vanishing coast: erosion levels - arctic climate...
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ACMP ©2006-2008 UAF Geophysical Institute A-1 Vanishing Coast: Erosion
Vanishing Coast: Erosion
Overview:Students learn about erosion by observing two classroom demonstrations and listening to an Elder share local history.
Objectives:The student will:• identifyerosionfromaseriesofpictures;• listenrespectfullytoanElder;and• relateinformationfromastory.
Materials:• Plasticbottle,1-literorlarger• Beaker• Aluminumroastingpan• Soil• Water• 2Styrofoam™cups• MapofAlaska• STUDENTWORKSHEET:“Erosion”(LevelI)• STUDENTWORKSHEET:“Erosion”(LevelII)
WholePicture:Alongtimeago,peopleonAlaska’scoast lived indifferentplacesdependingontheseason.Theywouldhavedifferentcampsalongthecoastlinethatweregoodspotstocatchfish,seals,walrus,orwhales.Whentheyweredonefishing,theywouldmove,oftentoamoreshelteredareaawayfromtheocean.Nottoolongago,mostvillagersdecidedtoliveinoneplace,wherestores,postoffices,andschoolswerelocated.Someofthesevillageswereonthesitesofoldcamps,oftenrightnexttothewater.InplaceslikeShishmaref,thevillageswerebuiltonislandsmadeofsand,sometimeswithacoreoffrozensandandice.Whenhighwindsfromstormswhipuptheocean,bigwavescancrashintotheshoreandeatsomeofthesandyshorelineandthawthefrozengroundunderneath.InShish-maref,thishascausedsomehousestotipintotheocean(whennobodywasinside).ThevillagersofShishmarefandothervillagesarenowthinkingofmovingtoplacesfartherawayfromtheocean,butitwillbeexpensiveforthemtomove.Somethinkthatstormshittheirvillagesworsenow,becausetheseaiceformslaterintheyearandmeltsearlierthanitusedto.
GLEsAddressed:Science• [3-4]SA1.1Thestudentdemonstratesanunderstandingoftheprocessesofsciencebyaskingquestions,predicting,observing,describing,measuring,classifying,makinggeneralizations,inferring,andcommunicating.
• [3]SA2.1Thestudentdemonstratesanunderstandingoftheattitudesandapproachestoscien-tificinquirybyanswering“howdoyouknow?”questionswithreasonableanswers.
• [4]SA2.1Thestudentdemonstratesanunderstandingoftheattitudesandapproachestoscien-tificinquirybysupportingthestudent’sownideaswithobservationsandpeerreview.
• [4]SD2.1ThestudentdemonstratesanunderstandingoftheforcesthatshapeEarthbyobserv-
I-II
Levels
Grades K-4
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ACMP ©2006-2008 UAF Geophysical Institute A-2 Vanishing Coast: Erosion
ingmodelsofhowwaves,wind,water,andiceshapeandreshapetheEarth’ssurfacebyerodingrockandsoil.
Vocabulary:erosion-theprocessofwearingawaybytheactionofwater,wind,orglacialice
Teacher’s Note: CoastalerosionisaffectingAlaska’scoasts,arearesidents,structures,andwildlife.AwarmingArcticisimpactingtherateoferosionalongAlaska’scoast.Seaice,whichonceprotectedthecoastsfromfallstorms,islesspresentinthefallmonthsthanitoncewas.Withouttheice,thewavescrashdirectlyontothebeach,increasingerosion.Severalcoastalcommunitieshaveusedseawallsandotherman-madebarriers toholdbackerosion,however, thesemeasuresserveonlyastemporary measures since wind and waves wear away at these barriers as well as the coasts them-selves.
Activity Preparation:1. Invite a local Elder to visit the classroom and share with students how the coastline has changed
physically in their memory.
2. PreparesnacksandbeveragesfortheElderandmakesureheorshehasadequatetransportationtoandfromtheclassroom.
3. Laytheplasticbottleonitssideandcutasectionfromitsothatitformsatrough.Fillthebottomofthebottlewithsoil.
4. PunchseveralholesinthebottomofoneoftheStyrofoamcupsandfillthe other one with water.
5. Fillonesideoftheroastingpanwithsoilorsand.
Activity Procedure:1. ShowstudentsamapofAlaska.Ifnecessary,explainthatthebluepartsof
themaparewater(ocean, lakes, rivers, etc.)andtheothercolorsrepre-sent land.
2. Explainthateachdotonthemaprepresentsacity.Askstudentshowmanypeoplelivebytheocean.ExplainthatmostofAlaska’sresidentsliveneartheoceanandrelyontheoceanforfoodandothermaterials.
3. Askforastudentvolunteer.Holdthebottleatanangle(lessthan45°)sothat the spout is facingdownward.Placeabeakerat thebottomof thespouttocatchrunoff.Makesurethecapisoff.
4. Instructthestudenttopourwaterslowlyintothebottleforseveralminutes.Thestudentwillneedtopositionthecupwithholesoverthebottle,thenpourthewaterintothecup.Afterthebeakerishalffullwithwater,stopandaskstudentswhathappened.
5. Askstudentsifthesoilwashedoffwiththewater.(yes)Howcantheytell?(The water should be dark-ened from the soil.)
6. Askstudentsiftheyknowwhaterosionis.ExplainthaterosionistheremovalofdirtandsoilfromEarth’ssurfacebywaterandwind.Erosionatthecoastisthemostdramatic,changingthebeachevery day.
7. Explainthaterosionalongthecoastwearsawaythebeach.Aswaterwashesagainstthebeachitslowlyerodes,orwearsaway,thebeach,changingthecoastline.Seaicehasprotectedthebeach
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ACMP©2006-2008UAFGeophysicalInstitute A-3 VanishingCoast:Erosion
frommuchofthiserosion.However,seaicealongthecoastisappearinglessandlesseachyear,resulting in more and more erosion.
8. Remind students that this process of soil washingaway with water is called erosion and that water erodesthebeachwiththeactionofthewaves.
9. Placethealuminumroastingpanfilledwithdirtinacentral location so that all students can watch the demonstration.Pourafewinchesofwaterintheop-positesideofthepan.
10. Tilt thepanbackand forthso that thewater formssmallwavesagainstthesoil.Askstudentsifthesoilerodes(it may or may not).Continuetiltingthepan,butfaster,sothatthewavessplashfasteragainstthesoil.Askstudentstodescribewhatchanged.Didthesoilerodefasterormorethanthefirsttime?(yes)Asaclass,discussthedifference.
11. WelcomeandintroducetheEldertotheclassroom.Explainthatstudentsarelearningabouterosion.InvitetheEldertosharestoriesofhowthecoastshavechangedasaresultoferosions,storms,andhuman activity.
12. ThanktheElderforhisorhertime.
13. AskstudentstorecallsomeofthethingsthattheEldertoldthemabout.Liststudentideasontheboard.
14. DistributetheSTUDENTWORKSHEET:“Erosion”andassiststudentsasnecessary.AskLevelIstu-dents to dictate their answers to Question 2 to an older student or classroom aide.
Answers:
STUDENT WORKSHEET: “Erosion” (Level I)
1. B(seepictureatright)
2. Answers will vary.
STUDENT WORKSHEET: “Erosion” (Level II)
1. A)removalofsoilandsandfromEarthssurfacebywaterandwind
2. B(seepictureatright)
3. Answerswillvary.
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ACMP©2006-2008UAFGeophysicalInstitute A-4 VanishingCoast:Erosion
ErosionStudent Worksheet
1. Circle the picture that shows erosion.
A. B.
C. D.
2. What is one thing that the Elder said changed along the coast?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
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Name:_______________________
I
Level
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ACMP ©2006-2008 UAF Geophysical Institute A-5 Vanishing Coast: Erosion
1. What is erosion?A. removal of soil and sand from the Earth’s surface by water
and windB. rain and stormsC. using machines to dig a ditch
2. Circle the set of pictures that shows erosion.
A. B.
C.
3. Describe one thing the Elder said changed along the coast.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
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ErosionStudent Worksheet
Name:_______________________
II
Level