value-added agriculture and rural development

Value-Added Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentProf. Maureen Kilkenny Dept. of Economics, Iowa State Universityfor the Council of State Governments 57th Annual Midwestern Legislative ConferenceAugust 20, 2002 Fargo, North Dakota

outline1. what we SAY are rural development problems2. what we DO 3. why value-added agriculture?4. critique 5. ideas for the future

rural housing & infrastructurenon-farm jobs & income reward land stewardshippriority issues:

Chart1

0.555555555610.80.875

0.33333333330.33333333330.60.625

0.44444444440.83333333330.80.5

0.11111111110.50.40.5

0.33333333330.83333333330.80.5

0.77777777780.33333333330.40.5

00.16666666670.20.375

0.22222222220.33333333330.40.375

0.22222222220.16666666670.20.25

0.11111111110.333333333300.25

0.66666666670.33333333330.60.25

0.22222222220.16666666670.20.125

0.44444444440.33333333330.60.125

00.16666666670.40.125

0000

0.2222222222000

0.111111111100.40

NoEast

South

West

Midwest

Perceived Rural Development Problems% of surveyed agricultural economists indicating 4-5

1. Who

Who should benefit most?share of sumsum shares

survey numbercount >= maxmaxa. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)suma. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)

abcdefgabcdefg

13545525122417%21%21%8%21%4%8%

21545133201822%28%6%17%17%11%0%

3252545312229%23%18%23%14%5%9%

42532141552114%10%5%19%5%24%24%

52424423221911%21%21%11%16%11%11%

61543434352615%12%15%12%15%12%19%

71534433352512%16%16%12%12%12%20%

81545334202119%24%14%14%19%10%0%

92531421552114%5%19%10%5%24%24%

101534423352413%17%17%8%13%13%21%

111543205011527%20%13%0%33%0%7%

121533333352313%13%13%13%13%13%22%

132545500041822%28%28%0%0%0%22%

142545544222615%19%19%15%15%8%8%

151544435132417%17%17%13%21%4%13%

161535334312214%23%14%14%18%14%5%

172554533332619%15%19%12%12%12%12%

181554333332421%17%13%13%13%13%13%

194535555232811%18%18%18%18%7%11%

201534323152114%19%14%10%14%5%24%

211535333232214%23%14%14%14%9%14%

221553422211926%16%21%11%11%11%5%

233545554433013%17%17%17%13%13%10%

241535444212313%22%17%17%17%9%4%

25151354322205%15%25%20%15%10%10%

262525325312110%24%14%10%24%14%5%

271534433252413%17%17%13%13%8%21%

281534335342512%16%12%12%20%12%16%

2900

3000

3100

3200

sum9411410381946581

sum/non93.44.13.73.13.52.53.1

stdev0.951.051.121.231.281.221.69stdev0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

avg3.364.073.682.893.362.322.891.33farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens

5 top priority3127362811%43%25%11%21%7%29%

49910461232%32%36%14%21%4%7%

3125812129643%18%29%43%43%32%21%

23117110511%4%4%25%4%36%18%

111202454%4%7%0%7%14%18%

unable to rank00021220%0%0%7%4%7%7%

sum28282828282828sorted:

rural poorall citizensnon-farm enterprisesimmobilefarmersmobile citizensenvironmentalists

percent ranking >=45 top priority43%29%25%21%11%11%7%

farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens432%7%36%21%32%14%4%

USA43%75%61%25%43%11%36%318%21%29%43%43%43%32%

EU53%41%38%25%44%19%34%24%18%4%4%11%25%36%

sorted1 lowest priority4%18%7%7%4%14%

rural poornon-farm enterprisesfarmersimmobile citizensall citizens equallymobile rural citizensenvironmental interestsunable to rank7%4%7%7%

USA75%61%43%43%36%25%11%

EU41%38%53%44%34%25%19%

rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobile citizensfarmersall citizensmobile citizensenvironmentalists

average*4.13.73.53.43.13.12.5

SD1.11.11.31.01.71.21.2

2SD2.12.22.61.93.42.52.4

rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobilefarmersall citizensmobile citizensenvironmentalists

+2SD6.25.96.05.36.55.64.9

-2SD2.01.40.91.5-0.30.70.1

average4.13.73.53.43.13.12.5

EAEA results:rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobile citizensfarmersall citizens equallymobile citizensenvironmentalists

EAAE3.55555555563.46153846153.37037037043.65384615383.30434782612.882.7727272727

farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens

CENET&NE1629411410381946581

EAAE95969072916176

1. Who

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

5 top priority

4

3

2

1 lowest priority

unable to rank

Priority in Rural Development CENET & NE-162 responses August, 2001

regional problems

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000

000

000

000

000

000

+2SD

-2SD

average

increasing rank

Priority in Rural Development

2. Problem

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EAAE

CENET&NE162

Priority Group

4. strategies

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00

USA

EU

Priority Group In Rural Development% ranked 4 or 5

3.Objectives

2. What are the problems?

survey numbera. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktregion

abcdefghijklmnopqsurvey#region

6001232111312354331Rhode Island, USA12

9343515153134354151New Jersey23

11131330133533350101Pennsylvania33

12333333333444343331Idaho42

14455500143444044111NoEast52

18422222313434244251NewHampshire61

21342311114324331111USA74

22221335312434313141NewHampshire82

26153422112333442321Pennsylvania91

1123411111411131122Indiana104

4335443123212321242NoCentral USA111

5135354111543352222Kansas121

8343331121533243142Missouri133

23554432223433353322Iowa141

25353532215444234242Illinois153

27441223223445333142Wisconsin163

28115351124431141452Iowa174

2351531015533313103southern USA181

3354403125545215133SoCentral USA193

13555553313535033103Virginia204

15235131113523314123MidAtlantic211

16341515132543242443Arkansas221

19342432223533243143Tennessee232

7343523132434335424Colorado244

10153323333553553154Wyoming252

17355535131555355554Idaho261

20334542121324425344Utah272

24453432122433333134Oregon282

2929

3030

3131

3232

4-5 priority/total non-9

housing or infrastructurestewardship not rewardednon-farm povertysocial problemsunemploymentenvironmentvacant propertyrural depopulationfarm povertycommuteincome distributionabsentees or gentrificationdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitiesidle farm landhigh cost-of-livingbiz cycles

NoEast56%33%44%11%33%78%0%22%22%11%67%22%44%0%0%22%11%9

Midwest88%63%50%50%50%50%38%38%25%25%25%13%13%13%0%0%0%8

South100%33%83%50%83%33%17%33%17%33%33%17%33%17%0%0%0%6

West80%60%80%40%80%40%20%40%20%0%60%20%60%40%0%0%40%5

28

abcdefghijklmnopq

farm povertynon-farm povertysocial problemsunemploymentvacant propertyabsentees or gentrificationidle farm landhigh cost-of-livingcommutehousing or infrastructurerural depopulationincome distributionbustsenvironmentdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitiesstewardshipnot rewarded

NoEast22%44%11%33%0%22%0%22%11%56%22%67%11%78%44%0%33%9

Midwest25%50%50%50%38%13%0%0%25%88%38%25%0%50%13%13%63%8

South17%83%50%83%17%17%0%0%33%100%33%33%0%33%33%17%33%6

West20%80%40%80%20%20%0%0%0%80%40%60%40%40%60%40%60%5

3.Objectives

0000

0000

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0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

NoEast

South

West

Midwest

Regional Rural Development Problems% of respondents indicating 4-5

raw data


survey numbera. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktregionagehighest degtitlepolicyenvirmktgintlfarm mngmtrural devother

abcdefghijklmnopq

112341111141113112Indiana

235153101553331310southern USA

335440312554521513SoCentral USA

433544312321232124NoCentral USA

513535411154335222Kansas

600123211131235433Rhode Island, USA

734352313243433542Colorado

834333112153324314Missouri

934351515313435415New Jersey

1015332333355355315Wyoming

1113133013353335010Pennsylvania

1233333333344434333Idaho

1355555331353503310Virginia

1445550014344404411NoEast

1523513111352331412MidAtlantic

1634151513254324244Arkansas

1735553513155535555Idaho

1842222231343424425NewHampshire

1934243222353324314Tennessee

2033454212132442534Utah

2134231111432433111USA

2222133531243431314NewHampshire

2355443222343335332Iowa

2445343212243333313Oregon

2535353221544423424Illinois

2615342211233344232Pennsylvania

2744122322344533314Wisconsin

2811535112443114145Iowa

29

30

31

32

sum7510386104736741567511486957296845583

sum/non92.83.83.13.72.82.61.52.02.74.13.13.42.83.43.12.03.3

stdev1.281.361.461.151.341.450.841.051.221.021.051.071.101.351.361.231.60stdev

avg2.683.683.073.712.612.391.462.002.684.073.073.392.573.433.001.962.961.39

5 top priority2107934013112417415

4473721012117928638

3136981275612413111571054

223335849513262346

161614618116132244152

unable to rank11002210000020103

sum2828282828282828282828282828282828

jbdnlqokceamifhpg

j. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationd. rural under- and un-employmentn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)l. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionq. land stewards not rewarded by mkto. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)e. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)a. poverty among rural farmersm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutef. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)h. higher rural cost-of-livingp. monocrop externalitiesg. idle farm land

avg*4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185

SD1.01574900041.36228488421.15010926561.34518541831.0659471781.59819673511.36082763491.05157981431.46385010941.34272486121.27812279681.10314605421.21879027541.44886381321.05409255341.2317450090.8380817098

housing or infrastructurenon-farm povertyunemploymentenvironmentincome distributionstewardshipnot rewardeddis-enfranchisementsocial problemsrural depopulationvacant propertyfarm povertybustscommuteabsentees or gentrificationhigh cost-of-livingmonocrop externalitiesidle farm land

+2SD6.10292657226.53938458336.01450424546.11894226515.52475149886.51639347035.83276638095.17458825.99912879035.49314203015.33402337134.97552287775.11615197945.47465070334.10818510684.42777573233.1946819382

-2SD2.03993057071.09024504631.41406718310.7382005921.26096278690.12360652970.38945584140.96826894290.14372835260.12224258530.22153218430.56293866080.2409908777-0.3208045495-0.1081851068-0.4992043037-0.1576449012

US ave4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185

jbdnlqockeamifhpg

US ave4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185

EU ave2.96551724142.43333333333.36666666673.32258064522.33333333333.714285714332.81481481481.9629629632.42857142862.522.55172413792.03846153851.777777777832.8518518519

housing or infrastructurenon-farm povertyunemploymentenvironmentincome distributionstewardship not rewardeddis-enfranchisementsocial problemsrural depopulationvacant propertyfarm povertybustscommuteabsentees or gentrificationhigh cost-of-livingmonocrop externalitiesidle farm land

US4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185

EU2.96551724142.43333333333.36666666673.32258064522.33333333333.714285714332.81481481481.9629629632.42857142862.522.55172413792.03846153851.777777777832.8518518519

stewardship not rewardedunemploymentenvironmentdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitieshousing or infrastructureidle farm landsocial problemscommutefarm povertynon-farm povertyvacant propertyincome distributionabsentees or gentrificationbustsrural depopulationhigh cost-of-living

US3.323.71428571433.42857142863.11111111111.96428571434.07142857141.51851851853.07142857142.67857142862.77777777783.81481481482.80769230773.39285714292.57692307692.76923076923.07142857142

EU3.71428571433.36666666673.3225806452332.96551724142.85185185192.81481481482.55172413792.52.43333333332.42857142862.33333333332.038461538521.9629629631.7777777778

raw data

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+2SD

-2SD

US ave

EU ave

rank

What are the Problems?

survey summary

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US

EU

Rural development problems

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survey numberregionWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?

abcdefghij

quality of Life >= 4sortedcbgrdeqtfjovhislmakpuwn

leadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationupgrade infrastructuresubsidize rural social servicesregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizesubsidize housingmanufacturing incentivessubsidize transportationzoning, parksgeo-labelingminimum wagefarm supporttourism incentivesprevent out-migrationsubsidize non-basicpromote in-migrationregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencyfarm supporthuman capital investmentleadership developmentsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructuredecentralizetelecommunicationssubsidize transportationzoning, parksmanufacturing incentivessubsidize non-basictourism incentivesprevent out-migrationpromote in-migrationsubsidize housingregulate against absenteeregulate environmental qualityenvironmental ameliorationgeo-labelingpromote exportsprotectionismminimum wagecommon currencyleadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructureregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizemanufacturing incentivessubsidize housingminimum wagesubsidize transportationzoning, parksgeo-labelingtourism incentivesprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencypromote in-migration

cbgredqtfojhisvalmknpuwabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwquality of life92%84%80%76%64%68%60%48%44%32%36%20%24%24%20%16%16%16%12%4%4%4%8%

6Rhode Island, USA1245323345344354343212324332221322quality of life16%84%92%64%68%44%80%24%24%32%12%16%16%8%36%4%60%76%20%48%4%20%4%full employment87%87%74%70%61%57%57%48%43%35%30%26%30%17%17%17%13%9%4%4%4%0%0%

9New Jersey1515113344355544435422229333919939full employment9%87%87%61%57%43%74%30%17%35%4%17%13%0%30%4%57%70%17%48%4%26%0%environment94%88%76%71%53%53%59%47%53%35%35%35%24%29%29%18%18%12%6%6%6%6%0%

14NoEast1535434435155494499344321333432911environment12%88%94%53%53%53%76%24%29%35%6%18%18%0%35%6%59%71%29%47%6%35%6%average91%86%77%72%59%59%58%48%47%34%34%27%26%24%22%17%16%12%7%5%5%3%3%

18NewHampshire1235433455455544343432344143232232average12%86%91%59%59%47%77%26%24%34%7%17%16%3%34%5%58%72%22%48%5%27%3%

5Kansas2535329335155343444331152412111119

8Missouri2315133424245425444443332113321114

23Iowa2435322343335344454342333933122333

25Illinois2545222243355344434233433213322229

27Wisconsin2435224533255344343421322322222219

28Iowa2335315533243444452434342133345111

3SoCentral USA3435329423143433233231333123311119

15MidAtlantic3315225322255433414353423143545313

16Arkansas3525312535155544344143443413232119

19Tennessee3535222344244444443434443324443333

10Wyoming4435333455555454353334343414432113

17Idaho4515333535153553535535533311331551

20Utah4445214321245424314333323113332222

11Pennsylvania1514319933145444444433333344232119

22NewHampshire1534323244445443324423124122131311

26Pennsylvania1424222535155443452341232412222329

1Indiana2524311323455444452244332123222119

4NoCentral USA2534433244335443433433333144223212

13Virginia3524424344352445441344331413222219

7Colorado4544212434245432235344134132322111

24Oregon4534113333145544542431534921211129

92%84%80%76%68%64%60%48%44%36%32%24%24%20%20%16%16%16%12%8%4%4%4%

full employment >=4

Effective Strategies?human capital investmentleadership developmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructureregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizemanufacturing incentivessubsidize transportationsubsidize housingminimum wagezoning, parkstourism incentivesgeo-labelingprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismpromote in-migrationcommon currency

bcgrdeqtfjhovilsmakpunw

9New Jersey1515113344355544435422232399319399

11Pennsylvania1514319933154444444433333432431129

12Idaho1533533435344333343434343333333239

14NoEast1535434435155494499343432314339121

21USA1513211234354322314421212241121122

22NewHampshire1534323244454443324431212241233111

1Indiana2524311323455444452243413322221129

4NoCentral USA2534433244353444333433313432422132

5Kansas2535329335155344344311345221111119

25Illinois2545222243355344434234323333122229

2southern USA3513222312153434343345393323332139

13Virginia3524424344325444541343443312122129

16Arkansas3525312535155543444134444332131129

19Tennessee3535222344244444443444334434243333

7Colorado4544212434254432235341413243321121

17Idaho4515333535135555335555333133135511

24Oregon4534113333154545442415393142211219

26Pennsylvania1424222535155444352312443222123229

23Iowa2435322343353344454323493331323323

27Wisconsin2435224533255343443413232222222129

3SoCentral USA3435329423134432333213313333211119

10Wyoming4435333455555453453343344434131123

20Utah4445214321254423414333312333132222

87%87%74%70%61%57%57%48%43%35%30%30%26%17%17%17%13%9%4%4%4%0%0%

environment >=4

leadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationregulate environmental qualitysubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructuredecentralizepromote exportsmanufacturing incentivessubsidize housingminimum wagezoning, parksgeo-labelingsubsidize transportationtourism incentivesprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencypromote in-migration

cbgrqdeftjovishlmakpuwn

6Rhode Island, USA1245323345344354342321324322323221

12Idaho1533533435344334334333433433333293

14NoEast1535434435155499443944321334339112

18NewHampshire1235433455455544344323144332432322

26Pennsylvania1424222535155445433214432222123292

5Kansas2535329335155344433413452121111191

16Arkansas3525312535155544341434443432131192

10Wyoming4435333455555455343343443344131132

17Idaho4515333535153553535553333513135511

9New Jersey1515113344355543444522329239319399

21USA1513211234345321234422124121121122

22NewHampshire1534323244445442334432124121233111

4NoCentral USA2534433244335443434333133342422123

8Missouri2315133424245424454434132333121141

13Virginia3524424344352444453144431332122192

19Tennessee3535222344244444444343343444243333

7Colorado4544212434245433223544134123321112

94%88%76%71%59%53%53%53%47%35%35%35%29%29%24%18%18%12%6%6%6%6%0%

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

environment

quality of life

full employment

Strategies (USA)by objective, % ranked >=4

survey numberregionWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?a. support farm prices or incomesb. invest in rural human capital (education)c. develop local citizenship/leadershipd. subsidize rural social servicese. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureh. subsidize human or commercial transportationi. area use designations, zoning, parksj. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingk. for rural non-basicl. incentives for tourism developmentm. prevent out-migrationn. promote in-migrationo. subsidize rural housingp. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyq. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityr. rural environmental ameliorations. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productst. rural product export promotionu. protectionismv. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagew. common currency (Euro)

abcdefghijabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw

6Rhode Island, USA1245323345334434233222221134543232

9New Jersey1515113344335544452221399293495339

11Pennsylvania1514319933145444443333422314434139

12Idaho1533533435334433434333333334333249

14NoEast1535434435135544343243342499919131

18NewHampshire1235433455445534453423322324443312

21USA1513211234315423431222212211244112

22NewHampshire1534323244425433441233211232444111

26Pennsylvania1424222535115543342312222435422249

1Indiana2524311323425544243342322415422119

4NoCentral USA2534433244345343443332423323433112

5Kansas2535329335115543331511211314424149

8Missouri2315133424215445443332331414224114

23Iowa2435322343335344333322312435434393

25Illinois2545222243315544234332332323434229

27Wisconsin2435224533225534433212222224423139

28Iowa2335315533233444443444335315422111

2southern USA3513222312135343345343333324323199

3SoCentral USA3435329423123423243311331313333119

13Virginia3524424344312545343342322424411149

15MidAtlantic3315225322245543344234355531334113

16Arkansas3525312535115534154433322414434149

19Tennessee3535222344224444444444443334433333

7Colorado4544212434235422341342232413345111

10Wyoming4435333455515534343443442315533143

17Idaho4515333535113553555353131353535531

20Utah4445214321215434343233332321234212

24Oregon4534113333125454455311121314442299

29

30

31

32

4-5 priority/totalabcdefghij

full employmentfull occupancyquality of lifeincome equalityequal population growthequal political powersocial equitybeautiful landscapeenvironment and biodiversitypreserved traditions

9NoEast78%11%78%33%0%11%44%44%89%22%

8Midwest75%13%100%13%0%25%38%38%38%13%

6South67%0%67%17%0%33%33%33%50%0%

5West100%40%100%0%0%20%60%20%60%20%

28USA82%14%89%18%0%21%43%36%61%14%

32EU53%22%59%22%13%28%50%47%63%28%

sortedquality of lifefull employmentenvironment and biodiversitysocial equitybeautiful landscapeequal political powerincome equalityfull occupancypreserved traditionsequal population growth

9NoEast78%78%89%44%44%11%33%11%22%0%

8Midwest100%75%38%38%38%25%13%13%13%0%

6South67%67%50%33%33%33%17%0%0%0%

5West100%100%60%60%20%20%0%40%20%0%

28USA89%82%61%43%36%21%18%14%14%0%

32EU59%53%63%50%47%28%22%22%28%13%

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

NoEast

Midwest

South

West

USA

Rural Development Objectives% ranked 4 or 5

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

USA

EU


111111112222222222222222333333333334444444444444444444444445555555556i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii77777777777

survey numberWho should benefit most?a. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)What are our rural development problems?a. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?a. support farm prices or incomesb. invest in rural human capital (education)c. develop local citizenship/leadershipd. subsidize rural social servicese. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureh. subsidize human or commercial transportationi. area use designations, zoning, parksj. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingk. for rural non-basicl. incentives for tourism developmentm. prevent out-migrationn. promote in-migrationo. subsidize rural housingp. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyq. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityr. rural environmental ameliorations. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productst. rural product export promotionu. protectionismv. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagew. common currency (Euro)Criteria for budgetary allocations across locations and/or groups?a. historical sharesb. land area sharesc. GDP sharesd. populatione. means tested (i.e. according to need)f. outcomes based (i.e. highest payoff)g. magnitude of local match or self-helph. case-by-case basisWho is best at diagnosinga. rural citizensb. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)c. local development organizationsd. regional or national development agenciese. national government administrations or bureaucratsg. universities and their facultyh. city and/or regional plannersi. business-agency partnershipsj. private consultantsk. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)l. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)Who is best at delivering solutions?a. rural citizensb. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)c. local development organizationsd. regional or national development agenciese. national government administrations or bureaucratsg. universities and their facultyh. city and/or regional plannersi. business-agency partnershipsj. private consultantsk. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)l. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)information sourcesa. popular press (e.g. newspapers, television)b. world wide webc. newsletters from farmer organizationsd.publications by local/regional development agencies and institutese. nonacademic literature by specialists or practitionersf. scholarly research (journal articles and books by academics)g. national agricultural research institutes (USDA, INRA, etc)h.CENSUSi. OECDj. EUnationalityagehighest degtitlepolicyenvirmktgintlfarm mngmtrural devother

regionabcdefgabcdefghijklmnopqabcdefghijabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghabcdeghijklabcdeghijklabcdefghij

1Indiana24552512123411111411131125243113234255442433423224154221191115542454333333333333222332333319333599Indiana51321

2southern USA345133293515311`15533313195132223121353433453433333243231993113553334333443343333334433434434444444southern USA543211

3SoCentral USA32545312354493125545215134353294231234232433113313133331199112531333454544434222313232233434449999SoCentral USA333211

4NoCentral USA23214155335443123212321245344332443453434433324233234331122212444333433334434444334444443333444499NoCentral USA5532111

5Kansas22442322135354111543352225353293351155433315112113144241491124553333344554333434333443345594444499Kansas45321

6Rhode Island, USA14343435991232111312354332453233453344342332222211345432322332434443433443324234343342234333433333Rhode Island, USA5432111

7Colorado43443335343523132434335425442124342354223413422324133451112431445111352534132112232244442435332499Colorado323211

8Missouri24533429343331121533243143151334242154454433323314142241142223453334343434322233324452224534545554Missouri513211

9New Jersey13142155343515153134354155151133443355444522213992934953391234553554321435435123451231422543355429New Jersey45321

10Wyoming43442335153323333553553154353334555155343434434423155331431431435444223442355312234423554313552522Wyoming46321

11Pennsylvania14329591131339133533359195143199331454444433334223144341393333333354332434333333323231333933555449Pennsylvania56321

12Idaho13333335333333333444343335335334353344334343333333343332492333443233333333333555444434334423344539Idaho53321

13Virginia34559994555553313535933195244243443125453433423224244111499334532133322433333223332132442313344549Virginia633211

14NoEast14554422455599143444944115354344351355443432433424999191319911594355523449934344434499344534544499NoEast38311111

15MidAtlantic34443513235131113523314123152253222455433442343555313341133133354333344444433333333433343334444333MidAtlantic593111

16Arkansas33533431341515132543242445253125351155341544333224144341491112345233444434233435113241441514423599Arkansas523211

17Idaho45453333355535131555355555153335351135535553531313535355311135555335332334254353322352344333442339Idaho613211

18NewHampshire15433333422222313434244252354334554455344534233223244433124433453543433333343334323332444344333533NewHampshire683211

19Tennessee33555523342432223533243145352223442244444444444433344333332123444433443544433223333343434534434499Tennessee483211

20Utah43432315334542121324425344452143212154343432333323212342122243554344322433332342332242322323344499Utah603211

21USA13533323342311114324331115132112343154234312222122112441121223552153331332113333325321133344542555USA662211


23Iowa24555443554432223433353324353223433353443333223124354343932223523344333443343443334443433534544522Iowa503211

24Oregon43544421453432122433333135341133331254544553111213144422993125432344344543432953343393323534345599Oregon58321

25Illinois21354322353532215444234245452222433155442343323323234342291134554332322322132233333342434433344399Illinois59321


27Wisconsin23443325441223223445333144352245332255344332122222244231392122454353433444254434234442444314444599Wisconsin41321

28Iowa23433534115351124431141453353155332334444434443353154221112122455343433334445455332352354592244599Iowa47321

290

300

310

320

0

0

Ancona Survey summary tabulation form

lowest priorityhighestunable to rank

1Who should benefit most?123459

1a. farmersa

1b. rural poorb

1c. rural non-farm business or industryc

1d. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)d

1e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)e

1f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsf

1g. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)g

1h. otherh

leastmixedmost signif problem

2What are our rural development problems?123459

2a. poverty among rural farmersa

2b. poverty among the rural non-farm populationb

2c. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)c

2d. rural under- and un-employmentd

2e. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)e

2f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)f

2g. idle farm landg

2h. higher rural cost-of-livingh

2i. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutei

2j. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesj

2k. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highk

2l. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionl

2m. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongm

2n. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)n

2o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationo

p. monocrop externalitiesp

q. land stewards not rewarded by mktq

r. otherr


3What are the objectives?123459

3a. full employment of rural labora

3b. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landb

3c. high quality rural community lifec

3d. equal rural and urban incomesd

3e. equal rural and urban population growth ratese

3f. equal rural and urban political powerf

3g. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)g

3h. beautiful rural landscapeh

3i. high quality rural environment and biodiversityi

3j. preserved traditional rural occupationsj

counterproductivewastemixedfaireffectiveunable to rank

4Effective Strategies?123459

4a. support farm prices or incomesa

4b. invest in rural human capital (education)b

4c. develop local citizenship/leadershipc

4d. subsidize rural social servicesd

4e. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)e

4f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)f

4g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureg

4h. subsidize human or commercial transportationh

4i. area use designations, zoning, parksi

4j. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingj

4k. incentives for rural non-basic activities (e.g. cafs, retail shops)k

4l. incentives for tourism developmentl

4m. incentives to prevent rural out-migrationm

4n. incentives for urban residents to move to rural communitiesn

4o. subsidize rural housingo

4p. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyp

4q. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityq

4r. reforestation or other rural environmental amelioration projectsr

4s. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productss

4t. rural product export promotiont

4u. protectionism against importsu

4v. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagev

4w. common currency (Euro)w

worstbestunable to rank

5Criteria for budgetary allocations across locations and/or groups?123459

5a. historical sharesa

5b. land area sharesb

5c. GDP sharesc

5d. populationd

5e. means tested (i.e. according to need)e

5f. outcomes based (i.e. highest payoff)f

5g. magnitude of local match or self-helpg

5h. case-by-case basish

no abilitypoormixedgoodexcellentunable to rank

6iWho is best at diagnosing123459

6ia. rural citizensa

6ib. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)b

6ic. local development organizationsc

6id. regional or national development agenciesd

6ie. national government administrations or bureaucratse

6if. European Community project personnelf

6ig. universities and their facultyg

6ih. city and/or regional plannersh

6ii. business-agency partnershipsi

6ij. private consultantsj

6ik. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)k

6il. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)l


6iiWho is best at delivering solutions?123459

6iia. rural citizensa

6iib. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)b

6iic. local development organizationsc

6iid. regional or national development agenciesd

6iie. national government administrations or bureaucratse

6iif. European Community project personnelf

6iig. universities and their facultyg

6iih. city and/or regional plannersh

6iii. business-agency partnershipsi

6iij. private consultantsj

6iik. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)k

6iil. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)l

wrongwastemixedinformativevery usefulunable to rank

7information sources

7a. popular press (e.g. newspapers, television)a

7b. world wide webb

7c. newsletters from farmer organizationsc

7d.publications by local/regional development agencies and institutesd

7e. nonacademic literature by European specialists or practitionerse

7f. scholarly research (journal articles and books by academics)f

7g. national agricultural research institutes (USDA, INRA, etc)g

7h. Eurostath

7i. OECDi

7j. EUj

USAs Priority: rural poor and non-farm enterpriseover farmers, consumers, or environmentalists

Chart2

0.750.40625

0.60714285710.375

0.42857142860.53125

0.42857142860.4375

0.35714285710.34375

0.250.25

0.10714285710.1875

USA

EU

% respondents ranking group most or second most important

1. Who

Who should benefit most?share of sumsum shares

survey numbercount >= maxmaxa. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)suma. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)

abcdefgabcdefg

13545525122417%21%21%8%21%4%8%

21545133201822%28%6%17%17%11%0%

3252545312229%23%18%23%14%5%9%

42532141552114%10%5%19%5%24%24%

52424423221911%21%21%11%16%11%11%

61543434352615%12%15%12%15%12%19%

71534433352512%16%16%12%12%12%20%

81545334202119%24%14%14%19%10%0%

92531421552114%5%19%10%5%24%24%

101534423352413%17%17%8%13%13%21%

111543205011527%20%13%0%33%0%7%

121533333352313%13%13%13%13%13%22%

132545500041822%28%28%0%0%0%22%

142545544222615%19%19%15%15%8%8%

151544435132417%17%17%13%21%4%13%

161535334312214%23%14%14%18%14%5%

172554533332619%15%19%12%12%12%12%

181554333332421%17%13%13%13%13%13%

194535555232811%18%18%18%18%7%11%

201534323152114%19%14%10%14%5%24%

211535333232214%23%14%14%14%9%14%

221553422211926%16%21%11%11%11%5%

233545554433013%17%17%17%13%13%10%

241535444212313%22%17%17%17%9%4%

25151354322205%15%25%20%15%10%10%

262525325312110%24%14%10%24%14%5%

271534433252413%17%17%13%13%8%21%

281534335342512%16%12%12%20%12%16%

2900

3000

3100

3200

sum9411410381946581

sum/non93.44.13.73.13.52.53.1

stdev0.951.051.121.231.281.221.69stdev0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

avg3.364.073.682.893.362.322.891.33farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens

5 top priority3127362811%43%25%11%21%7%29%

49910461232%32%36%14%21%4%7%

3125812129643%18%29%43%43%32%21%

23117110511%4%4%25%4%36%18%

111202454%4%7%0%7%14%18%

unable to rank00021220%0%0%7%4%7%7%

sum28282828282828sorted:

rural poorall citizensnon-farm enterprisesimmobilefarmersmobile citizensenvironmentalists

percent ranking >=45 top priority43%29%25%21%11%11%7%

farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens432%7%36%21%32%14%4%

USA43%75%61%25%43%11%36%318%21%29%43%43%43%32%

EU53%41%38%25%44%19%34%24%18%4%4%11%25%36%

sorted1 lowest priority4%18%7%7%4%14%

rural poornon-farm enterprisesfarmersimmobile citizensall citizens equallymobile rural citizensenvironmental interestsunable to rank7%4%7%7%

USA75%61%43%43%36%25%11%

EU41%38%53%44%34%25%19%

rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobile citizensfarmersall citizensmobile citizensenvironmentalists

average*4.13.73.53.43.13.12.5

SD1.11.11.31.01.71.21.2

2SD2.12.22.61.93.42.52.4

rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobilefarmersall citizensmobile citizensenvironmentalists

+2SD6.25.96.05.36.55.64.9

-2SD2.01.40.91.5-0.30.70.1

average4.13.73.53.43.13.12.5

EAEA results:rural poornon-farm enterprisesimmobile citizensfarmersall citizens equallymobile citizensenvironmentalists

EAAE3.55555555563.46153846153.37037037043.65384615383.30434782612.882.7727272727

farmersrural poornon-farm enterprisesmobile citizensimmobileenvironmentalistsall citizens

CENET&NE1629411410381946581

EAAE95969072916176

1. Who

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

5 top priority

4

3

2

1 lowest priority

unable to rank

Priority in Rural Development CENET & NE-162 responses August, 2001

regional problems

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

+2SD

-2SD

average

increasing rank

Priority in Rural Development

2. Problem

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

EAAE

CENET&NE162

Priority Group

4. strategies

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

USA

EU

Priority Group In Rural Development% ranked 4 or 5

3.Objectives


survey numbera. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktregion

abcdefghijklmnopqsurvey#region

6001232111312354331Rhode Island, USA12

9343515153134354151New Jersey23

11131330133533350101Pennsylvania33

12333333333444343331Idaho42

14455500143444044111NoEast52

18422222313434244251NewHampshire61

21342311114324331111USA74

22221335312434313141NewHampshire82

26153422112333442321Pennsylvania91

1123411111411131122Indiana104

4335443123212321242NoCentral USA111

5135354111543352222Kansas121

8343331121533243142Missouri133

23554432223433353322Iowa141

25353532215444234242Illinois153

27441223223445333142Wisconsin163

28115351124431141452Iowa174

2351531015533313103southern USA181

3354403125545215133SoCentral USA193

13555553313535033103Virginia204

15235131113523314123MidAtlantic211

16341515132543242443Arkansas221

19342432223533243143Tennessee232

7343523132434335424Colorado244

10153323333553553154Wyoming252

17355535131555355554Idaho261

20334542121324425344Utah272

24453432122433333134Oregon282

2929

3030

3131

3232

4-5 priority/total non-9

housing or infrastructurestewardship not rewardednon-farm povertysocial problemsunemploymentenvironmentvacant propertyrural depopulationfarm povertycommuteincome distributionabsentees or gentrificationdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitiesidle farm landhigh cost-of-livingbiz cycles

NoEast56%33%44%11%33%78%0%22%22%11%67%22%44%0%0%22%11%9

Midwest88%63%50%50%50%50%38%38%25%25%25%13%13%13%0%0%0%8

South100%33%83%50%83%33%17%33%17%33%33%17%33%17%0%0%0%6

West80%60%80%40%80%40%20%40%20%0%60%20%60%40%0%0%40%5

28

abcdefghijklmnopq

farm povertynon-farm povertysocial problemsunemploymentvacant propertyabsentees or gentrificationidle farm landhigh cost-of-livingcommutehousing or infrastructurerural depopulationincome distributionbustsenvironmentdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitiesstewardshipnot rewarded

NoEast22%44%11%33%0%22%0%22%11%56%22%67%11%78%44%0%33%9

Midwest25%50%50%50%38%13%0%0%25%88%38%25%0%50%13%13%63%8

South17%83%50%83%17%17%0%0%33%100%33%33%0%33%33%17%33%6

West20%80%40%80%20%20%0%0%0%80%40%60%40%40%60%40%60%5

3.Objectives

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

NoEast

South

West

Midwest

Regional Rural Development Problems% of respondents indicating 4-5

raw data


survey numbera. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktregionagehighest degtitlepolicyenvirmktgintlfarm mngmtrural devother

abcdefghijklmnopq

112341111141113112Indiana

235153101553331310southern USA

335440312554521513SoCentral USA

433544312321232124NoCentral USA

513535411154335222Kansas

600123211131235433Rhode Island, USA

734352313243433542Colorado

834333112153324314Missouri

934351515313435415New Jersey

1015332333355355315Wyoming

1113133013353335010Pennsylvania

1233333333344434333Idaho

1355555331353503310Virginia

1445550014344404411NoEast

1523513111352331412MidAtlantic

1634151513254324244Arkansas

1735553513155535555Idaho

1842222231343424425NewHampshire

1934243222353324314Tennessee

2033454212132442534Utah

2134231111432433111USA

2222133531243431314NewHampshire

2355443222343335332Iowa

2445343212243333313Oregon

2535353221544423424Illinois

2615342211233344232Pennsylvania

2744122322344533314Wisconsin

2811535112443114145Iowa

29

30

31

32

sum7510386104736741567511486957296845583

sum/non92.83.83.13.72.82.61.52.02.74.13.13.42.83.43.12.03.3

stdev1.281.361.461.151.341.450.841.051.221.021.051.071.101.351.361.231.60stdev

avg2.683.683.073.712.612.391.462.002.684.073.073.392.573.433.001.962.961.39

5 top priority2107934013112417415

4473721012117928638

3136981275612413111571054

223335849513262346

161614618116132244152

unable to rank11002210000020103

sum2828282828282828282828282828282828

jbdnlqokceamifhpg

j. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationd. rural under- and un-employmentn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)l. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionq. land stewards not rewarded by mkto. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)e. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)a. poverty among rural farmersm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutef. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)h. higher rural cost-of-livingp. monocrop externalitiesg. idle farm land

avg*4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185

SD1.01574900041.36228488421.15010926561.34518541831.0659471781.59819673511.36082763491.05157981431.46385010941.34272486121.27812279681.10314605421.21879027541.44886381321.05409255341.2317450090.8380817098

housing or infrastructurenon-farm povertyunemploymentenvironmentincome distributionstewardshipnot rewardeddis-enfranchisementsocial problemsrural depopulationvacant propertyfarm povertybustscommuteabsentees or gentrificationhigh cost-of-livingmonocrop externalitiesidle farm land

+2SD6.10292657226.53938458336.01450424546.11894226515.52475149886.51639347035.83276638095.17458825.99912879035.49314203015.33402337134.97552287775.11615197945.47465070334.10818510684.42777573233.1946819382

-2SD2.03993057071.09024504631.41406718310.7382005921.26096278690.12360652970.38945584140.96826894290.14372835260.12224258530.22153218430.56293866080.2409908777-0.3208045495-0.1081851068-0.4992043037-0.1576449012

US ave4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185

jbdnlqockeamifhpg

US ave4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185

EU ave2.96551724142.43333333333.36666666673.32258064522.33333333333.714285714332.81481481481.9629629632.42857142862.522.55172413792.03846153851.777777777832.8518518519

housing or infrastructurenon-farm povertyunemploymentenvironmentincome distributionstewardship not rewardeddis-enfranchisementsocial problemsrural depopulationvacant propertyfarm povertybustscommuteabsentees or gentrificationhigh cost-of-livingmonocrop externalitiesidle farm land

US4.07142857143.81481481483.71428571433.42857142863.39285714293.323.11111111113.07142857143.07142857142.80769230772.77777777782.76923076922.67857142862.576923076921.96428571431.5185185185

EU2.96551724142.43333333333.36666666673.32258064522.33333333333.714285714332.81481481481.9629629632.42857142862.522.55172413792.03846153851.777777777832.8518518519

stewardship not rewardedunemploymentenvironmentdis-enfranchisementmonocrop externalitieshousing or infrastructureidle farm landsocial problemscommutefarm povertynon-farm povertyvacant propertyincome distributionabsentees or gentrificationbustsrural depopulationhigh cost-of-living

US3.323.71428571433.42857142863.11111111111.96428571434.07142857141.51851851853.07142857142.67857142862.77777777783.81481481482.80769230773.39285714292.57692307692.76923076923.07142857142

EU3.71428571433.36666666673.3225806452332.96551724142.85185185192.81481481482.55172413792.52.43333333332.42857142862.33333333332.038461538521.9629629631.7777777778

raw data

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

+2SD

-2SD

US ave

EU ave

rank

What are the Problems?

survey summary

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

US

EU


00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

US

EU


survey numberregionWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?

abcdefghij

quality of Life >= 4sortedcbgrdeqtfjovhislmakpuwn

leadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationupgrade infrastructuresubsidize rural social servicesregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizesubsidize housingmanufacturing incentivessubsidize transportationzoning, parksgeo-labelingminimum wagefarm supporttourism incentivesprevent out-migrationsubsidize non-basicpromote in-migrationregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencyfarm supporthuman capital investmentleadership developmentsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructuredecentralizetelecommunicationssubsidize transportationzoning, parksmanufacturing incentivessubsidize non-basictourism incentivesprevent out-migrationpromote in-migrationsubsidize housingregulate against absenteeregulate environmental qualityenvironmental ameliorationgeo-labelingpromote exportsprotectionismminimum wagecommon currencyleadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructureregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizemanufacturing incentivessubsidize housingminimum wagesubsidize transportationzoning, parksgeo-labelingtourism incentivesprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencypromote in-migration

cbgredqtfojhisvalmknpuwabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwquality of life92%84%80%76%64%68%60%48%44%32%36%20%24%24%20%16%16%16%12%4%4%4%8%

6Rhode Island, USA1245323345344354343212324332221322quality of life16%84%92%64%68%44%80%24%24%32%12%16%16%8%36%4%60%76%20%48%4%20%4%full employment87%87%74%70%61%57%57%48%43%35%30%26%30%17%17%17%13%9%4%4%4%0%0%

9New Jersey1515113344355544435422229333919939full employment9%87%87%61%57%43%74%30%17%35%4%17%13%0%30%4%57%70%17%48%4%26%0%environment94%88%76%71%53%53%59%47%53%35%35%35%24%29%29%18%18%12%6%6%6%6%0%

14NoEast1535434435155494499344321333432911environment12%88%94%53%53%53%76%24%29%35%6%18%18%0%35%6%59%71%29%47%6%35%6%average91%86%77%72%59%59%58%48%47%34%34%27%26%24%22%17%16%12%7%5%5%3%3%

18NewHampshire1235433455455544343432344143232232average12%86%91%59%59%47%77%26%24%34%7%17%16%3%34%5%58%72%22%48%5%27%3%

5Kansas2535329335155343444331152412111119

8Missouri2315133424245425444443332113321114

23Iowa2435322343335344454342333933122333

25Illinois2545222243355344434233433213322229

27Wisconsin2435224533255344343421322322222219

28Iowa2335315533243444452434342133345111

3SoCentral USA3435329423143433233231333123311119

15MidAtlantic3315225322255433414353423143545313

16Arkansas3525312535155544344143443413232119

19Tennessee3535222344244444443434443324443333

10Wyoming4435333455555454353334343414432113

17Idaho4515333535153553535535533311331551

20Utah4445214321245424314333323113332222

11Pennsylvania1514319933145444444433333344232119

22NewHampshire1534323244445443324423124122131311

26Pennsylvania1424222535155443452341232412222329

1Indiana2524311323455444452244332123222119

4NoCentral USA2534433244335443433433333144223212

13Virginia3524424344352445441344331413222219

7Colorado4544212434245432235344134132322111

24Oregon4534113333145544542431534921211129

92%84%80%76%68%64%60%48%44%36%32%24%24%20%20%16%16%16%12%8%4%4%4%

full employment >=4

Effective Strategies?human capital investmentleadership developmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationsubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructureregulate environmental qualitypromote exportsdecentralizemanufacturing incentivessubsidize transportationsubsidize housingminimum wagezoning, parkstourism incentivesgeo-labelingprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismpromote in-migrationcommon currency

bcgrdeqtfjhovilsmakpunw

9New Jersey1515113344355544435422232399319399

11Pennsylvania1514319933154444444433333432431129

12Idaho1533533435344333343434343333333239

14NoEast1535434435155494499343432314339121

21USA1513211234354322314421212241121122

22NewHampshire1534323244454443324431212241233111

1Indiana2524311323455444452243413322221129

4NoCentral USA2534433244353444333433313432422132

5Kansas2535329335155344344311345221111119

25Illinois2545222243355344434234323333122229

2southern USA3513222312153434343345393323332139

13Virginia3524424344325444541343443312122129

16Arkansas3525312535155543444134444332131129

19Tennessee3535222344244444443444334434243333

7Colorado4544212434254432235341413243321121

17Idaho4515333535135555335555333133135511

24Oregon4534113333154545442415393142211219

26Pennsylvania1424222535155444352312443222123229

23Iowa2435322343353344454323493331323323

27Wisconsin2435224533255343443413232222222129

3SoCentral USA3435329423134432333213313333211119

10Wyoming4435333455555453453343344434131123

20Utah4445214321254423414333312333132222

87%87%74%70%61%57%57%48%43%35%30%30%26%17%17%17%13%9%4%4%4%0%0%

environment >=4

leadership developmenthuman capital investmenttelecommunicationsenvironmental ameliorationregulate environmental qualitysubsidize rural social servicesupgrade infrastructuredecentralizepromote exportsmanufacturing incentivessubsidize housingminimum wagezoning, parksgeo-labelingsubsidize transportationtourism incentivesprevent out-migrationfarm supportsubsidize non-basicregulate against absenteeprotectionismcommon currencypromote in-migration

cbgrqdeftjovishlmakpuwn

6Rhode Island, USA1245323345344354342321324322323221

12Idaho1533533435344334334333433433333293

14NoEast1535434435155499443944321334339112

18NewHampshire1235433455455544344323144332432322

26Pennsylvania1424222535155445433214432222123292

5Kansas2535329335155344433413452121111191

16Arkansas3525312535155544341434443432131192

10Wyoming4435333455555455343343443344131132

17Idaho4515333535153553535553333513135511

9New Jersey1515113344355543444522329239319399

21USA1513211234345321234422124121121122

22NewHampshire1534323244445442334432124121233111

4NoCentral USA2534433244335443434333133342422123

8Missouri2315133424245424454434132333121141

13Virginia3524424344352444453144431332122192

19Tennessee3535222344244444444343343444243333

7Colorado4544212434245433223544134123321112

94%88%76%71%59%53%53%53%47%35%35%35%29%29%24%18%18%12%6%6%6%6%0%

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

environment

quality of life

full employment

Strategies (USA)by objective, % ranked >=4

survey numberregionWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?a. support farm prices or incomesb. invest in rural human capital (education)c. develop local citizenship/leadershipd. subsidize rural social servicese. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureh. subsidize human or commercial transportationi. area use designations, zoning, parksj. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingk. for rural non-basicl. incentives for tourism developmentm. prevent out-migrationn. promote in-migrationo. subsidize rural housingp. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyq. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityr. rural environmental ameliorations. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productst. rural product export promotionu. protectionismv. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagew. common currency (Euro)

abcdefghijabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw

6Rhode Island, USA1245323345334434233222221134543232

9New Jersey1515113344335544452221399293495339

11Pennsylvania1514319933145444443333422314434139

12Idaho1533533435334433434333333334333249

14NoEast1535434435135544343243342499919131

18NewHampshire1235433455445534453423322324443312

21USA1513211234315423431222212211244112

22NewHampshire1534323244425433441233211232444111

26Pennsylvania1424222535115543342312222435422249

1Indiana2524311323425544243342322415422119

4NoCentral USA2534433244345343443332423323433112

5Kansas2535329335115543331511211314424149

8Missouri2315133424215445443332331414224114

23Iowa2435322343335344333322312435434393

25Illinois2545222243315544234332332323434229

27Wisconsin2435224533225534433212222224423139

28Iowa2335315533233444443444335315422111

2southern USA3513222312135343345343333324323199

3SoCentral USA3435329423123423243311331313333119

13Virginia3524424344312545343342322424411149

15MidAtlantic3315225322245543344234355531334113

16Arkansas3525312535115534154433322414434149

19Tennessee3535222344224444444444443334433333

7Colorado4544212434235422341342232413345111

10Wyoming4435333455515534343443442315533143

17Idaho4515333535113553555353131353535531

20Utah4445214321215434343233332321234212

24Oregon4534113333125454455311121314442299

29

30

31

32

4-5 priority/totalabcdefghij

full employmentfull occupancyquality of lifeincome equalityequal population growthequal political powersocial equitybeautiful landscapeenvironment and biodiversitypreserved traditions

9NoEast78%11%78%33%0%11%44%44%89%22%

8Midwest75%13%100%13%0%25%38%38%38%13%

6South67%0%67%17%0%33%33%33%50%0%

5West100%40%100%0%0%20%60%20%60%20%

28USA82%14%89%18%0%21%43%36%61%14%

32EU53%22%59%22%13%28%50%47%63%28%

sortedquality of lifefull employmentenvironment and biodiversitysocial equitybeautiful landscapeequal political powerincome equalityfull occupancypreserved traditionsequal population growth

9NoEast78%78%89%44%44%11%33%11%22%0%

8Midwest100%75%38%38%38%25%13%13%13%0%

6South67%67%50%33%33%33%17%0%0%0%

5West100%100%60%60%20%20%0%40%20%0%

28USA89%82%61%43%36%21%18%14%14%0%

32EU59%53%63%50%47%28%22%22%28%13%

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

00000

NoEast

Midwest

South

West

USA


00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

USA

EU


111111112222222222222222333333333334444444444444444444444445555555556i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6i6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii6ii77777777777

survey numberWho should benefit most?a. farmersb. rural poorc. rural non-farm business or industryd. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsg. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)What are our rural development problems?a. poverty among rural farmersb. poverty among the rural non-farm populationc. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)d. rural under- and un-employmente. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)g. idle farm landh. higher rural cost-of-livingi. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutej. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesk. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highl. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionm. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongn. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationp. monocrop externalitiesq. land stewards not rewarded by mktWhat are the objectives?a. full employment of rural laborb. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landc. high quality rural community lifed. equal rural and urban incomese. equal rural and urban population growth ratesf. equal rural and urban political powerg. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)h. beautiful rural landscapei. high quality rural environment and biodiversityj. preserved traditional rural occupationsEffective Strategies?a. support farm prices or incomesb. invest in rural human capital (education)c. develop local citizenship/leadershipd. subsidize rural social servicese. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureh. subsidize human or commercial transportationi. area use designations, zoning, parksj. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingk. for rural non-basicl. incentives for tourism developmentm. prevent out-migrationn. promote in-migrationo. subsidize rural housingp. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyq. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityr. rural environmental ameliorations. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productst. rural product export promotionu. protectionismv. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagew. common currency (Euro)Criteria for budgetary allocations across locations and/or groups?a. historical sharesb. land area sharesc. GDP sharesd. populatione. means tested (i.e. according to need)f. outcomes based (i.e. highest payoff)g. magnitude of local match or self-helph. case-by-case basisWho is best at diagnosinga. rural citizensb. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)c. local development organizationsd. regional or national development agenciese. national government administrations or bureaucratsg. universities and their facultyh. city and/or regional plannersi. business-agency partnershipsj. private consultantsk. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)l. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)Who is best at delivering solutions?a. rural citizensb. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)c. local development organizationsd. regional or national development agenciese. national government administrations or bureaucratsg. universities and their facultyh. city and/or regional plannersi. business-agency partnershipsj. private consultantsk. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)l. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)information sourcesa. popular press (e.g. newspapers, television)b. world wide webc. newsletters from farmer organizationsd.publications by local/regional development agencies and institutese. nonacademic literature by specialists or practitionersf. scholarly research (journal articles and books by academics)g. national agricultural research institutes (USDA, INRA, etc)h.CENSUSi. OECDj. EUnationalityagehighest degtitlepolicyenvirmktgintlfarm mngmtrural devother

regionabcdefgabcdefghijklmnopqabcdefghijabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghabcdeghijklabcdeghijklabcdefghij

1Indiana24552512123411111411131125243113234255442433423224154221191115542454333333333333222332333319333599Indiana51321

2southern USA345133293515311`15533313195132223121353433453433333243231993113553334333443343333334433434434444444southern USA543211

3SoCentral USA32545312354493125545215134353294231234232433113313133331199112531333454544434222313232233434449999SoCentral USA333211

4NoCentral USA23214155335443123212321245344332443453434433324233234331122212444333433334434444334444443333444499NoCentral USA5532111

5Kansas22442322135354111543352225353293351155433315112113144241491124553333344554333434333443345594444499Kansas45321

6Rhode Island, USA14343435991232111312354332453233453344342332222211345432322332434443433443324234343342234333433333Rhode Island, USA5432111

7Colorado43443335343523132434335425442124342354223413422324133451112431445111352534132112232244442435332499Colorado323211

8Missouri24533429343331121533243143151334242154454433323314142241142223453334343434322233324452224534545554Missouri513211

9New Jersey13142155343515153134354155151133443355444522213992934953391234553554321435435123451231422543355429New Jersey45321

10Wyoming43442335153323333553553154353334555155343434434423155331431431435444223442355312234423554313552522Wyoming46321


12Idaho13333335333333333444343335335334353344334343333333343332492333443233333333333555444434334423344539Idaho53321

13Virginia34559994555553313535933195244243443125453433423224244111499334532133322433333223332132442313344549Virginia633211

14NoEast14554422455599143444944115354344351355443432433424999191319911594355523449934344434499344534544499NoEast38311111

15MidAtlantic34443513235131113523314123152253222455433442343555313341133133354333344444433333333433343334444333MidAtlantic593111

16Arkansas33533431341515132543242445253125351155341544333224144341491112345233444434233435113241441514423599Arkansas523211

17Idaho45453333355535131555355555153335351135535553531313535355311135555335332334254353322352344333442339Idaho613211


19Tennessee33555523342432223533243145352223442244444444444433344333332123444433443544433223333343434534434499Tennessee483211

20Utah43432315334542121324425344452143212154343432333323212342122243554344322433332342332242322323344499Utah603211

21USA13533323342311114324331115132112343154234312222122112441121223552153331332113333325321133344542555USA662211


23Iowa24555443554432223433353324353223433353443333223124354343932223523344333443343443334443433534544522Iowa503211

24Oregon43544421453432122433333135341133331254544553111213144422993125432344344543432953343393323534345599Oregon58321

25Illinois21354322353532215444234245452222433155442343323323234342291134554332322322132233333342434433344399Illinois59321


27Wisconsin23443325441223223445333144352245332255344332122222244231392122454353433444254434234442444314444599Wisconsin41321

28Iowa23433534115351124431141453353155332334444434443353154221112122455343433334445455332352354592244599Iowa47321

290

300

310

320

0

0

Ancona Survey summary tabulation form


1Who should benefit most?123459

1a. farmersa

1b. rural poorb

1c. rural non-farm business or industryc

1d. mobile rural citizens (e.g. young people)d

1e. immobile rural citizens (e.g. rural shop owners, older homeowners)e

1f. nature lovers, environmentalists, future generationsf

1g. all citizens equally (average of urban plus rural)g

1h. otherh

leastmixedmost signif problem

2What are our rural development problems?123459

2a. poverty among rural farmersa

2b. poverty among the rural non-farm populationb

2c. rural depopulation or rural-to-urban migration (circle which)c

2d. rural under- and un-employmentd

2e. vacant rural commercial and/or industrial property (circle which)e

2f. absentee landlords or rural gentrification (circle which)f

2g. idle farm landg

2h. higher rural cost-of-livingh

2i. time-consuming or costly rural-urban commutei

2j. sub-standard rural housing, infrastructure, or public servicesj

2k. rural social problems (troubled youth, crime, drugs, racism) too highk

2l. unacceptably skewed rural income distributionl

2m. rural cyclical busts/booms too strongm

2n. rural environmental degradation (water pollution, erosion, species loss)n

2o. dis-enfranchisement of local citizens, or low political representationo

p. monocrop externalitiesp

q. land stewards not rewarded by mktq

r. otherr


3What are the objectives?123459

3a. full employment of rural labora

3b. full occupancy of rural farm, commercial, industrial and/or residential landb

3c. high quality rural community lifec

3d. equal rural and urban incomesd

3e. equal rural and urban population growth ratese

3f. equal rural and urban political powerf

3g. rural social equity (within rural and between rural/urban)g

3h. beautiful rural landscapeh

3i. high quality rural environment and biodiversityi

3j. preserved traditional rural occupationsj

counterproductivewastemixedfaireffectiveunable to rank

4Effective Strategies?123459

4a. support farm prices or incomesa

4b. invest in rural human capital (education)b

4c. develop local citizenship/leadershipc

4d. subsidize rural social servicesd

4e. upgrade rural municipal infrastructure (e.g. utilities)e

4f. public facility decentralization (e.g. universities, hospitals, prisons)f

4g. subsidize rural telecommunications infrastructureg

4h. subsidize human or commercial transportationh

4i. area use designations, zoning, parksi

4j. incentives (tax reduction or subsidy) for rural manufacturingj

4k. incentives for rural non-basic activities (e.g. cafs, retail shops)k

4l. incentives for tourism developmentl

4m. incentives to prevent rural out-migrationm

4n. incentives for urban residents to move to rural communitiesn

4o. subsidize rural housingo

4p. regulate against absentee ownership of rural propertyp

4q. regulate to preserve rural environmental qualityq

4r. reforestation or other rural environmental amelioration projectsr

4s. certified labeling of the geographic origin of productss

4t. rural product export promotiont

4u. protectionism against importsu

4v. nation-wide (binding) minimum wagev

4w. common currency (Euro)w

worstbestunable to rank

5Criteria for budgetary allocations across locations and/or groups?123459

5a. historical sharesa

5b. land area sharesb

5c. GDP sharesc

5d. populationd

5e. means tested (i.e. according to need)e

5f. outcomes based (i.e. highest payoff)f

5g. magnitude of local match or self-helpg

5h. case-by-case basish


6iWho is best at diagnosing123459

6ia. rural citizensa

6ib. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)b

6ic. local development organizationsc

6id. regional or national development agenciesd

6ie. national government administrations or bureaucratse

6if. European Community project personnelf

6ig. universities and their facultyg

6ih. city and/or regional plannersh

6ii. business-agency partnershipsi

6ij. private consultantsj

6ik. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)k

6il. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)l


6iiWho is best at delivering solutions?123459

6iia. rural citizensa

6iib. local elected officials (e.g. town magistrates, provincial governors)b

6iic. local development organizationsc

6iid. regional or national development agenciesd

6iie. national government administrations or bureaucratse

6iif. European Community project personnelf

6iig. universities and their facultyg

6iih. city and/or regional plannersh

6iii. business-agency partnershipsi

6iij. private consultantsj

6iik. charitable entities (e.g. churches and clergy; philanthropic organizations)k

6iil. civic and volunteer organizations (e.g. Chamber of Commerce)l

wrongwastemixedinformativevery usefulunable to rank

7information sources

7a. popular press (e.g. newspapers, television)a

7b. world wide webb

7c. newsletters from farmer organizationsc

7d.publications by local/regional development agencies and institutesd

7e. nonacademic literature by European specialists or practitionerse

7f. scholarly research (journal articles and books by academics)f

7g. national agricultural research institutes (USDA, INRA, etc)g

7h. Eurostath

7i. OECDi

7j. EUj

What we Do: only 13% of USDAs budget is directed to rural poor and rural enterprise:

Chart3

Rural Dev+FRARural Dev+FRA12552

Farm&ExportFarm&Export35124

FNS+FSFNS+FS37733

NatlResNatlRes5693

AMS&RegAMS&Reg1249

R,E&EconR,E&Econ2574

FY2002 USDA Budget

Food & Nutrition, Food Stamps40%

Farm&Exportsubsidies 37%

Research,Education & Economics

Environment

Mktg & Regulation

Rural Development13%

Sheet1

FY 2002 Budget Summary

USDA.gov

program levels:

actualbudget

FY2000FY2002

Rural Development

utilities service$4,149$4,954

housing service$4,601$5,759

business and coop service

loans$1,032$1,053

B&I guarantees$948$1,000

B&I direct loans$300note: drop to 0 by 2002

RED loans$15$15

other loans$39$38

grants$75$65

RB&E grants$34$41

RBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+nec$54$54$9$9

Rural Coop Dev$2$3

VA Ag Prod Market0.00.0note: was $10 in 2001

ATTRA$2$2

RED grants$40.0note: drop to 0 by 2002

Empwmnt Zones$17$15

n.e.c. loans and grants$(8)$(5)

other$5

salaries and expenses$529$596

community advancement program

emergency loans and grants

totalRural Development +FfRARural Dev+FRA$10,391$12,552

totalFund for Rural America$60$71

Farm and Foreign Ag

loans and grants$3,826$3,858

conservation$1,573$1,788

commodity programs+disaster+mktg$36,170$19,271

other$1,586$5

salaries and expenses$1,189$1,415

risk management$2,453$3,154

export support$3,281$4,544

PL 480, aid$1,905$1,089

totalFarm and Foreign AgFarm&Export$51,983$35,124

totalFood and Nutrition ServiceFNS+FS$34,331$37,733

totalFood Safety$751$817

totalNatural Resources&EnvironmentNatlRes$5,064$5,693

totalMarketing and RegulatoryAMS&Reg$1,068$1,249

totalResearch, Education, EconomicsR,E&Econ$2,145$2,574

Other$357$430

TOTALUSDA$105,399$94,871

Sheet1

FY 2000 Rural Development Program Levels

Sheet2

FY 2002 Budget: Rural Development

Sheet3

Rural Dev+FRARural Dev+FRA12552

Farm&ExportFarm&Export35124

FNS+FSFNS+FS37733

NatlResNatlRes5693

AMS&RegAMS&Reg1249

R,E&EconR,E&Econ2574

FY2002 USDA Budget

Federal Rural Development agency spending, however, matches priorities:

Chart1

utilities serviceutilities serviceutilities service4954

housing servicehousing servicehousing service5759

loansloansloans1053

grantsgrantsgrants65

salaries and expensessalaries and expensessalaries and expenses596

FY2002 Rural Development Program Budget

housing service46%

utilities service40%

Sheet1


USDA.gov

program levels:

actualbudget

FY2000FY2002

Rural Development



business and coop serviceloans$1,032$1,053



RED loans$15$15

other loans$39$38

grants$75$65

RB&E grants$34$41


Rural Coop Dev$2$3


ATTRA$2$2


Empwmnt Zones$17$15

n.e.c. loans and grants$(8)$(5)

other$5

salaries and expenses$529$596

community advancement program

emergency loans and grants

totalRural Development +FfRARural Dev+FRA$10,391$12,552

totalFund for Rural America$60$71

Farm and Foreign Ag

loans and grants$3,826$3,858

conservation$1,573$1,788

commodity programs+disaster+mktg$36,170$19,271

other$1,586$5

salaries and expenses$1,189$1,415

risk management$2,453$3,154

export support$3,281$4,544

PL 480, aid$1,905$1,089

totalFarm and Foreign AgFarm&Export$51,983$35,124$79,799

totalFood and Nutrition ServiceFNS+FS$34,331$37,73384%

totalFood Safety$751$817

totalNatural Resources&EnvironmentNatlRes$5,064$5,693

totalMarketing and RegulatoryAMS&Reg$1,068$1,249

totalResearch, Education, EconomicsR,E&Econ$2,145$2,574

Other$357$430

TOTALUSDA$105,399$94,871

Sheet1

FY 2000 Rural Development Program Levels

Sheet2


Sheet3

FY2002 USDA Budget

FY2002 Rural Development Program Budget

USDA-RD budget: mostly loan guarantees so that private lenders are willing to extend credit:

Chart2

B&I guaranteesB&I guaranteesB&I guarantees1000

RED loansRED loansRED loans15

other loansother loansother loans38

RB&E grantsRB&E grantsRB&E grants41

RBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+necRBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+necRBOgrants+Coop+ATTRA+RED+nec9


RBOgrants +Coop+ATTRAn.e.c.

B&I loanguarantees91%

Sheet1


USDA.gov

program levels:

actualbudget

FY2000FY2002

Rural Development



business and coop service

loans$1,032$1,053



RED loans$15$15

other loans$39$38

grants$75$65

RB&E grants$34$41


Rural Coop Dev$2$3


ATTRA$2$2


Empwmnt Zones$17$15

value-added agriculture and rural development

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