upper cook inlet basin - alaskadoa.alaska.gov/ogc/reports-studies/energyforum/06_ppt_pdfs/25... ·...

UPPER COOK INLET BASINREVIEW

Anchorage

Cook

Inlet

Basin

Through July 2006: 1.3 billion barrels of oil7.2 trillion cubic feet of gas

Modified from USGS National Map

•Basin / Accumulation Origins

•Exploration History

•Future



•Future



•Future

Anchorage



UPPER COOK INLET BASINBasin / Reservoir Origins

Anchorage

Castle Mountain

Fault

Bruin B

ay Fau

lt

Border

Range

s Faul

t

Augustine-Seldovia Arch


Anchorage

Alaska Range

Alaska

Penin

sula Vo

lcanoe

s

Kenai

- Chugac

h Moun

tains

Aleuti

an Tre

nch



Gulf o

f Alas

ka

Modified from:Tornqvist, T., 2005, Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, University of Chicago, http://www.uic.edu/classes/geol/eaes350/

UPPER COOK INLET BASINBasin / Reservoir OriginsNW SE

Forearc Basin

AccretionaryPrism

Volcanic Arc

Trench

Subduction Z

onePacific PlateN.A. Plate

0

50

100

Miles

Modified from:Tornqvist, T., 2005, Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, University of Chicago, http://www.uic.edu/classes/geol/eaes350/

UPPER COOK INLET BASINBasin / Reservoir OriginsNW SE

Subduction Z

onePacific PlateN.A. Plate

0

50

100

MilesCook Inlet Basin

Kenai-ChugachMountains

Alaska PeninsulaVolcanoes

Aleutian Trench



Castle Mountai

n Fault

Bruin

Bay F

ault

Border Ranges Fa

ultAugustine-

Seldovia Arch

A

A’


A A’

A

A’

Vertical Exaggeration 8-1/2 X

0

4 miles

http://www.dog.dnr.state.ak.us/oil/products/slideshows/ogactivity_feb1999/sld025.htmModified from: Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of Oil and Gas

5. Trap / Seal– Structural (fault, fold, etc.)– Stratigraphic (encapsulated reservoir)


5 Elements Essential to Formation of any Oil or Gas Field

1. Source Rock (organic-rich)

2. Hydrocarbon Generation Mechanism

3. Migration Pathway

4. Reservoir Rock


These essential elements constitute what is called a

“Petroleum System”

That is, all of the elements necessary to generate, move and trap hydrocarbons


The Upper Cook Inlet Basin contains two Petroleum Systems:

1. Tuxedni – Hemlock • Deeper, oil-bearing reservoirs• Gas is associated with oil accumulations• “Wet” gas – methane with heavier gases

Siltstone, dark gray, clay-rich, Averages ~1.7% organic material

Principle Reservoir

Tuxedni

Hemlock

Tuxedni – HemlockPetroleum System


Oil & Associated Gas

Tuxedni

Tyonek

W ForelandHemlock

U.Cook Inlet BasinStratigraphic

Column

Tuxedni

Sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone,conglomerates

Source Rock

Hemlock

Modified from Magoon, L.B., 1994

TuxedniSiltstone, dark gray, clay-rich, Averages ~1.7% organic material

Hemlock

Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone

TyonekMassively bedded sandstones with siltstone & thick, continuous coals


Secondary Reservoirs

West Foreland




Column

W. Foreland

LowerTyonek

Source Rock



Sealing Rock

Source RockReservoir Rock

Overburden Rock

COOK INLET BASINBasin / Reservoir Origins


Overburden RockSealing Rock

Reservoir Rock

Source Rock

Oil Window (~ 4 miles deep)

Heat & Pressure

Oil is generated

Oil migrates and is trapped

Oil Window



Overburden Rock

Heat & Pressure

Oil Window Oil generation continues



Spill point

Spill point

Heat & Pressure

Gas Window (~ 5 miles)

Oil Window

Gas is generated

Oil generation continues



Heat & Pressure

Heat & Pressure

Gas Window (~ 5 miles)

Oil Window

Gas is generated

Gas and oil migrate and are trapped

Oil generation continues



Tuxedni

Hemlock

Lower Tyonek


Reservoirs

West Foreland



Tuxedni

Tyonek

W ForelandHemlock


Column

Hemlock

Tuxedni

W. Foreland

Lower Tyonek


Source Rock

A A

A

A’U. COOK INLET BASIN

Exploration HistorySwanson RiverBeaver Creek

Granite PointTrading Bay UnitMiddle Grnd ShoalMcArthur RiverRedoubt Shoal


Upper Cook Inlet BasinField Distribution


ReservoirsSterling

Beluga

Tyonek

Cook In

let

ReservoirsSterling

Beluga

Tyonek

Cook In

let

Modified from Magoon, L.B., 1994Basemap from AK DNR, 2005


The Upper Cook Inlet Basin contains two Petroleum Systems:

1. Tuxedni – Hemlock • Deeper, oil-bearing reservoirs• Gas is associated with oil accumulations• “Wet” gas – methane with heavier gases

2. Non-Associated Gas• Shallow, gas only, not associated with oil• “Dry” gas – almost entirely methane• Biogenic origin

L. Sterling FormationStacked fluvial channels: massive sandstone / conglomerate inter-bedded mudstones, siltstones and thin coals

Non-AssociatedPetroleum System

Biogenic Gas Reservoirs

Beluga FormationSiltstone with common fluvial sandstone, thin, discontinuous coals,and volcanic tuffs.


Column

U. Tyonek FormationMassively bedded sandstones with siltstone & thick, continuous coals


Source Rock Coal beds disbursed within the U. Tyonek,Beluga and L. Sterling

Upper Tyonek

Beluga

Sterling


A A

A

A’U. COOK INLET BASIN

Exploration HistoryBeaver CreekKenai Sterling Swanson River

Beluga RiverLewis RiverMcArthur RiverNorth Cook InletNicolai Creek

Upper Cook Inlet BasinField Distribution

Non-AssociatedPetroleum System

Dry Gas Field Distribution


ReservoirsSterling

Beluga

Tyonek

Cook In

let



•Future



•Future



•Future

Anchorage



UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1900-1919 Earliest Exploration Wells

Iniskin Peninsula

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil Well

Anchorage

Homer

Kenai

Palmer

0 30 miles

Oil Wells6Expl.Well Count

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1920-1949 Sporadic Exploration

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil WellWell fromprevious period

Anchorage

Homer

Kenai

Palmer

Old Wildcat No. 1

Chickaloon No. 1

Iniskin Bay Associates No. 1


Houston / Rosetta

Swanson River Field

Iniskin Area

Kenai Gas Field

Deep Creek

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1950-1959 Increased Exploration

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells


Anchorage

Homer

Kenai

PalmerHouston


Swanson River

Iniskin Area

Kenai

Deep Creek

Houston / Rosetta

Swanson River Field

Iniskin Area

Kenai Gas Field

Deep Creek

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1950-1959 Renewed Interest

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil Field1

Million Bbls Oil230Oil WellWell fromprevious period

Anchorage

Homer

Kenai

Palmer

Swanson River Field

Iniskin Area

Kenai Gas Field

Deep Creek

Gas Field1

Billion CF Gas2700

Results


Houston

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1960-1964 The Boom Begins

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil WellGas Well

Well fromprevious period

Homer

Kenai

Palmer

Anchorage


Gas Well1

PAN AMERICAN MGS ST 17595 No. 1Middle Ground Shoal - 1962

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1960-1964 The Boom Begins

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil WellGas Well


Homer

Kenai

Palmer

West Fork Field

Beluga River Field

Middle Grnd Shoal FieldN. Cook Inlet Field

West Foreland Field

Falls Creek Field

Sterling Field

Oil Field1

Million Bbls Oil210Gas Fields6

Billion CF Gas3700

Results


Gas Well1

Shell Platform AMiddle Ground Shoal Field - 1964

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1965-1969 Greatest Activity and Success

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil WellGas Well


Homer

Palmer

Anchorage


Gas Wells4

Polar Cub JackupTyonek St. 18742 No. 1

Granite Point Field AreaJuly 1965

ARCO King SalmonMcArthur River Field - 1967

Cook Inlet Platforms1968

Unocal MonopodTrading Bay Field - 1966

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1965-1969 Greatest Activity and Success

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil WellGas Well


Homer

Palmer

Birch Hill

North Fork

Nicolai Ck.Granite Pt.

Trading BayN. Trading Bay

A. KaloaMoquawkie

Ivan River

McArthur RiverRedoubt Shoal

Anchorage

Oil Fields5

Million Bbls Oil920Gas Fields6

Billion CF Gas1700

Results


Gas Wells4

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1970-1974 Interest Shifts to North Slope

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells


Anchorage

Homer

Palmer

KenaiBeaver Creek

Oil Field1

Million Bbls Oil7Billion CF Gas220

Results


UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1975-1979 Activity Level Remains Flat

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil WellGas Well


Anchorage

Homer

Palmer

Lewis RiverStump Lake

Pretty Creek

Cannery Loop

Billion CF Gas230

Results


Gas Wells8

Gas Fields4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1980-1989 The Drilling Boom is Elsewhere

Oil WellGas Well


Anchorage

Homer

Palmer

KenaiWolf Lake

Billion CF Gas1

Results


Gas Wells8

Gas Field1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

Oil WellGas Well


Anchorage

Homer

Palmer

Kenai

Lone Creek

W. McArthur River

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN1990-1999 Slightly Increased Activity

Billion CF Gas14

Results


Gas Wells6

Oil Field1Gas Field1Million Bbls Oil14

BCF Gas170+/-(?)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1900

-191

919

20-1

949

1950

-195

919

60-1

964

1965

-196

919

70-1

974

1975

-197

919

80-1

989

1990

-199

920

00+

Coun

t of

Wells

UPPER COOK INLET BASIN2000+ Renewed Interest in the Cook Inlet

Oil WellGas Well


Anchorage

Homer

Palmer

Kenai

Happy Valley

Three Mile Ck

Ninilchik UnitResults


Gas Wells46

Gas Fields3

UPPER COOK INLET BASINExploration Wells 1900-2006

Oil WellGas Well

Oil Wells262Gas Wells73

Anchorage

Homer

Palmer

Kenai

0 30 miles

Total Wells335

+

Oil Fields9

Billion Bbls Oil1.4Gas Fields22

Trillion CF Gas8.9

Results

Expl.Well Count

Homer

Ninilchik

Kasilof

Kenai

Anchorage

Palmer

Castle Mountain Fault

Bord

er R

ange

s Fa

ult

EagleRiver

As of 2006, 297 exploratory wells within this area of interest

About one exploratory well for every 30 square miles

U. COOK INLET BASINExploration History

After Thomas, C., and others, 2004


ReservoirsSterling

Beluga

Tyonek

Cook In

let

U. COOK INLET BASINBeluga River Gas Field

1963 – 20061.0 Tcf of gas1963 – 20061.0 Tcf of gasModified from AOGCC Annual Report, 2004

One exploratory well for every 30 squaremiles

Beluga River1.0 Tcf


Homer

Ninilchik

Kasilof

Kenai

Anchorage

Palmer

Castle Mountain Fault

Bord

er R

ange

s Fa

ult

EagleRiver

As of 2006:

42 exploratory wells >14,000 ft21 exploratory wells >15,000 ft6 exploratory wells >16,000 ft

U. COOK INLET BASINExploration History

Still Room for Deep Exploratory Drilling!

>14,000’>15,000’>16,000’

Well Depth



•Future



•Future



•Future

Anchorage



Cook Inlet Historical and Projected ProductionProved Developed Non-associated Gas

No additional drilling, compression, other reserves addition or production acceleration

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Ave

rage

Ann

ual D

aily

Gas

Rat

e, M

MSC

FD

Other Granite PointStump LakeNorth ForkLewis RiverPretty CreekLone CreekNicolaiTrading BayAlbert KaloaWolf LakeSwanson RiverSterlingIvan RiverW. ForelandDeep CreekBeaver CreekNinilchikKenai CLUKenaiMcArthurNorth Cook InletBeluga

Historical Prediction

Cook Inlet Gas Pools RatesCook Inlet Gas Pools RatesHistoric & ForecastHistoric & Forecast

Beluga River

N. Cook Inlet

McArthurRiverKenai

AOGCC 2006

Cook Inlet Gas Pools RatesCook Inlet Gas Pools RatesHistoric & ForecastHistoric & Forecast

Beluga River

N. Cook Inlet

McArthurRiverKenai

Cook Inlet Historical and Projected ProductionProved Non-associated Gas

AOGCC Estimate plus DNR estimate of Probable Undeveloped Reserves

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Ave

rage

Ann

ual D

aily

Gas

Rat

e, M

MSC

FD

.

Probable Undeveloped (source DNR 2006)Other Granite PointStump LakeNorth ForkLewis RiverPretty CreekLone CreekNicolaiTrading BayAlbert KaloaWolf LakeSwanson RiverSterlingIvan RiverW. ForelandDeep CreekBeaver CreekNinilchikKenai CLUKenaiMcArthurNorth Cook InletBeluga

Historical Prediction

AOGCC 2006

Non-Associated Gas Fields

Forecast for Proven Gas Reserves and Annual Gas consumption for the Residential/Commercial and Power Sectors

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

2029

2031

2033

2035

MM

cfd

Residential/Commerical PowerIndustrial SAIC (DOE Report)AOGCC Estimate DNR-DOG 2006 Annual Report

From Figure 4 "Alaska Natural Gas Needs and Market Assessment" April 2006 Report prepared for DOE - RDS and SAIC Contributers)

Modified from Thomas, C., and others, 2006

• There is still plenty of opportunity left for exploratory drilling!

• AOGCC, DNR, and DOE: CI reserves projections are similar

• Without additional gas reserves or an alternative energy supply:

– 2008 to 2009 • Production will not meet full demand of industrial users along with power

generation and gas utilities

– 2014 (+/-) (with all industrial users Shut-in)• Production will not fully supply South central power and gas utility requirements.

Notes:

*For current decline. Workovers, gas storage may delay the shortfall from existing fields.

Cook Inlet Gas Supply/DemandCook Inlet Gas Supply/DemandConclusions

Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (AOGCC)

Contact Information

Phone: (907) 793-1221 Fax: (907) 276-7542

www.aogcc.alaska.govPhoto by Daniel T. Seamount Jr

Solutions are needed!(That’s why we’re here today.)

upper cook inlet basin - alaskadoa.alaska.gov/ogc/reports-studies/energyforum/06_ppt_pdfs/25... ·...

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