unit 5 : text a unit 5 : text a 21st century college english: book 2 holding on to a dream

Unit 5 : Text A Unit 5 : Text A 21st Century College English: Book 2 Holding On To A Dream

Lead-in Activities Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities Text Organization Text OrganizationText OrganizationText Organization Reading and Writing Skills Reading and Writing SkillsReading and Writing SkillsReading and Writing Skills Language Points Language PointsLanguage PointsLanguage Points Guided Practice Guided PracticeGuided PracticeGuided Practice Assignment AssignmentAssignment Unit Five: Text A

1. How did you feel when the acceptance arrived? 2. Did you meet financial problems at that time? 3. What do you know about financial aid for Chinese college students? Lead-in Activities Questions for Discussion

Text Organization Development by Time 1987 (para.1-6) Priscilla gave up after receiving the letter of Washington University because of the lack of tuition fee. Then she moved out of the family to work for the fee. 1990 (para.7-8) Priscilla enrolled at Washington University after reapplying. 1992 (para.9) Priscilla took a semester off to do a project in North Dakota. 1993 (para.10) Priscilla moved to California to work for her brother and studied at a local community college. 1994 (para.11) Priscilla graduated from Wenatchee Valley College with a Associate of Arts degree and enrolled again at Washington University. 1996 (para.12) She graduated from Washington University and was awarded BA.

1) Writing skill: developing a passage with cause- and-effect situations Identify and learn how the author organizes the sample cause-and-effect paragraph (paragraph 5): 2) Reading skill: understanding the meaning of idiomatic expressions in reading materials. Practice hypothesizing the meaning of idiomatic expressions in reading materials. Remember that in the case of idiomatic expressions, word formation clues can be misleading, but that context clues examples, explanations, contrasts or parallel phraseswill help you figure out meanings. Reading & Writing Skills

Intensive Study Intensive StudyIntensive StudyIntensive Study Difficult sentences Difficult sentences Key words, phrases & usages Key words, phrases & usages Comprehension exercises Comprehension exercises Intensive Study

Holding OntoHolding Onto a Dream Holding Onto 1 While preparing to graduate from high school in 1987, Priscilla Vazquez waited anxiously for her letter from the University of Washington, hoping she would be the first person in her family to attend college. When the acceptance letter arrived, she was overjoyed. While preparing to graduate from high school in 1987the University of Washington While preparing to graduate from high school in 1987the University of Washington Intensive Study

2 There was just one problem: The University of Washington didnt have any grant money to give Priscilla. It offered her only a small loan and expected her family to come up with the rest. My family was making enough money to get by, but not enough to pay that much for me to go to school, she said. come up withget bycome up withget by

Intensive Study 3 Priscilla called the financial-aid office for advice. They told her that prospective students seeking more financial aid are eligible only if they have lived apart from their parents for a minimum of two years. During that time, their parents cannot have claimed them as a dependent on the familys tax forms. Hearing this, I was totally stunned, Priscilla recalls. I realized I was going to have to take some time off, work, become financially independent from my parents, and then reapply to school. Postponing my dream hurt, but it was the only possibility. only ifDuring that time, their parents cannot have claimed them as a dependent on the familys tax formstake some time offPostponing my dream hurt only ifDuring that time, their parents cannot have claimed them as a dependent on the familys tax formstake some time offPostponing my dream hurt

Intensive Study 4 Within a month, Priscilla had found a job at a restaurant and moved into a cheap apartment in a poor neighborhood of Seattle. She also signed up for a job-training program in the city, to learn to be a secretary. It was a hard lifestyle to adjust to. I got up at 6 a.m. for a long commute to school, finished class at 2 p.m., started work at three, got off my shift at 11 p.m., and then I came back home and collapsed. signed up forprogramshiftsigned up forprogramshift 5 Priscilla soon found that her restaurant job just didnt pay enough for her to make ends meet. So I went to the landlord of my apartment building and asked if there was any cleaning work I could do. Since he felt sorry for me, he agreed to give me thirty hours a month. make ends meethe agreed to give me thirty hours a monthmake ends meethe agreed to give me thirty hours a month

Intensive Study 6 The job-training program was designed to last six months. Priscilla finished it in four. They taught me various office skills and word-processing programs. I also learned to answer the phone in an office setting, and write proper business letters, she said. The program helped Priscilla find employment as a secretary with a small company. It was my first decent job, she says. I was nineteen years old, living on my own, and making $15,000 a year. setting

Intensive Study 7 Priscilla reapplied to the University of Washington and was accepted. She qualified for financial aid because she had been independent from her parents for more than two years. As of the fall of 1990, Priscilla was finally a college student working full- time during the day as a secretary and going to school full-time at night. qualified forAs ofqualified forAs of 8 Balancing work and school was difficult. I was staying up late studying, and going to work early every morning. I was having a hard time concentrating in class, and a hard time on the job because I was so tired, she says. But she ended up with two As in her first semester anyway. staying up ended up withstaying up ended up with

Intensive Study 9 Priscilla decided to pursue an archaeology major, and in the summer of 1992, she got her first opportunity to really test out her interest in the subject. The archaeological field school of Washington State University was sponsoring a summer research project at a site alongside the Snake River in Washington. Priscilla threw herself into the work, and the project supervisors were impressed. At the end of the summer, one of the professors offered her a job. He said, we just got a contract for a project in North Dakota. We want to hire you if youre willing to take a semester off from school. The offer was a diversion from Priscillas pursuit of her BA. But by then I no longer doubted that I would ultimately finish school, so I felt comfortable grabbing this opportunity, she says. test out threw herself intoBAtest out threw herself intoBA

Intensive Study 10 When the North Dakota project ended, Priscilla moved to California, where she could live rent-free with one of her brothers. I ended up working three jobs, trying to make as much money as I could, she recalls. I was tired of working full-time and being a full-time student. My goal was to save enough money to let me go back to school, study full-time and work only part-time. Priscillas brother ran a house-cleaning service, and he agreed to give her work. And she decided to enroll at a local community college where the tuition was much cheaper. community collegecommunity college

Intensive Study 11 Priscilla took some art classes (she was an amateur photographer) and helped organize a gallery exhibit of students artwork, including her own. In the spring of 1994, she graduated from Wenatchee Valley College with a two-year Associate of Arts degree. After graduating, Priscilla applied to the University of Washington once more. She was accepted and enrolled in the fall of 1994. Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make school her priority. This was such a luxury, I was almost sorry to graduate! Priscilla laughs. But I was awarded my BA in January of 1996. Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make school her priorityNot having to work so many hours allowed her to make school her priority

Intensive Study 12 As Priscilla looks back on her years of struggle to make her dream come true, she is cautiously encouraging toward others working their way through school. To balance work and school, you have to know yourself, she says. You have to know what you can take and what you cant take. You need a lot of discipline, and you have to stay focused, even when you run into barriers and distractions and delays. But mostly you need determination. If you get put down once, just get back up there and keep fighting. You have to know what you can take and what you cant takeIf you get put down once, just get back up there and keep fightingYou have to know what you can take and what you cant takeIf you get put down once, just get back up there and keep fighting (949 words)

hold onto/hold on to try to keep; not give up e.g. We should hold onto the house and sell it later when prices are higher.We should hold onto the house and sell it later when prices are higher. They hold on to their principles with a rare firmness.They hold on to their principles with a rare firmness. Translate Key You should hold on to your oil shares. You should hold on to your oil shares.

While preparing to graduate from high school in 1987, The adverbial V-ing phrases are used in place of adverbial clauses to express time relationship, cause or reason, circumstances, etc.. And they may follow after, since, when(ever), and while. More to do More to doe.g. After throwing down his jacket, the stranger moved threateningly towards me.After throwing down his jacket, the stranger moved threateningly towards me. He wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighter.He wrote his greatest novel while working on a freighter.

1. He has travelled a lot, so he knows a great deal about other cultures. 2. After she had finished all her housework, she decided to see what was on TV. X.Rewrite the following sentences., he knows a great deal about other cultures. Having travelled a lot, he knows a great deal about other cultures., she decided to see what was on TV. Having finished all her housework, she decided to see what was on TV. Exercises Structure Ex. X, p. 144 II : Ex. X, p. 144

3. Because we had spent nearly all our money, we couldn t afford to stay in a hotel. 4. Since she had forgotten his telephone number, she didn t know how to get in touch with him., we couldnt afford to stay in a hotel. Having spent nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay in a hotel., she didnt know how to get in touch with him. Having forgotten his telephone number, she didnt know how to get in touch with him. X.Rewrite the following sentences. Exercises Structure

5. After he had cleaned the windows, he started to mop the floor. 6. I feel much better now that I ve taken the medicine you gave me., he started to mop the floor. Having cleaned the windows, he started to mop the floor., I feel much better. Having taken the medicine you gave me, I feel much better. X.Rewrite the following sentences. Exercises Structure

Text-related information The University of Washington The University of Washington is a state -supported institution of higher education occupying a campus of 684 acres in Seattle, Washington State, USA. Founded in 1861, the university is the oldest publicly supported institution on the US Pacific Coast. Instruction was first offered on a campus in what is now the central business district of Seattle. The move to the present campus was made in 1895. The university library collection containsover 5 million catalogued volumes, an equal number in microform and several million items in other formats.

come up with 1) produce (a sum of money) when it is especially needed remaining part of the expenses Chinese Translation 2000 e.g. You have no choice but to come up with the $2,000 you owe me.You have no choice but to come up with the $2,000 you owe me. More to learn More to learn

come up with 2) think of or suggest (a plan or a way of doing sth. esp. a very clever one) e.g. Weve got a team of experts working on the problem lets wait and see what they come up with. Weve got a team of experts working on the problem lets wait and see what they come up with. Translate Key If you cannot come up with an answer to the question in ten seconds, you are out of the game.

get by 1) just manage to survive and have a fairly satisfactory life, often used in get by (on sth.) e.g. When I was a student I used to be able to get by on 20 yuan a month.When I was a student I used to be able to get by on 20 yuan a month. Translate Key How does he get by on such a small salary? How does he get by on such a small salary? More to learn More to learn

get by 2) reach a standard that is acceptable but not very good e.g. He should just about get by in the exam.He should just about get by in the exam. Perhaps I can get by in a dark suit.Perhaps I can get by in a dark suit. Translate Key Your work could get by, but try to improve it. Your work could get by, but try to improve it.

only if Cf. If only is used to express a wish, desire or pity. e.g. If only you had been to the party!If only you had been to the party! If only she could have lived a little longer!If only she could have lived a little longer! Only if is used to describe a condition. e.g. I will come only if nothing is said to the press.I will come only if nothing is said to the press. He will agree to do it only if you promise to keep his secret.He will agree to do it only if you promise to keep his secret. More to do More to do

1. I wish you could stay longer in Britain your English might improve. 2. Children may enter the club on the condition that they are accompanied by adults. IX.Study the differences between only if and if only and rewrite the following sentences as either if only or only if sentences. you could stay longer in Britain your English might improve. If only you could stay longer in Britain your English might improve. Children may enter the club they are accompanied by adults. Children may enter the club only if they are accompanied by adults. Exercises Structure Ex. IX, p. 143 II : Ex. IX, p. 143

3. It s too bad you didn tell me you had a spare ticket for the show! 4. You can go to the sky-diving exhibition as long as you promise you won t try it yourself. youd told me you had a spare ticket for the show! If only youd told me you had a spare ticket for the show! You can go to the sky-diving exhibition you promise you wont try it yourself. You can go to the sky-diving exhibition only if you promise you wont try it yourself. IX.Study the differences between only if and if only and rewrite the following sentences as either if only or only if sentences. Exercises Structure

5.The students at this university are allowed to take up part- time employment on the condition that it doesn t interfere with their studies. 6. Why did she tell my mother?! Everything would have been all right. The students at this university are allowed to take up part- time employment it doesnt interfere with their studies. The students at this university are allowed to take up part- time employment only if it doesnt interfere with their studies. she hadnt told my mother,everything would have been all right. If only she hadnt told my mother,everything would have been all right. IX.Study the differences between only if and if only and rewrite the following sentences as either if only or only if sentences. Exercises Structure

Paraphrase? During these two years, their parents cannot have stated on the tax forms that they were supported by the family (to entitle the family to deductions from its taxable income). During these two years, their parents cannot have stated on the tax forms that they were supported by the family (to entitle the family to deductions from its taxable income). During that time, their parents cannot have claimed them as a dependent on the familys tax forms.

take (a period of time) off have (the time) from ones regular activity (as a break, a holiday or for some other activity) e.g. He usually plays tennis on Sunday but decided to take that Sunday off.He usually plays tennis on Sunday but decided to take that Sunday off. He took two hours off to meet his sister at the airport.He took two hours off to meet his sister at the airport. Translate Key Im taking next week off (work). Im taking next week off (work).

Postponing my dream hurt, The nominal V-ing phrase usually occurs in the position of subject, direct object, predicative, appositive, prepositional object, etc. More to do More to doe.g. Seeing is believing.Seeing is believing. No one enjoys deceiving his own people.No one enjoys deceiving his own people. I am tired of being treated like a child.I am tired of being treated like a child.

1. _____ ( ) also made a strong impression on her. 2. _____ ( ) will only cause trouble. XI.Complete each of the following sentences, using a V-ing phrase as its subject. Seeing so many people around here living in poverty Bringing up the subject at the meeting Exercises Structure Ex. XI, p. 144 II : Ex. XI, p. 144

3. _____ ( ) always makes him feel happy. 4. _____ ( ) will not necessarily improve your scores. Looking back on the past Staying up late studying before an examination XI.Complete each of the following sentences, using a V-ing phrase as its subject. Exercises Structure

5. _____ ( ) proved to be difficult at that time. 6. _____ ( ) allowed Priscilla to save money for school. Working full-time and being a full-time student Living at home rent-free XI.Complete each of the following sentences, using a V-ing phrase as its subject. Exercises Structure

sign up (for) sign ones name when joining an organization, a group, or a course of study e.g. What made you decide to sign up for the art course? What made you decide to sign up for the art course? Translate Key We will not have the picnic unless more people sign up (for it).

program n. plan or schedule of subjects studied for a particular course e.g. A final thesis is required for most Masters programs and Doctorate program.A final thesis is required for most Masters programs and Doctorate program. Her new fitness program includes a 0.5-mile jog every morning.Her new fitness program includes a 0.5-mile jog every morning.

shift n. period of time worked by a worker who starts work as another finishes e.g. the day/night shift the day/night shift work in three shifts work in three shifts

make (both) ends meet be able to manage financially because one has just enough money for ones needs; live within ones income e.g. They decided to sell their big house to make ends meet. They decided to sell their big house to make ends meet. Translate Key He managed to make (both) ends meet with two jobs.

he said he would offer me a job that took thirty hours a month he said he would offer me a job that took thirty hours a month he agreed to give me thirty hours a month

setting n. a particular set of circumstances or conditions e.g. Working in a university setting you cant ignore these things.Working in a university setting you cant ignore these things. Translate Key Children should be cared for in a home setting. Children should be cared for in a home setting.

qualify for have the right to have or do (sth.) e.g. After three years here youll qualify for a rise. After three years here youll qualify for a rise. Our team has qualified for the semi-final. Our team has qualified for the semi-final. Translate Key With a Doctorate degree, he obviously qualifies for the job.

as of / from starting from e.g. The new timetable will come into effect as from tomorrow.The new timetable will come into effect as from tomorrow. Translate Key As of next week, I will be working at home.

stay up do not go to bed e.g. The children wanted to stay up late on Christmas eve, but their mother managed to put them to bed before elevenThe children wanted to stay up late on Christmas eve, but their mother managed to put them to bed before eleven Translate Key He stayed up reading until midnight.

end up with/doing (sth.) receive/do (sth.) in the end (esp. sth. One originally did not expect) e.g. At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. Translate Key After much effort, they ended up with a contract.

test out test as fully as possible; examine thoroughly e.g. He conducted experiments to test out his ideas. He conducted experiments to test out his ideas. The drug is quite safe. We have tested it out on animals. The drug is quite safe. We have tested it out on animals.

throw oneself into put much effort, time and keenness into (a particular activity, etc.); do (sth.) with a lot of effort and energy e.g. She threw herself into her work heart and soul.She threw herself into her work heart and soul. He will throw himself into the battle against bureaucracy.He will throw himself into the battle against bureaucracy. Translate Key After school, John threw himself into computer games. After school, John threw himself into computer games.

Text-related information More to know More to know Degree, Credit, and Credit hour Degrees are titles conferred on students by a college or university on completion of a program of study. Normally there are four types of degrees: Associates (completion of a program in a specific career field), Bachelors (conferred after completion of an undergraduate program), Masters (first graduate degree), and Doctorate (second graduate degree and final degree).

Text-related information Credits or credit hours are units of measuring educational credit based on a given number of classroom periods per week throughout a semester. At the college and university level, each course is assigned a number of credit hours. All degree programs require students to complete a minimum number of credit hours before graduation. In most Doctorate programs, students continue to take courses. Until they have earned enough credit hours to attempt their qualifying exams, they can begin to write their final thesis. Since degree requirements can be very complex and vary from one program to another, all students should check with their departments and program advisors to make sure they are meeting the requirements of their particular program.

Text-related information Community College A community college is a two-year college that offers programs of study enabling students to terminate their higher education with an earned degree, transfer to a senior college, or pursue studies that do not lead to a degree. An Associate of Arts or Associate of Science degree (A.A. or A.S.) is awarded upon completion of two years of study. Community colleges offer a wide range of academic, vocational and avocational programs and also provide non-credit adult education. Students can transfer to four-year colleges from community college. More to know More to know

Text-related information Community colleges have fairly open admissions policy and flexible curricula. They are the educational and cultural centers of the communities they serve. Wenatchee Valley College was founded in 1939, is a community college located 145 miles from Seattle in Wenatchee, Washington State, USA.

Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make school her priority. e.g. Fire engines and ambulances have priority over other traffic.Fire engines and ambulances have priority over other traffic. If medical supplies are short, children will be given priority.If medical supplies are short, children will be given priority. More to learn More to learn priority n. the thing that is considered most important and needs attention before anything else

Paraphrase? Not having to work so many hours gave her time and efforts to studies at school before anything else. Not having to work so many hours gave her time and efforts to studies at school before anything else. Not having to work so many hours allowed her to make school her priority.

Paraphrase? You have to know what you are able to cope with and what you are unable to. You have to know what you are able to cope with and what you are unable to. You have to know what you can take and what you cant take.

If you get put down once, just get back up there and keep fighting. e.g. The boy got hurt on his way home from school. (But never: The boy got given a violin by his father.)The boy got hurt on his way home from school. (But never: The boy got given a violin by his father.) The story eventually got translated into English.The story eventually got translated into English. More to learn More to learn Get in the sentence is used as a passive auxiliary which, however, is usually restricted to constructions without an expressed agent. The get-passive is avoided in formal style. Even in informal English it is far less frequent than the be-passive.

put down suppress; defeat e.g. We were able to put down the opposing team at the first half of the game.We were able to put down the opposing team at the first half of the game. Translate revolt Key They had to put down several revolts before they gained complete control of the country. If you get put down once, just get back up there and keep fighting.

Vocabulary VocabularyVocabulary Cloze ClozeCloze Translation TranslationTranslation Structure Writing Structure WritingStructure WritingStructure Writing Guided Practice

III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 1.There are plenty of companies that are eager to _____ young athletes if they show enough promise. sponsor 2.To succeed in life it is not sufficient only to have talent, capacity and training, one must also have _____ or a strong will. determination prospectiveultimatelyemploymentminimum exhibitsettingdeterminationeligible loanpriorityclaimsponsor Ex. III, p. 139 II : Ex. III, p. 139 Vocabulary

III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 3. I dont _____ to be an expert on modern art, but I do know this painting is ugly! claim 4.When his _____ employers learned that he had had a drinking problem, they decided against hiring him. prospective prospectiveultimatelyemploymentminimum exhibitsettingdeterminationeligible loanpriorityclaimsponsor Vocabulary

III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 5.The position requires a masters degree and a _____ of two years work experience. minimum 6. David struggled for years to make it as an actor, but _____ gave up an went back to his musical career. ultimately prospectiveultimatelyemploymentminimum exhibitsettingdeterminationeligible loanpriorityclaimsponsor Vocabulary

III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 7.Overseas students are _____ to enroll in all the regular courses, provided they have the necessary qualifications. eligible 8.A Korean company is planning to open a factory here, which will provide _____ for about 2,000 people. employment prospectiveultimatelyemploymentminimum exhibitsettingdeterminationeligible loanpriorityclaimsponsor Vocabulary

III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 9.Id always worked in an academic _____, so my new position as an office manager was a big change for me. setting 10.Its much easier for big businesses to get bank _____ than it is for small companies. loans prospectiveultimatelyemploymentminimum exhibitsettingdeterminationeligible loanpriorityclaimsponsor Vocabulary

III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 11.Theres a new _____ of classical artwork at the museum do you want to go? exhibit 12.The city governments first _____ is to build a new airport this year. priority prospectiveultimatelyemploymentminimum exhibitsettingdeterminationeligible loanpriorityclaimsponsor Vocabulary

Cloze XIV. Fill each blank below with a word from the following list Ex. XIV, p. 145 II : Ex. XIV, p. 145 get inquiredknown prospective opportunitystunned available knowing stunning ultimately whereas claimedfirst priority lasteligible domakeassumeas outonup

When I visited the Netherlands last year, my first impression was that it was all too good to be true: a country where everyone is satisfied?! So, _____ that young people everywhere are gifted social critics, I sought _____ some university students and _____ what issues young people were concerned about. I was _____ to learn that the main problem students there see is with employment. In a country thats made good work conditions a[n] _____, this came as a real surprise. Even more _____ was the fact that it wasnt unemployment that these students were worried about it was as a shortage of highly paid management positions _____ to fresh university graduates. When I visited the Netherlands last year, my first impression was that it was all too good to be true: a country where everyone is satisfied?! So, _____ that young people everywhere are gifted social critics, I sought _____ some university students and _____ what issues young people were concerned about. I was _____ to learn that the main problem students there see is with employment. In a country thats made good work conditions a[n] _____, this came as a real surprise. Even more _____ was the fact that it wasnt unemployment that these students were worried about it was as a shortage of highly paid management positions _____ to fresh university graduates. knowing inquired out stunned stunning priority available Exercises Cloze

_____ the students expressed their resentment toward the older generation for taking _____ all the good jobs and their bitterness over the thought of struggling to _____ ends meet on an entry-level salary, I couldnt help looking back _____ my own early employment experiences. I had graduated with honors from a good school, but my first job was doing door-to-door market research for salary that just barely allowed me to _____ by. For some reason I never resented that or doubted that Id _____ end up with a better job. _____ the students expressed their resentment toward the older generation for taking _____ all the good jobs and their bitterness over the thought of struggling to _____ ends meet on an entry-level salary, I couldnt help looking back _____ my own early employment experiences. I had graduated with honors from a good school, but my first job was doing door-to-door market research for salary that just barely allowed me to _____ by. For some reason I never resented that or doubted that Id _____ end up with a better job. make on up get ultimately As Cloze

I simply accepted that a young person who was just starting out would have to struggle a bit at _____. I didnt _____ that my university education gave me the right to expect special treatment. I thought my university education was a special privilege. first assume Cloze

XIII.Translate the following sentences into English. Translation Ex. XIII, p. 145 II : Ex. XIII, p. 145

1. offer The university offered Priscilla only a small loan and she had to come up with the rest of the money herself. a small loan come up with Translation

2. with With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make (both) ends meet. Thats why she had found some cleaning work to do in the apartment building where she lived. make both ends meet thats why Translation

3. stay up late study In the first two semesters, she often stayed up late studying because she knew she had to get the highest GPA in her class to qualify for the scholarship. the highest GPA quality for Translation

4. find employment in/with that company Anyone who wants to find employment in/with that company must have at least a masters degree, if not a Ph.D. Otherwise he or she will not be accepted. if not at least Translation

5. only if Only if you throw yourself into your studies will you ultimately achieve your long-term goal of becoming an archaeologist. throw oneself into archaeologist Translation

6. have a ready smile In the office Beth always looked happy and had a ready smile. But deep down, she was tired of being a secretary. She wanted to do something more creative. deep down be tired of doing something Translation

7. migrant farm laborer A migrant farm laborer from Mexico, my father was overjoyed when I was accepted by the University of Washington and became the first person in my family to attend college. be overjoyed Translation

8. look back on When Priscilla looked back on her years of hard struggle, she said that it was no easy job to balance work and study. years of hard struggle balance Translation

Structured Writing Have a look at the sample cause-and-effect paragraph based on the outline below: Cause 1: Priscilla / so many jobs Effect 1: tend / naps during classes Since Priscilla had so many jobs, she tended to take naps during her classes. Cause 2: most / classmates / sorry for me Effect 2: Special efforts not to wake me up / loud classroom discussions Most of my classmates felt sorry for me, she says. So they made special efforts not to wake me up with loud classroom discussions.

Structured Writing Ex. XVI, p. 148 II : Ex. XVI, p. 148 Here are some pairs of cause-and-effect relationships for you to choose from to write your own paragraph in the style of the given example.

some working students end up / more money than their teacherssome working students end up / more money than their teachers knowing this/ more sympathetic Priscilla says / can afford better food and clothes / my teachersPriscilla says / can afford better food and clothes / my teachers special efforts / cooperative in class cultural differences / different education systemscultural differences / different education systems different expectations of students / difficult for foreign students to adjust Confucian heritage / Asian parents / many sacrifices for their childrenConfucian heritage / Asian parents / many sacrifices for their children strong family orientation / higher expectations Structured Writing

Some working students end up earning / making more money than their teachers. Knowing this, they feel / are more sympathetic. Priscilla says, I can afford better food and clothes than my teachers can, so I make special efforts to be cooperative in class. or: Priscilla says, Since I can afford better food and clothes than my teachers (can), I make special efforts to be cooperative in class. Sample Paragraph for Pair 1 and 2 Structured Writing

Assignment 1.Ex. VI, p. 141 2.Ex. VII, p. 142 3.Ex. VIII, p. 142 4.Ex. XIII, p. 145 5.Ex. XIV, p. 145 6.Preview Text B

unit 5 : text a unit 5 : text a 21st century college english: book 2 holding on to a dream

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