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1

VCO input voltage

capture

lockrange

range

PD outputcurrent

Kvco

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input

freq

VCO

input

voltage

time

time

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PD output

current

VCO input voltage

lockrange

V V Ko R pd

2

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S & HVCO+

R

R

R

C

S

E

v (t)E

Rv (t)

I (t)FB

F(s)

v(t)

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.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9

.2

.6

.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

.4

frequency ratio

ratio

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

C

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

C

C

C

C

C

1

1

1

C C C C C

1 C C 1 1C

11

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1

1

1

C 2 C

C 1 3 C

1 C C C C

C

3

C

3

3

C13

C

C

C

amplitude

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