unit 4: cellular energy chapter 8. what is metabolism? metabolism : all of the chemical reactions...
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 4: Cellular EnergyChapter 8
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What is Metabolism?
Metabolism: All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
There are 2 Types of metabolic reactions:
» Catabolic» Anabolic
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Catabolic: Releases energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
Breaking Down!
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Example of Catabolic Reaction:
Cellular Respiration: Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATPGlucose Oxygen Carbon
DioxideWater Energy
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Anabolic: Uses energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules
Ever hear about “Anabolic Steroids” in the news?
Building up
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Example of Anabolic Reaction:
Photosynthesis: Two-phase anabolic pathway in which the sun’s light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell.
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 Glucose OxygenCarbon
DioxideWater
Sun Light
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What is Metabolism?The relationship of anabolic and catabolic pathways results in the continual flow of
energy within organisms.
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Clicker Question #1
The building of materials is called:
a. homeostasisb. anabolicc. catabolicd. ATP
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Clicker Question #2
Which of the following is an example of an anabolic process?
a. photosynthesisb. homeostasisc. cellular respirationd. transpiration
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Clicker Question #3
Which of the following are products of photosynthesis?
a. Carbon dioxide & waterb. Glucose onlyc. Glucose & carbon dioxided. Glucose & oxygen
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Clicker Question #4
Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?
a. Carbon dioxide, water, & ATPb. Glucose & oxygenc. Carbon dioxide & ATPd. Glucose & carbon dioxide
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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities.
What is ATP?
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ATP is holding the ENERGY in the last phosphate….
What is ATP?
When the last phosphate is POPPED off, it releases energy for the cell to use…
& turns into ADP
Pop off the last one!
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What is ATP?
ATP holds/stores energy
When last phosphate is popped off, ENERGY is RELEASED!
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Clicker Question #5
What does ATP do?
a. Stores energyb. Gets rid of energyc. Maintains homeostasisd. Breaks down molecules
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Clicker Question #6
How does ATP release energy?
a. It just gives it away
b. When the bond between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate is broken
c. When the bond between the 1st & 2nd phosphate is broken
d. It never releases energy
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Clicker Question #7
Once the last phosphate is broken off and energy is released, what
does ATP turn into?
a. Glucose
b. Carbon dioxide
c. NADP+
d. ADP
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Where does ATP come
from?
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• Mitochondria (in plants & animals), break down food (glucose) to make ATP (ENERGY).
Where does ATP come from?
•BUT
An animal (consumer) must EAT a plant to get the food (glucose).
Where does the food (glucose) come from?
What starts the food chain?Photosynthesis in plants
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What happens during photosynthesis?* Photosynthesis occurs inside chloroplasts
* Chlorophyll is the green coloring inside the chloroplasts that absorb the sunlight
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 Glucose = Food Oxygen
Released into
the atmosphere
Sent to Mitochondria to process it into ENERGY (ATP)
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What happens during photosynthesis?
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Photosynthesis Video
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Clicker Question #8
Where does photosynthesis take place?
a. Ribosomes
b. Cell membrane
c. Mitochondria
d. Chloroplasts
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Clicker Question #9
During photosynthesis, what is released into the atmosphere?
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Glucose
c. Oxygen
d. Water
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Clicker Question #10
What is the main purpose for photosynthesis?
a. To make carbon dioxide
b. To make glucose
c. To make oxygen
d. To make water
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Clicker Question #11
These are found in plants and are used to capture & absorb sunlight:
a. Mitochondria
b. Chlorophyll
c. Ribosomes
d. Cell Wall
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• After photosynthesis, and glucose is made:
* In plants…it is sent to the mitochondria
* In animals…they must eat the plant and the food is sent to the mitochondria
What’s next?
Cellular Respiration is next!
What’s next?
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What are the two types of cellular respiration?
• Anaerobic: metabolic process without oxygen
• Aerobic: metabolic process with oxygen
Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process…it NEEDS oxygen!
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What happens during cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP
Glucose
Broken down
Released
When you exhale
* Aerobic…needs oxygen
* Occurs in Mitochondria
* Glucose is broken down & ATP molecules are made
Released
When you exhale
Pop the
phosphate off releases energy
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What happens during cellular respiration?
1 molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP
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Cellular Respiration Video
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Clicker Question #12
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
a. To make carbon dioxide
b. To make energy
c. To make water
d. To make glucose
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Clicker Question #13
What waste products are released during cellular
respiration?
a. Carbon dioxide & water
b. Glucose & oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide & glucose
d. Carbon dioxide only
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Clicker Question #14
How many ATP are made from 1 molecule of glucose?
a. 2
b. 20
c. 26
d. 36
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Clicker Question #15
Where does cellular respiration occur?
a. Ribosomes
b. Chloroplasts
c. Mitochondria
d. Chlorophyll
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Clicker Question #16
What is aerobic?
a. A process maintaining balance
b. A process that requires oxygen
c. A process that does not require oxygen
d. A process that makes ATP
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There are two types of anaerobic respiration
• Fermentation: Keep cellular respiration going if there is no or not enough oxygen is available (2 types)
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation: During cellular respiration, if not enough oxygen is present (like during lots of exercise), lactic acid fermentation begins to keep the cycle going.
- When lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, the muscles become sore.
- Many microbes use this process and are used to make cheese, yogurt,
and sour cream.
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Lactic acid Video…silly but “on point”
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There are two types of anaerobic respiration
2. Alcohol Fermentation: Occurs in yeast and some bacteria when oxygen is not available to create…..
Alcohol
Rotting fruit can also ferment…creating alcohol
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Clicker Question #17
Lactic acid fermentation occurs when the body does not get
enough:
a. Protein
b. Energy
c. Oxygen
d. Carbon Dioxide
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Clicker Question #18
Lactic acid causes:
a. Glucose to be the product
b. Energy to be released
c. The making of alcohol
d. Muscle soreness
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Clicker Question #19
Lactic acid fermentation & alcohol fermentation are
examples of:
a. Homeostasis
b. Catabolic reactions
c. Aerobic processes
d. Anaerobic processes
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Clicker Question #20
The following equation represents:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
a. Homeostasis
b. Photosynthesis
c. Cellular Respiration
d. None of the above
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The End
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Clicker Answers1. a 11. b2. a 12. b3. d 13. a4. a 14. d5. a 15. c6. b 16. b7. d 17. c8. d 18. d9. c 19. d10. b 20. c