u.s. department of energy hydrogen and fuel cells overview
DESCRIPTION
U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Overview. Greg Kleen. Education and Outreach Lead Fuel Cell Technologies Office U.S. Department of Energy. 6/11/2014. Ohio Fuel Cell Symposium Elyria, OH. “All of the Above” for Sustainable Transportation. - EERE Technology Offices. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1 | Fuel Cell Technologies Office eere.energy.gov
U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Overview
Ohio Fuel Cell SymposiumElyria, OH
Greg Kleen
Education and Outreach Lead
Fuel Cell Technologies Office
U.S. Department of Energy6/11/2014
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Hydrogen and Fuel CellsIncluding stationary power
Vehicles
Bioenergy
- EERE Technology Offices
National Energy Goals & Climate Action PlanReduce net oil imports by 50% by 2020, compared to 2008Reduce GHG emissions >80% below 2005 levels by 2050
• Efficiency Improvement• Fuel Diversification• Domestic & Renewable
Sources • Reduced GHG
“All of the Above” for Sustainable Transportation
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Worldwide Investment & Interest Are Strong and Growing
Interest in fuel cells and hydrogen is global, with more than $1 billion in public investment in RD&D annually.
Worldwide fuel cell markets continue to grow (~30,000 units shipped in 2012; ~35% increase over 2011)
Sources: Navigant Research, DOE Fuel Cells Market Report
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5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012P
(Sys
tem
s S
hip
ped
)
Fuel Cell Systems Shipped by Application, World Markets: 2008-2012
Stationary Transportation Portable
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012P
(Sys
tem
s S
hip
ped
)
Fuel Cell Systems Shippedby Key Countries of Manufacture: 2008-2012
United States Germany South Korea Japan All Others
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• Clean Energy Patent Growth Index[1] shows growth in all clean energy technology patents• More than 1,000 fuel cell patents issued in 2012
OverviewFuel Cells – An Emerging Global Industry
[1] http://cepgi.typepad.com/heslin_rothenberg_farley_/2013/03/clean-energy-patent-growth-index-2011-year-in-review.html
United States44%
Other3%
Great Britain1%Canada
2%
Taiwan2%France
2%
Germany6%
Korea7%
Japan33%
Fuel Cell Patents Geographic Dis-tribution 2002-2012
Top 10 companies for fuel cell patents: GM, Honda, Toyota, Samsung, UTC Power, Nissan, Ballard, Panasonic, Plug Power, Delphi Technologies
Source: Clean Energy Patent Growth Index
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Fuel cells in the spotlight- examples
President Obama inspects a fuel cartridge while at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology.
Business case is emerging for fuel cell forklifts and ground support equipment
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Hydrogen fuel cell powers lights at entertainment industry events
Hydrogen fuel cell powers remote camera at NASCAR event
Fuel cells in the spotlight- examples
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Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles at U.S. Auto Shows
FCEVs on display at North American auto shows.
Toyota Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
Honda Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
To be launched in California in Summer 2014—lease includes
free H2 and maintenance.
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DOE R&D • Reduces cost and improves
performance
Reduced cost of fuel cells 50% since 2006
2020 target $40/kW, ultimate target $30/kW
Target: $30/kW
Status:$55/kW(high vol)
DOE Program: RD&D to Deployments
DOE Demonstrations& Technology Validation
• Validate advanced technologies under real-world conditions
• Feedback guides R&D
Examples—validated: • 59% efficiency• 254 mile range
(independently validated 430-mile range)
• 75,000-mi durability
Program also includes enabling activities such as codes & standards, analysis, and education.
Transportation Fuel Cell System Cost- projected to high-volume (500,000 units per year) -
Reduced cost of electrolyzer stacks 60% since 2007
Examples of progress:
Deployments
• DOE Recovery Act and Market Transformation Projects
• Government Early Adoption (DoD, FAA, California, etc.)
• Tax Credits: 1603, 48C
Nearly 1,600 fuel cells deployed
Recovery Act & Market Transformation Deployments
Demonstrated >180 FCEVs, 25 stations, 3.6 million miles traveled
Demonstrated world’s first tri-gen* station (250 kW fuel cell on biogas, 100 kg/d of H2)
*Stationary fuel cell providing heat, hydrogen, and power.
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Projected high-volume cost of fuel cells has been reduced to $55/kW (2013)*
•More than 30% reduction since 2008
•More than 50% reduction since 2006
*Based on projection to high-volume manufacturing (500,000 units/year) and assuming Pt price is $1,500/troy ounce. The projected cost status is based on an analysis of state-of-the-art components that have been developed and demonstrated through the DOE Program at the laboratory scale. Additional efforts would be needed for integration of components into a complete automotive system that meets durability requirements in real-world conditions.
Fuel Cell Cost Reduction
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Hydrogen Production - Strategies
Technology Readiness of DOE Funded Production Pathways
Estimated Plant Capacity (kg/day)
100,00050,000Up to 1,500 ≥500,000
P&D Subprogram R&D efforts successfully concluded
FE, NE: R&D efforts in DOE Offices of Fossil and Nuclear Energy, respectively
Today - 2015 2015-2020 2020-2030
Natural Gas Reforming
Dist
ribut
ed
C
entr
al
Natural Gas Reforming Biomass
Gasification
Bio-derived liquids
Electrolysis (Grid)
Coal GasificationWith CCS
Electrolysis (wind)
High-temp Electrolysis
PEC
STCHPhoto-
biological
FENE
Electrolysis (solar)
solar pathways- longer term
Fermentation
Biomass pathways – mid term
Established Industrial Process
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Hydrogen Production Strategies
Goal:
Develop technologies to produce hydrogen from clean, domestic resources at a delivered and dispensed cost of $2-$4/gge H2
Projected High-Volume Cost of Hydrogen Production for Different Pathways
• Cost ranges are shown in 2007 dollars, based on projections from H2A analyses, and reflect variability in major feedstock pricing and a bounded range for capital cost estimates.
• Projections of costs assume Nth-plant construction, distributed station capacities of 1,500 kg/day, and centralized station capacities of ≥50,000 kg/day.
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Hydrogen Delivery
Station costs dominate delivery costs—key focus area.
Delivery Focus
Identify cost drivers for H2 delivery in early market applications
Evaluate options to improve station compressor reliability
Investigate the role of higher-pressure tube trailers in reducing station costs
* Details for the high volume cost projection assumptions can be found in Record 13013
**Based on HDSAM (v2.3) analysis assuming 10% market penetration in a city with a population of 1.5M and 2011 technology
Electrical3%
Dispenser5%
Remainder of Sta-tion7%
Refrigeration8%
Storage24%
Compression53%
Refueling Station Cost Breakdown**
The use of 350 bar tube trailers has led to lower station costs, however they still account for >50% of the total projected delivery cost.
*
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Hydrogen Storage
* Included in President’s Materials Genome Initiative, http://www.whitehouse.gov/mgi
Launched open source database* on Hydrogen Storage Materials Properties
(http://hydrogenmaterialssearch.govtools.us/)
Start Time to Full Flow (-20°C)
Wells-to-Power PlantEfficiency
Cost reduction
Cost Reduction for Hydrogen Adsorption Systems
Strategic Analysis
3X increase in tensile strength demonstrated in C-fiber from melt-spun PAN precursor (ORNL)
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Enabling Early Markets
Deployments help catalyze market penetration and ensure continued technology utilization growth while providing data and lessons learned.
Leveraging DOE Funds: Government as “catalyst” for market success of emerging technologies.
Cost Share De-ployments ~1,600
Additional Purchases without DOE Funding
~9,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Lift Trucks
BU Power
Backup Power
Lift Trucks
DOE cost-shared deployments led to >5X additional purchases and orders.
~9,000 ADDITIONAL FUEL CELL LIFT TRUCKS AND BACKUP POWER UNITS PLANNED OR INSTALLED with NO DOE funding
Examples of industry* sectors in DOE ARRA projects• Telecommunications (e.g. AT&T, PG&E. Sprint, etc.)• Distribution Centers/Warehouses (e.g. FedEx, Genco,
Sysco, Wegmans, Whole Foods, etc.)
*Provided as examples and not intended as endorsement
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FCEVs and Fuel Cell Buses • > 560 vehicles in operation
since 1999 — ~230 currently operating
• > 6 million miles driven• > 1 million passengers on fuel
cell buses
H2 Station Investment • $51.5M invested (CARB and
CEC)• ~$13M invested by SCAQMD• ~$29.9M available
(CEC PON 13-607)• $20M planned for 14/15 (CEC)• $20M annually thru 2023 for at
least 100 stations (AB8)
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Initiatives at the State Level
Several states—including California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Ohio, New York, and South Carolina—have major hydrogen and fuel cell programs underway.
California
Agreement signed by 12 stakeholders—including GM, utilities, hydrogen providers, DOD, DOE—to establish hydrogen as a major part of the solution to Hawaii’s energy challenges.
•15 GM FCEVs currently in demonstrations with military
Hawaii
Northeast (e.g. MA, NY, CT)
Preliminary Plans: 3 phase plan modelled by CCAT for the development of hydrogen infrastructure and deployment of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in the north eastern coastal metro centers.
• Renewable hydrogen (from geothermal and wind energy) will be used for buses
• Goals include a public access nascent refueling infrastructure on Oahu by 2015 to support initial deployments of government and industry FCEV fleets
Hydrogen Stations in Planning / Development Stage - OAHU
8 states sign MoU to put 3.3M zero-emission vehicles on roads by 2025States include California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, & Vermont
• Represents a new vehicle market penetration of ~15%
DRAFT
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Mission: To promote the commercial introduction and widespread adoption of FCEVs across America through creation of a public-private partnership to overcome the hurdle of establishing hydrogen infrastructure.
Co-Launched Public-Private Partnership
Current partners include (additional in process):
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Future Directions- Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF)Future directions include increased cross-cutting activities and collaboration such as through DOE’s new
national asset for energy systems integration research, development, and testing
www.nrel.gov/esif
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Hydrogen Safety
Examples:Piping (36)Valve (36)Flexible Tubing (8)Gasket (6)Bolts (6)
• Safety Information helps guide R&D.• It is critical to collect and disseminate
relevant information.
• Trained > 26,000 first-responders and code officials on hydrogen safety and permitting through on-line and in-classroom courses
Two Looks at H2Incidents.org210 Lessons Learned Events in "H2Incidents.org"
Announced by the U.S. Department
of EnergySeptember 2013
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FCTO Newsletter
Visit FCTO’s website at hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov
Sign up for the monthly newsletter at
http://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cell-technologies-office-newsletter
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FCTO Webinars
Check out the most recent webinars at
http://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/2014-webinar-archives
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Energy 101: Fuel Cells
See Google+ Hangout discussion at:http://www.energy.gov/articles/live-discussion-energy-101-fuel-cells
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Annual Merit Review - Upcoming Dates
June 16-20, 2014 - Washington, D.C.
June 8-12, 2015 - Arlington, VA
June 6-10, 2016 - Washington, D.C.
June 5-9, 2017 - Washington, D.C.
http://annualmeritreview.energy.gov/
Key Reports
Pathways to Commercial Success: Technologies and Products Supported by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program
By PNNL, http://www.pnl.gov/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/pathways_2013.pdf
The Business Case for Fuel Cells 2013: Reliability, Resiliency & SavingsBy FuelCells2000, http://www.fuelcells.org
See report: http://www.fuelcells.org/pdfs/2013BusinessCaseforFuelCells.pdf
State of the States 2013: Fuel Cells in AmericaBy FuelCells2000, http://www.fuelcells.org
See report: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/state_of_the_states_2013.
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Continue to promote and strengthen R&D activities
– Hydrogen, fuel cells, safety, manufacturing, etc.
– Cost, performance, durability need to be addressed
Conduct strategic, selective demonstrations of innovative technologies
– Industry cost share and potential to accelerate market transformation
Continue to conduct key analyses to guide RD&D and path forward
– Life cycle cost; economic & environmental analyses, etc.
Leverage activities to maximize impact
– U.S. and global partnerships
– H2USA: Public-Private partnership to enable widespread commercialization of hydrogen vehicles in the United States
Future Plans - Summary
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Examples of DOE-funded Partners and Locations – Fuel Cell Technologies Program
Source: US DOE 12/2010
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Thank You
hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov