SC.1.6.1

SC.2.8.1

What do youcall different atoms joined together?

molecule!

MaterialsPeriodic Elements (mp3 and lyrics) Coloring materialsLarge marshmallow (1 per student)Small marshmallows (2 per student) Pretzel sticks (2 per student) Building blocks (Legos ®)

Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L1.A5 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U1.L1.A5 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com 36

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EngageSing Periodic Elements as a class (again).

Goal: Memorize all elements (U1.L1.A4-page 27).

Reading ResourceMolecules by Bonnie Juettner (J 539.7 Ju)

What’s in a Word?Molecule comes from the Latin word molecula (small mass).

Just for FunCreate motions to go along with the Periodic Elements song!

Think about it...What are the building blocks of molecules?



ExploreBuild water molecules individually.

Write: •H20

H2 = two hydrogen atomsO = one oxygen atom

Stick two pretzels into one big marshmallow.•It should look like two arms sticking out and slightly down.

Stick a small marshmallow onto the end of each pretzel.• Push the small marshmallows as close as you can to the big one.

Draw this water molecule.•

Think about it...Which atoms form a water molecule?

We Stick Together


Un

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ExplainAtoms get a lot more done if they stick together. Almost all atoms bond (connect) with other atoms. Scientists call groups of atoms molecules.

What are the building blocks of molecules?Atoms! Two or more atoms connect to make a molecule. Molecules pretty much make up everything around you. Water, salt, and air are just a few.

Which atoms form a water molecule?Two hydrogen atoms (H2) and one oxygen atom (O)! Water (H2O)! Look at your model again. Does it look anything like water? Tutu says not really, but billions of tiny molecules altogether make up water! (H2O).

Interesting FactMolecules are made from as few as two atoms to hundreds of millions of atoms.

Did You Know?Atoms in water molecules do not connect in a straight line, but at an angle. It looks like a bear’s head with its ears on its side, not directly on top of its head.

NOAA LinkLearn about the molecules in our atmosphere with theOfficeofOceanicandAtmospheric Research

www.noaa.govSearch “Ozone”



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Think about it...How can a small number of atoms make all the variety we see in the world?

ElaborateBuild interlocking building block creations individually.

Use various sizes, shapes and colors interlocking building blocks.•Be creative!

Take your creation apart.•Keep your pieces.

Build a new creation.•Use the same piecesfromyourfirstproject.

Build a third creation with only one color of interlocking building blocks.•

How it worksBuilding blocks! Look at a block by itself. Does it look like your designs? Probably not. But it can combine with other blocks to make pretty much anything. Atoms are like very tiny building blocks. They do not look at all like matter around you. But atoms combine to form molecules that create all matter, no matter what!

We Stick Together


Un

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EvaluateWhat do you call different atoms joined together?

Form a water molecule in groups of three.

Students #1 and #2: Become hydrogen (H).•

Student #3: Become oxygen (O).•

Work together to form a water molecule.•Sit back-to-back in a tight circle.

Work together to stand up as one group.•Push against each other’s backs, and use your legs. Don’t use your arms!

What atoms do you think are in a sugar molecule?HINT: Sugar = Carbon (C6) Hydrogen (H12) Oxygen (O6)

AssessSC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things.SC.K.6.1 Classify objects by their attributes (e.g., physical properties, materials

of which they are made).

SC.1.1.1 Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely.

SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids, and gases and their basic properties.


Helpful HintIf atoms are like letters, molecules are like words. Letters do not do as much by themselves as they can when combined to form words.

Think about itThink of the word “read.” If you took out its “a” the word would be completely different! Just adding or subtracting one atom can make a huge difference in molecules!

Did you know?Molecules are so small that there are more molecules in your body than there are stars in the universe!

Artistic NoteArtist Chuck Close paints wall size portraits of people that when observed closely are actually made up of very tiny squares of color.Thisreflectshowweunderstand atoms bonding to one another to make up molecules.



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unit 1: matter! from atoms to electricity...

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