unit2 chassis system 1

Unit2 Chassis System 12.2a)Identify Light and Heavy Vehicle Engine Position/ drives, Vehicle Body Components and Vehicle Systems

Framework:

• Structural/non structural (Light/ Commercial vehicle)

• Jacking points


Framework:

• Structural (Light vehicle)


Framework:

• Non structural (Commercial vehicle)


Framework:

• Jacking points In order to avoid concentrated stress and prevent damage it is essential to use only the proper jacking point, or the manufacturer’s designated lifting pads, when lifting integrally constructed vehicles


Framework:

• Jacking points


Interior:

• Seats

• Restraints (seat Belt, Airbags, Belt Tensioner)

• Carpets

• Headlining

• Trim

• Covers

• Mouldings


A car seat is the chair used in automobiles. Most car seats are made from inexpensive but durable material in order to withstand as much use as possible.

Some car seat systems are set up with a battery-powered automatic control to adjust how the seat sits in the car.

Interior:


Seat

Interior:


Seat construction

ArmrestBackrest, with lumbar supportHeadrestSeat baseSeat track


Seat AdjustmentsBackrest angleCushion edgeFore-and-aft positionHeadrest angleHeadrest levelLumbar positionSeat depthSeat heightThe upper section of the seat backrest, may be tilted to the

front for optimum, individual shoulder supportVariable head support at the sides


Interior:


Seat Belts:

The Purpose of seat belt is to prevent the wearer from being thrown forward and possibly being injured during a frontal impact


Interior:


Seat Belts:


Interior:• Restraints (seat Belt, Airbags, Belt Tensioner)

Air Bags:One of the major safety development is the fitting of the air bags as part of the equipment of new vehicles. Inflated airbags protect the driver and the front seat passenger from striking, respectively, the steering wheel and dashboard.

In an impact above 25km/hr, inertia sensors send a signal to the electronic control unit, which triggers the igniter unit. Pellets that create a gas when burnt are then ignited, and the airbags inflates. As the body of the occupant sinks into the airbag the gas is forced out of the vent hole.



Air Bags:



Belt Tensioner:


Interior:

• Carpets


Interior:

• Headlining


Interior:

• Trim


Interior:

• Covers

Steering Cover Seat Cover


Interior:

• Mouldings


Exhaust System:

Purpose

• To direct the burnt gases of combustion away from the vehicle and into the atmosphere.

• To convert the pollutant produced by the engine into non toxic substance.

• To reduce the noise of the exhaust gas flow.


Exhaust System:

Layout


Cooling System:

Purpose The main function of Cooling System are to

Control the temperature of the engine within the precise limit

Increase the efficiency of engine Provide heat for other devices such as the interior


Cooling System:

Types of Cooling System

Air CooledLiquid Cooled


Cooling System:Liquid Cooled


Cooling System:AirCooled


FuelSystem:

The Fuel Supply System Consist of

A storage TankA fuel pump Or pumpsFilterDelivery pipes


FuelSystem:


Fuel System:

A Fuel Tank (Store Fuel)

The Fuel Tank Stores the Vehicle Fuel Supply, and is nearly always at the opposite end of the vehicle from the engine for reason of safety, space and weight distribution


Fuel System:

Fuel Pump (meter fuel)

The fuel pump transfer fuel from the tank to the carburetor or the fuel injection pump


Transmission:

Purpose

Enable the torque being transmitted from the engine to the driving wheels to be varied to suit load and speed requirements

Provide a means of reversing

Provide a permanent neutral position.


Clutch:

Purpose

Permit a smooth and gradual engagement of the drive(So that the vehicle can gradually move away from rest.

Assist gear changing

Provide a temporary neutral


Clutch:


Drive shaft:

A vehicle equipped with rear wheel drive and independent suspension has drive shaft s to enable driving torque to be transmitted through varying angles to each driving wheel


Final Drive:

The final drive is that part of transmission system that provide a final reduction gear and an even distribution of the engine’s torque to the road wheels


Suspension:

The basic purpose of a suspension system is to isolate the vehicle’s body from uneven road surfaces. This ensures that both the passengers and goods being carried benefit from the smoothest possible ride.


Steering:

The purpose of a steering system is to control the direction in which a vehicle travels


Braking:

The function of the braking system is to bring a moving vehicle safely to rest.

It gives the driver control over the vehicle.

It does this by converting the kinetic energy to heat, which is then given up to the surrounding air as it flows past the brakes.


Braking:


Electrical:

Starting System

The purpose of the starting system is to turn the engine for starting.

The electrical unit providing initial energy forvehicle starting is the Stator Motor.


Electrical:

Charging System

To supply consumers when the engine is running , and to charge the battery


Electrical:

Ignition System

To ignite the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of petrol engine vehicle


Electrical:

Lighting and General Consumers:

Electrical energy is required to run the lighting system and general consumer(ventilation/heater fan, air conditioning, windscreen wiper and radio.


Quiz

Unit2 Chassis System 1

(2.3a)

Identify Driver Controls and Information systems

Unit2 Chassis System 12.3a)Identify driver controls and information systems


Driver Controls

Steering Wheel

Accelerator

Brake/Clutch Pedals

Hand brake

Gear Lever

Instrument panel / Dash


Driver Controls

Steering Wheel

A steering wheel (also called a driving wheel or hand wheel) is a type of steering control in vehicles and vessels (ships and boats).Steering wheels are used in most modern land vehicles, including all mass-production automobiles as well as light and heavy trucks. The steering wheel is the part of the steering system that is manipulated by the driver


Driver Controls

Accelerator, Clutch and Brake Pedals

An automobile may have two to four foot pedals. The arrangement is the same for both right- and left-hand traffic. From left to right:normally operated by the left foot:

clutch pedal, not in the case of automatic transmission brake pedal, which is sometimes wide and elevated above the car floorthrottle (known as the 'accelerator' or 'gas pedal'), controls fuel and air supply to the automobile's engine. It is usually narrow and close to the car floor allowing the driver's heel to rest on the car floor. It has a fail-safe design in that it automatically returns to the idle position when not depressed by the driver.


Driver Controls

Accelerator, Clutch and Brake Pedals


Driver Controls

Hand Brake Lever

In cars, the hand brake (emergency brake, e-brake, parking brake) is a latching brake usually used to keep the car stationary

The mechanism is often a hand-operated lever (hence the hand brake name), on the floor on either side of the driver, or a pull handle located below and near the steering wheel column, or a (foot-operated) pedal located far apart from the other pedals.


Driver Controls

Gear Lever

A gear stick (also known as gearstick, gear lever, selection lever, shift stick and gear shifter) is the lever used to change gear in a vehicle, such as an automobile, with manual transmission or several common forms of automatic transmission.


Driver Controls

Instrument panel / Dash


Lamps:

Head Lamp


Lamps:

Tail light:


Lamps:

Stop light (Brake Light):


Lamps:

Turn Signal:


Lamps:

Hazard Warning Lights:


Lamps:

Backup Lights:


Lamps:Clearance Lights (Position Lights):


Lamps:Fog Lights:


Screen Wash /Wipe


Information System


Ventilation


Quiz


(2.4a)

Identify the reasons for carrying out regular or special vehicle inspections and adjustments

Unit2 Chassis System 12.4a)Identify the reasons for carrying out regular or special vehicle inspections and adjustments


Reasons for carrying out regular Automobile Maintenance

Auto maintenance describes the act of inspecting or testing the condition of car subsystems (e.g., engine) and servicing or replacing parts and fluids.

Regular maintenance is critical to ensure the safety, reliability, drivability, comfort and longevity of a car.

During preventive maintenance, a number of parts are replaced to avoid major damage or for safety reasons, e.g. timing belt replacement.



The actual schedule of car maintenance varies depending on the year, make, and model of a car, its driving conditions and driver behavior.

Car makers recommend the so-called extreme or the ideal service schedule based on impact parameters such as

number of trips and distance traveled per trip per dayextreme hot or cold climate conditionsmountainous, dusty or de-iced roadsheavy stop-and-go vs. long-distance cruising towing a trailer or other heavy load



Auto maintenance describes the act of inspecting or testing the condition of car subsystems (e.g., engine) and servicing or replacing parts and fluids.

Regular maintenance is critical to ensure the safety, reliability, drivability, comfort and longevity of a car.

During preventive maintenance, a number of parts are replaced to avoid major damage or for safety reasons, e.g. timing belt replacement.



Common car maintenance tasks include:Car wash check/replace the engine oil and replace oil filters check/replace fuel filters inspect or replace windshield wipers check or refill windshield washer fluid inspect tires for pressure and wearTire balancingTire rotationWheel alignmentcheck, clean or replace battery terminals and top up battery fluidinspect or replace brake pads


Reasons for carrying out regular Automobile Maintenancecheck or flush brake fluidcheck or flush transmission fluidcheck or flush power steering fluidcheck and flush engine coolant inspect or replace spark plugs inspect or replace air filter inspect or replace timing belt and other belts lubricate locks, latches, hingescheck all lights tighten chassis nuts and boltscheck if rubber boots are cracked and need

replacement test electronics, e.g., Anti-lock braking system or ABS read fault codes from the Engine control unit


QUIZ


(2.5a)

Identify the types of scheduled servicing carried out on road vehicle

Unit2 Chassis System 12.5a)Identify the types of scheduled servicing carried out on road vehicle


PDI( Pre Delivery Inspection)

A pre-delivery service is performed on a new vehicle before it is delivered to the customer.

It is performed to check that the vehicle is in correct working order and is operating as the manufacturer intended.

It is also the time to check that the required options are installed and dealer fitted accessories are in order.


First Service

A first service is usually performed at around 1000 miles (m) or 1500 kilometers (km).

The function is to check the general condition of the vehicle, change the engine oil and make any minor adjustments.

The owner may also require some early warranty repairs.


Distance Based Service (Miles/ Kilometer):

Distance based services are used to maintain the vehicle at its optimum condition after a set amount of use.

The distance between the services varies and can range from 3000 m or 5000 km upward depending on the manufacturer.

Minor services are performed at shorter intervals, and major services performed at longer intervals.

A major service includes the items performed at a minor service, but also includes other service items that need to be performed less frequently.

At service, lubricants can be changed, items such as spark plugs and filters replaced and adjustments and checks performed on components that wear out, such as brake pads and tires.


Time Based (Months):

Time based services protect a vehicle from deterioration over time rather than from the usage, which is measured by the distance travelled.

These are performed when a vehicle is less used very much and travels only a small distance over a period of time.

Minor services are performed at 6-month intervals. Major services are performed every 12 months.

Lubricants and fluids have a service life and should be changed even if the vehicle has covered only a few miles or kilometers since the last service.

Time based services are also performed on a seasonal basis, to prepare the vehicle for the onset of summer or winter.


Computer Controlled ( On- Board Vehicle Computer)

A trip computer is an onboard computer device fitted to cars which can generally record distance travelled, average speed, average fuel consumption, and display real time fuel consumption information. This computer can be found in various vehicles

Sometimes the trip computer display will be incorporated into the gauge cluster, into the dashboard or navigation system screen, or in an overhead console.

Some vehicles will convey maintenance information to the driver to inform them of scheduled maintenance


Computer Controlled ( On- Board Vehicle Computer)


Safety Checks

Fluid Levels: oil, wipers, coolant, power steering, brake and transmission;

Brakes: for firmness;

Tire Pressure: and treads - keep an eye out for uneven wear;

Light Bulbs: in the trunk, under the hood and in the glove compartment;

All Lights: front, high and low beam, brake lights, directional and interior lights;

Belts, hoses and wires for wear, loosening or dislocation;

Horn;

Spare tire and access to it.

Contents of First Aid and Car Safety Kit: update and replenish as necessary.


Warranty

In business and legal transactions, a warranty is an assurance by one party to the other party that specific facts or conditions are true or will happen;

the other party is permitted to rely on that assurance and seek some type of remedy if it is not true or followed.


Quiz


(2.6a)

Identify routine vehicle checks and basic scheduled servicing as recommended by vehicle manufacturer

Unit2 Chassis System 12.6a)Identify routine vehicle checks and basic scheduled servicing as recommended by vehicle manufacturer


Oil Level

Engine

Checking your car's oil level is the single most important thing you can do to extend the life of your car's engine.

Oil is the life blood of your car.

The dipstick is a long rod that goes deep into your engine to check the oil level


Oil Level

Engine


Oil Level

Transmission


Hydraulic Fluid Level

Brake Fluid Level


Hydraulic Fluid Level

Power Steering Fluid Level

unit2 chassis system 1

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vehicle body components

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aidentify light

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